Institute for Carbon Composites

Transcription

1 Institute for Carbon Composites Fundamental research on material behavior, processing technology and simulation of high performance composite materials Prof. Dr.-Ing. Klaus Drechsler n The focus of the Institute for Carbon Composites in was to establish and strengthen its research program within the four research groups. The main goal was to explore new ways and possibilities to reduce the process cycle time and the raw material costs to be able to implement high performance composite structures in high volume applications. Different process technologies using e.g. tailored textiles and advanced matrix systems have been patented. New material models and process simulation methods have been developed and these were implemented in conventional software tools to enable advanced composites part and process design solutions. Process Technology for Fibers and Textiles Contact drechsler@lcc.mw.tum.de Phone The Process Technology for Fibers and Textiles group focuses on improving manufacturing technologies that arrange the fibers in their desired orientation within a composite component. The group s three research teams cover the fields of braiding technology, automated fiber placement and tailored textiles. With highly developed processing equipment, the fibers can be brought into shape in an automated and reproducible way. Fiber Placement Center Many activities in focused on the setting up of a new Fiber Placement Center at the institute s laboratory site on the Ludwig Bölkow Campus in Taufkirchen. Three different types of fiber placement machines have been installed there to form a unique machine park. Machine Park Besides a machine for the direct processing of fiber tapes with thermoplastic matrices, an additional machine for the use of thermoset resin tapes has been set up. This machine was moved from Garching to Taufkirchen in summer. In the course of this relocating process it was equipped with an additional linear axis to increase the production space. Both machines are now capable of manufacturing composite parts with a length of up to 5 m. Furthermore, the Institute s fiber patch placement system will be relocated to Taufkirchen as well. Thus, all these different manufacturing processes can be Newly set up automated fiber placement cell in Taufkirchen usefully combined e.g. to locally reinforce big composite structures. Collaborations The full potential of the Fiber Placement Center for the future development of composite processing technologies will leverage through direct interaction with research and industry partners on the campus. Especially promising are collaborations with the institute s spin-off companies that are also located in Taufkirchen. These will greatly help to accelerate transferring research results into industrial applications Public Funded Projects n AIF project 3D-formbare Nassvliese n AIF project FullCycle n AIF project Accurat3 n EU project INSCAPE n BMBF project MAIplast n BMBF project MAIprofil n BMBF project AIRCARBON II n BMBF project MAItank 94 Institute for Carbon Composites

2 Process Technology for Matrix Systems The Process Technology for Matrix Systems group addresses the robust and efficient processing of matrix systems for the production of continuous fiber reinforced composite parts. On the one hand, the basic understanding of matrix systems, the characterization of impregnation properties of the fiber material for optimized processing, and process engineering are central for the group. On the other hand, associated issues such as tool technology, surface sealing, and process integration are key activities of the group. Team Processes and Production Systems New equipment for energy efficient processing Hybrid Materials and Structures First Prize for LCC at the AVK Innovation Award Ceremony An industrialized microwave oven was installed in the lab of the LCC. The aim is to develop energy-efficient processing of fiber reinforced composites. Direct, volumetric heating and indirect heating with absorber materials is investigated to reach more optimized conditions within the production chain. New industrialized microwave oven at the LCC The LCC won the AVK innovation award in the category Research and Science The aim of the team is to expand the span of applications of composites. One example for this is the EU-funded project MATISSE with the main partners Autoliv, Daimler, Virtual Vehicle, TU Graz, Airborne and TU Munich where a shape adaptive fiberreinforced crash structure was designed and investigated. The AVK Industrievereinigung Verstärkte Kunststoffe e.v. honored the project with their innovation award on 21st of september in Stuttgart in the category Research and Science. Team Tooling Systems Successful Project Finalization The EU-funded project LeeTorb tested the application of self-heating tools out of CFRP for aerospace RTM processing. The consortium (Fraunhofer ICT-FIL, qpoint composite and TU Munich) was able to convince the industrial partner Airbus Helicopter of the energy efficient tool design with a full-scale tool and demonstrator part of a helicopter rotor blade. Institute for Carbon Composites 95

