Challenges and Opportunities Niels Bjørn Mortensen Maersk Maritime Technology
A.P. Moller Maersk A diversified conglomerate founded in 1904 110,000 employees and operations in over 130 countries Headquarters in Copenhagen. Business segments: Container shipping (240/530 ships) Tankers (125/250 ships) Offshore supply services (65 ships) Tugs (approx. 500) Oil and gas activities Retail activities
15 years of environmental regulation Other rules BWMC MLC Hong Kong Convention ECA NO X Scrubbers? Air pollution ECA SO X? Global SO X 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025 Climate SEEMP & EEDI EEDI 10 % EEDI 20 % EEDI 30 % LNG? MBM? Bio Fuel?
MARPOL ANNEX VI A.P.Moller-Maersk is the world s largest bunker purchaser! Does MARPOL Annex VI affect us?
MARPOL ANNEX VI 2009 2010 2011 2012 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 SOx regulations (% Sulphur in bunker and other fuel types) IMO global regulation 4,5% 3,5% Review 0,5 % IMO Emission Control Areas (ECA) 1,5% 1% 0,1% NAM ECA P 1 % 0,1% EU at berth 0,1% California 24 nm from coast MGO 1,5% or MDO 0,5% 0,1 %
MARPOL ANNEX VI First major obstackle: 2015
Sulphur Emission Control Areas 1st SECA enforced in May 2006 the Baltic Sea. 2nd SECA enforced in August/ November 2007 the North Sea. Present requirement: Max 1.00% Sulphur From 2015: Max 0.10% Sulphur
Emission Control Areas - ECA
Emission Control Areas - ECA
Emission Control Areas - ECA
Next obstackle: 2020 (or 2025?) Global shift to 0.5% MDO Will the available distillate in reality be 0.1% compliant? Flashpoint? Will the fuel be available? Price difference between 0.10% and 0.50% S fuel?
Innovation projects on the Maersk fleet Maersk Attender Crane pendulation Thurø Maersk BWTS testing Maersk Kendal Ventilation optimization Jeppesen Maersk Auto-tuning of main engine Emma Maersk Aux. engine waste heat Maersk Kalmar Biofuel Olivia Maersk Air lubrication Alexander Maersk Exhaust gas recirculation Gudrun Maersk Main eng. cooling systems Roy Maersk CLT Propeller Laura Maersk HT Pump optimization Maersk Kate Propeller boss cap fin Maersk Belfast Water based hydraulics Arthur Maersk Cylinder lube oil reduction Clementine Maersk CRS autologging and performance prediction
PAGE 13 Alternative methods of compliance with MARPOL Annex VI EGR Scrubber technology LNG Bio fuels Cold ironing New technologies?
NOx Challenge Selective Catalytic Reduction SCR Kit-solution for existing engines.
EGR in Service project Source : MAN Diesel Objective: Reduce NOx emissions by at least 50% Status: System has been installed on board Alexander Maersk (1000 TEU, 10 MW) Cooperation with MAN Diesel and ABB, Green Ship of the Future Tests and evaluation of the concept to be documented throughout 2010.
EGR in Service project EGR performance expectations (from 2007 tests at MAN Diesel in Copenhagen) 50% NOx reduction with 20% EGR
PAGE 17 Alternative methods of compliance Scrubber technology
Triple-E Class
Triple-E Class
LNG for Fuel LNG: reduce impact on environment 20% less CO2 Up to 95% reductions of SOx and PM NOx reductions (15-90%) Key challenges for shipping are: Substantial investments for Shipowners, Oil Majors and key suppliers Issues related to Bunkering (terminals, bunker boats, procedures, etc.) Uncertainty regarding the future LNG bunker price
LNG as fuel LNG tank Allowed for LNG? Required volume for fuel tanks about 3-4 times more compared to HFO tanks LNG takes up double the volume compared to HFO due to low density Storage in pressurised tanks results in broken space HFO tank (shown only for size comparison) Slide no. 21
Bio Fuel Can a diesel engine run on vegetable oil? The first diesel engine ran on peanut oil!
Alternative fuels Biofuel Test effects of using biofuel/biodiesel onboard a container vessel (Maersk Kalmar) Effects on air emissions (CO2, NOx, SOX) Long term storage effects (corrosion, water) Joint project between Maersk Line, Tankers, Drilling, Supply Service Testing began in June 2010 Vessel will be designed to be able to test other biofuels in the future Slide no. 23
Bio Fuel From December 2011 bio fuel made from algae has been tested on the Kalmar Maersk. U.S. Navy is main sponsor.
PAGE 25 Cold ironing
Enforcement APMM encourages a strong enforcement regime, in particular in ECAs after 2015. An AFRAMAX tanker can save ~150-175,000 $ on a trip from North Atlantic to Primorsk and back again by being non-, compliant, i.e. by using HFO instead of MGO. That is twice the daily running cost (incl. wages) for such a ship.
PAGE 27 Nuclear power?
PAGE 28 Muscle power?
Thank you. Question?