Hong Kong Productivity Council September 2013 Automatic Engine Idlestop and Supplementary Air Conditioning System
Air Pollutants Emission from Transport Sector Photo courtesy: The Wall Street Journal (2010)
Air Pollutants Emission from Transport Sector Transport Sector emits over 7.39 Million Tonnes CO 2 e, which is 17.8% of total Green House Gases emission in HK in 2010 (EPD, 2013 04). Transport Sector is an important air pollutants source in Hong Kong. Cleaner and more efficient new vehicles and alternative fuel vehicles could alleviate the problem, however, for the majority of the vehicles already running on road, solutions are relatively limited. Photo courtesy: pollutionfree.wordpress.com (2010)
Motor Vehicle Idling (Fixed Penalty) Ordinance Under the Ordinance, the driver of a motor vehicle is prohibited from causing or permitting any vehicle engine to operate for more than 3 minutes in aggregate within any continuous 60 minute period while the vehicle is stationary, unless an exemption applies. A driver who contravenes the idling prohibition may be issued with a Penalty Notice requiring him or her to pay a fixed penalty of HK$320 The Ordinance came into operation since 15 Dec 2011 (Source: EPD)
HKPC s R&D Contribution In order to improve HK s roadside air quality, HKPC developed ISAC Automatic Engine Idlestop and Supplementary Air Conditioning System which is applicable to a wide variety of vehicles. The System stops the idling vehicle engine under safe and appropriate stationary condition. The System saves fuel and reduces carbon dioxide emission; during idlestop period, the System also supplies conditioned air to the cabin to ensure thermal comfort, especially in hot and humid condition. Developed by Hong Kong Productivity Council (HKPC) Sponsored by Environment and Conservation Fund (ECF) and Woo Wheelock Green Fund (WWCF)
Constraint of Conventional Engine driven A/C Conventional A/C system is driven by the engine through the belt. Consequently, conventional A/C system will not operate during engine off period. The problem is aggravated in hot weather.
Solution-an Integrated System ISAC includes Automatic Engine Idlestop Unit and Supplementary Air Conditioning Unit The former one monitors various vehicle status and control the on/off of the engine The latter one supplies conditioned air during engine idlestop period (in both automatic idlestop and key switch idlestop)
Comparison with Similar Products Only a small portion of new automobile models is equipped with automatic engine idlestop function, but even equipped with this function, only some of these non hybrid automobile models come along with supplementary air conditioning Compared to the limitations in similar products, not only can ISAC System be retrofitted in both old or new models, it is also equipped with supplementary air conditioning up to 1 hour operation
Automatic Engine Idlestop Unit Over 30% of the time during the driving trip in HK s urban area is engine idling (i.e. vehicle remains stationary but the engine keeps running) Waste fuel, and thus higher fuel cost More emission (including greenhouse gases e.g. carbon dioxide) ISAC monitors vehicle operation status, and automatically idlestops the engine under a safe and appropriate condition Avoid engine idling Effectivelyreduce fuel consumption Reduce carbon dioxide emission
Supplementary A/C Unit-Hybrid driven A/C Supplementary Air Conditioning Unit can be integrated with Automatic Engine Idlestop Unit, and provides up to 1 hour of air conditioning Hybrid driven A/C compressor replaces the stock engine driven A/C compressor Driven by engine when rolling; by built in electric motor during idlestop Equipped with Supplementary Battery, which is charged by alternator (when rolling) and discharged for supplementary A/C (during idlestop)
Supplementary A/C Unit-Pure Electric A/C Before adopting the Hybrid driven A/C approach, HKPC has also tried Pure Electric A/C. Pure electric compressor replaces stockengine driven compressor Equipped with Supplementary Battery, which is charged by the alternator when the vehicle is rolling Air conditioning is driven by pure electric mode in both engine running and idlestop conditions In view of the possibility that failure of any part of the newly installed A/C unit would paralyze the entire air conditioning system Hybrid driven A/C is a more secure solution
Testing Methodology Cycle Formulation 60 50 40 Speed (km/h) 30 20 10 0 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 1100 1200 1300 1400 1500 1600 1700 1800 1900 2000 2100 2200 2300 2400 Time (sec) Technical personnel firstly drove through a bus route in urban area, the onboard equipment onboard recorded speed, time, etc simultaneously 12 km in distance and 40 min in duration, in which 34% of the time is idling
Testing Methodology 60 50 Baseline No idlestop, engine always in operation 60 50 Using ISAC Automatic idlestop 40 40 Restart engine S p e e d ( k m / h ) 30 S p e e d ( k m / h ) 30 20 20 10 10 0 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 1100 1200 1300 1400 1500 1600 1700 1800 1900 2000 2100 2200 2300 2400 Time (sec) 0 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 1100 1200 1300 1400 1500 1600 1700 1800 1900 2000 2100 2200 2300 2400 Time (sec)