3 Public Funded Projects n AIF project HoMehr n BMBF project FLAME n BMBF project InFo n BMBF project MAIplast n BMBF project MAIfo n BFS project FORCiM3A n BFS project TIP n EU project Disacop n EU project LeeTorb Full-scale demonstrator tool for a helicopter rotor blade developed by the project Leetorb Simulation developed and validated. The validation consisted of comparing simulation to experimental results. Braiding process simulation of a generic structure Forming and Flow Process Simulation This research team works on the simulation of composite manufacturing processes. This comprises the simulation of forming technologies like draping, braiding and automated fiber placement as well as infiltration methods. Last year s activities focused on the characterization of different materials. The goal of these investigations is to determine material properties and hence, simulation input. Finite element simulation models for draping and braiding processes were also Out-of-autoclave consolidation - validation of a stochastic approach for initial degree of impregnation modeling 96 Institute for Carbon Composites Compaction, Curing and Consolidation Simulation Research efforts in this team are dedicated to modeling of cure induced effects on the final part s properties and appearance with a focus on compaction behavior and porosity content, thermal management and process induced deformations. In, implementation and validation has been concluded for modeling the thermal management of large scale resin transfer molded aerospace structures as well as the consolidation of out-of-autoclave prepregs. Magnitude and shape of global deformation modes identified experimentally for a spar structure (featuring a material with engineered vacuum channels and manufactured with a caul) were found to significantly differ from simulated deformations, demanding more detailed process modeling of complex structures. To tackle this issue and gain further insight in the importance of compaction and resin flow related phenomena on the part s quality, future activities will focus on transferring modeling capabilities from lamina level to arbitrary three-dimensional manufacturing setups.

4 Material Modeling and Structural Analysis The Material Modeling and Structural Analysis research team focuses on the structural analysis of fiber reinforced plastics as well as mechanical and bonded joints at different length scales. One research focus is the prediction of the constitutive behavior of textile-reinforced composites using unit cells. A framework is proposed predicting the non-linear mechanical response of triaxial braided composites using mesoscopic finite element unit cells. In order to capture the predominant failure modes observed in braided composites, the model comprises a physically based damage model inside the yarns, plasticity in the resin pockets, and delamination at the yarn-matrix interfaces. Another research area consists of the non-linear behavior of angle-ply laminates. A constitutive model for composite laminates is developed with the focus on the distinction between inducing mechanisms. It is shown, that the effect of fiber rotation and damage is essential in consideration of large deformations. To ensure the applicability to structural parts, the numerical model is validated by a large number of various angle-ply tension and off-axis compression tests, fabricated of the same carbon/epoxy IM material. Public Funded Projects n DFG project DR 204/5-1, G8 n STMWIVT project ComBo n BMBF project MAIdesign n BMBF project transhybrid n BMBF project MAIprofil n BMBF project MAIform n BMBF project MAITAI n BMBF project MAIhiras+handle n BFS project FORCiM3A n EU project LeeTorb Roadmap and data flow for generating a realistic unit cell model for braided composite materials Material Behavior and Testing Four-point bending test (left) and double-cantilever-beam (DCB) mode I fracture toughness test (right) performed at static loading. The Material Behavior and Testing group focuses on the investigation of the material response of fiber-reinforced polymer matrix composites. At the testing laboratories of the LCC a broad spectrum of state-of-the-art test methods and equipment is available, covering thermo-analytical methods, rheology and microscopy, experimental methods to measure permeability and drapability of UD and textile preforms, as well as static and high strain rate mechanical testing. An important focus of the group is on the area of high strain rate testing, where split Hopkinson bars for compression, tension Institute for Carbon Composites 97

5 and torsional loading, installed in 2012 and 2013, are used to reach strain rates of up to 1000 s-1. In 2014 and various aerospace composite materials were investigated under tension and compression loads at impact rates of strain (bird strike scenario). Recently the focus is on the development and testing of high strength tension specimens (e.g. UD glass-fiber composite and fiber-metal laminates) as well as the investigation of the fracture toughness properties of composite materials. Failure envelope for combined compression-shear loading of 5-harness-satin weave carbon-epoxy at static loading (qs) and high strain rates of 200 s-1 (ir) and 1000 s-1 (hr) [Koerber et al. Int J Solids Struct 54, ]. High strain rate UD glass-epoxy tension specimen installed in split-hopkinson tension bar (SHTB). Research Focus n Process technology for fibers and textiles n Process technology for matrix systems n Simulation n Material behavior and testing Competence The LCC takes an interdisciplinary approach to research, extending from raw materials through implementation of manufacturing technologies to complete composite components. With specially developed simulation methods, the composite manufacturing process chain can be represented virtually. Courses n Materials and Process Technologies for Carbon Composites n Composite Materials and Structureproperty Relationship n Analysis and Design of Composite Structures n Production Technologies for Composite Parts n Process Simulation and Material Modeling of Composites n Carbon and Graphite High Performance Materials for Key Industries n Supply Chain and Value Creation Composites Infrastructure n Composite technical lab Preforming and Thermoset Injection Technology n Composite technical lab Thermoplastic Technology n Composite test labor n Computing cluster 98 Institute for Carbon Composites

6 Management Prof. Dr.-Ing. Klaus Drechsler, Director Dr. mont. Elisabeth Ladstätter Adjunct Professors Dr.-Ing. Oswin Öttinger Dr.-Ing. Christian Weimer Administrative and Technical Staff Cigdem Filker Diana Zinke Gabriele Uruk Daniel Amrein, B.Sc. Helmut Josef Dick Georg Lerchl Thomas Witteczek Reiner Rauch Research Scientists Dipl.-Ing. Andreas Altmann Luciano Avila Gray, M.Sc. Dipl.-Ing. Paul Bockelmann Dipl.-Ing. Philipp Bruckbauer Dipl.-Ing. Christoph Ebel Dipl.-Ing. Ludwig Eberl Dipl.-Ing. Stefan Ehard Dipl.-Ing. Ralf Engelhardt Dipl.-Ing. Philipp Fahr Dipl.-Ing. Petra Fröhlich Thorsten Gröne, MBA Dipl.-Ing. Thorsten Hans Dipl.-Des. Benjamin Hansbauer Dipl.-Ing. Tobias Harbers Dipl.-Ing. Mathias Hartmann Rhena Helmus, M.Sc Dr. techn. Roland Hinterhölzl Dipl.-Ing. Philipp Hörmann Dipl.-Ing. Bernhard Horn Dipl.-Ing. Philipp Kammerhofer Dipl.-Ing. Kalle Kind Dipl.-Ing. Andreas Kollmannsberger Dr. Hannes Körber Theodosia Kourkoutsaki, M.Sc. Dipl.-Ing. Jan Krollmann Peter Kuhn, M.Sc. Christian Lemke, M.Sc. Dipl.-Ing. Roland Lichtinger Dipl.-Ing. Dr. Neven Majic Dipl.-Ing. Ulrich Mandel Alexane Margossian, M.Sc. Dipl.-Tech. Math. Natalie Mayer Dipl.-Ing. Reinhold Meier Dipl.-Ing. Felix Michl Dipl.-Ing. Andreas Mierzwa Dipl.-Ing. Maximilian Mitwalsky Dipl.-Ing. Johannes Neumayer Jonathan Oelhafen, M.Sc. Dipl.-Ing. Philipp Picard Marina Plöckl, M.Sc. Dipl.-Ing. Veronika Radlmaier Dipl.-Ing. Maximilian Schäfer Dipl.-Ing. Philipp Maximilian Schäfer Dipl.-Ing. David Schultheiß Dipl.-Ing. Alexander Schwingenschlögl Dipl.-Ing. Robin Taubert Dipl.-Ing. Daniel Teufl Dipl.-Ing. Tobias Wehrkamp-Richter Dipl.-Ing. Jakob Weiland Dipl.-Ing. Thomas Wettemann Dipl.-Ing. Swen Zaremba Institute for Carbon Composites 99