Testing Methodology Chassis Dynamometer The profile was input into chassis dynamometer, two vehicles installed with ISAC were repeatedly tested under identical driving pattern to measure the fuel consumption and the carbon dioxide emission before and after using the System
Fuel Saving Fuel 油 Consumption 耗 ( 升 每 百 公 里 (L/100km) ) 20 15 10 5 Fuel Consumption (Hot season) 油 耗 的 比 較 ( 炎 熱 季 節 ) Gasoline 電 油 私 家 Sedan 車 柴 Diesel 油 輕 型 LGV 貨 車 石 LPG 油 氣 Taxi 的 士 傳 Conventional 統 駕 駛 模 式 ( 啟 driving 動 空 調 )(A/C on) 使 Using 用 本 系 ISAC 統 在 燈 System 位 停 車 to 熄 匙 idlestop 及 啟 動 延 at 長 lights 冷 凍 空 with 調 系 Supp. 統 A/C on Fuel Consumption (L/100km) 油 耗 ( 升 每 百 公 里 ) 20 Fuel Consumption (Other seasons) 油 耗 的 比 較 ( 其 他 季 節 ) Average 7% Average 12% 15 10 5 Gasoline 電 油 私 家 Sedan 車 柴 油 Diesel 輕 型 貨 LGV 車 石 LPG 油 氣 Taxi 的 士 傳 Conventional 統 駕 駛 模 式 ( 無 driving 需 啟 動 空 (A/C 調 ) off) 使 用 本 系 統 在 燈 位 停 車 熄 匙 Using ISAC System to idlestop at lights
Carbon Dioxide Reduction CO2 Emission (Hot season) 二 氧 化 碳 排 放 的 比 較 ( 炎 熱 季 節 ) CO2 Emission (Other seasons) 二 氧 化 碳 排 放 的 比 較 ( 其 他 季 節 ) CO2 二 氧 Emission 化 碳 ( 克 每 (g/km) 公 里 ) 500 400 300 200 100 CO2 二 氧 Emission 化 碳 ( 克 每 (g/km) 公 里 ) 100 Gasoline 電 油 私 家 Sedan 車 柴 Diesel 油 輕 型 LGV 貨 車 石 LPG 油 氣 Taxi 的 士 Gasoline 電 油 私 家 Sedan 車 柴 油 Diesel 輕 型 貨 LGV 車 石 LPG 油 氣 Taxi 的 士 傳 Conventional 統 駕 駛 模 式 ( 啟 driving 動 空 調 (A/C ) on) 傳 統 Conventional 駕 駛 模 式 ( 無 driving 需 啟 動 空 (A/C 調 ) off) 使 用 本 系 統 在 燈 位 停 車 熄 匙 使 Using 用 本 系 ISAC 統 在 燈 System 位 停 車 to 熄 匙 idlestop 及 啟 動 延 at 長 lights 冷 凍 空 with 調 系 Supp. 統 A/C on Using ISAC System to idlestop at lights 500 Average 7% Average 10% 400 300 200
Rationale for Fuel Saving There is a misbelieve that restarting engine consumes vast amount of fuel However, based on the estimates from our test result, after the engine reaches its operation temperature, the fuel consumption in each restart is less than that of10 second engine idling In other words, if the engine is idlestopped in the beginning of a 60 second idle period, and restart right before rolling, over 50 second of fuel consumed during engine idling can be saved
Compliance with International Standards ISAC System has been tested with Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC) Test in accordance with international automotive standards, the test result complies with international standards ECE Regulation No. 10: CISPR 25 (second edition 2002) ISO 7637 2: 2004 ISO 11452 2: 2004 ISO 11452 4: 2005 EN61000 6 2and 6 4 The System has also been validated by a Registered Professional Engineer (R.P.E.) to ensure compliance with safety standard
Approved by Transport Department After several thousand reliability tests, EMC tests, validation by R.P.E., and inspection by Transport Department, the System has been approved by Transport Department foron road use
Intellectual Property Rights ISAC System has already been patented in HKSAR and Mainland China HK:HK1155898 CN:201120516698.4
Acclaimed by Legco Members, Trades, and Public Media
ISAC Award The ISAC System developed by HKPC was awarded with: *** 2012 Hong Kong Awards for Industries Machinery and Machine Tools Design Award by The Chinese Manufacturers Association of Hong Kong
ISAC Award The ISAC System developed by HKPC was awarded with: *** 2 nd Runner Up of Innovation Award for the Engineering Industry 2012 / 2013 by The Hong Kong Institution of Engineers
Assisting the Trades in Funding Application HKPC is currently assisting the trades to apply for Pilot Green Transport Fund (a fund set up by the HKSAR Government to fund public transportation to test green technology) for subsidy to install the ISAC designed and developed by HKPC. It is anticipated that the funding can cover 75% of the capital and installation cost
Cost performance According to some taxi operators, the daily fuel cost is about HK$400. After the installation of ISAC System, it is estimated that HK$ 8,000 of fuel cost can be saved in a year. The mass production cost of ISAC System lies between HK$ 20,000 to 30,000. In other words, the payback period is around 2.5 to 3.75 years with the invaluable environmental benefits and the comfort brought along. Numerous commercial fleet operators and public transport operators has expressed their interest in installation of ISAC System. We believe that the System will be widely adopted by the stakeholders.
Technology Commercialization Conversion of prototype to mass production product Adaptation of the System to different vehicle types and models Invitation to interested trades for installation Invitation to the interested parties in this technology for becoming the technology licensee(s) and supplier(s) Before the completion of technology commercialization process, HKPC would act as the system provider
Thank you For Enquiry: Ir Kenny Wong / Mr. Desmond Liu Hong Kong Productivity Council Telephone: (+852) 2788 5647 / 2788 5657 Email: kenny@hkpc.org / desmond@hkpc.org