7 Publications n Altmann, A.; Gesell, P.; Drechsler, K.: Strength prediction of ply waviness in composite materials considering matrix dominated effects. Composite Structures 127,, n Altmann, A.; Taubert, R.; Mandel, U.; Hinterhölzl, R.; Drechsler, K.: A continuum damage model to predict the influence of ply waviness on stiffness and strength in ultra-thick unidirectional fiber-reinforced plastics. Journal of Composite Materials, n Arnold, M.; Henne, M.; Bender, K.; Drechsler, K.: Polyamide 12 modified with nanoparticles: effect on impact behaviour and on the electrical conductivity of carbon fibre-reinforced epoxy composites. Journal of Composite Materials, n Fischer, B.; Horn, B.; Bartelt, C.; Blößl, Y.: Method for an Automated Optimization of Fiber Patch Placement Layup Designs. International Journal of Composite Materials Vol. 5 (No. 2),, pp n Hans, T.; Cichosz, J.; Brand, M.; Hinterhölzl, R.: Finite element simulation of the braiding process for arbitrary mandrel shapes. Composites Part A: Applied Science and Manufacturing, n Helmus, R.; Centea, T.; Hubert, P.; Hinterholzl, R.: Out-of-autoclave prepreg consolidation: Coupled air evacuation and prepreg impregnation modeling. Journal of Composite Materials, n Helmus, R.; Hinterhölzl, R.; Hubert, P.: A Stochastic Approach to Model Material Variation Determining Tow Impregnation in Out-of-Autoclave Prepreg Consolidation. Composites Part A: Applied Science and Manufacturing, n Kourkoutsaki, T.; Comas-Cardona, S.; Binetruy, C.; Upadhyay, R.K.; Hinterhoelzl, R.: The impact of air evacuation on the impregnation time of out-ofautoclave prepregs. Composites Part A: Applied Science and Manufacturing 79,, n Körber, H.; Xavier, J.; Camanho, P.P.; Essa, Y.E.; Martín de la Escalera, F.: High strain rate behaviour of 5-harness-satin weave fabric carbon-epoxy composite under compression and combined compression-shear loading. International Journal of Solids and Structures, n Lichtinger, R.; Hörmann, P.; Stelzl, D.; Hinterhölzl, R.: The effects of heat input on adjacent paths during automated fibre placement. Composites Part A: Applied Science and Manufacturing, n Mandel, Ulrich; Taubert, Robin; Hinterhölzl, Roland: Mechanism based nonlinear constitutive model for composite laminates subjected to large deformations. Composite Structures 132,, n Margossian, A.; Bel, S.; Hinterhoelzl, R.: Bending characterization of a molten unidirectional carbon fibre reinforced thermoplastic composite using a Dynamic Mechanical Analysis system. Composites Part A: Applied Science and Manufacturing 77,, n Neumayer, J.; Kuhn, P.; Körber, H.; Hinterhölzl, R.: Experimental Determination of the Tensile and Shear Behaviour of Adhesives Under Impact Loading. The Journal of Adhesion,, n Oblinger, C.; Lang, H.; Drechsler, K.: CFK/ Metall-Mischbauweisen im Maschinen und Anlagenbau wichtiger denn je. Umwelt-Technologie und Energie in Bayern,, n Radlmaier, V.; Ehard, S.; Ladstätter, E.; Drechsler, K.: Thermoplastic Automated Fiber Placement - Current Fields of Application and Future Prospects. JEC Composites Magazine (97),, pp n Swery, E. E.; Meier, R.; Lomov, S. V.; Drechsler, K.; Kelly, P.: Predicting permeability based on flow simulations and textile modelling techniques: Comparison with experimental values and verification of FlowTex solver using Ansys CFX. Journal of Composite Materials, n Taubert, R.; Mandel, U.; Hinterhölzl, R.: Study of layup influences on the nonlinear behavior of composites by evaluation of ply stiffness reduction. Composites Part A: Applied Science and Manufacturing 79,, n Taubert, R.; Mandel, U.; Hinterhölzl, R.: Study of layup influences on the nonlinear behavior of composites by evaluation of ply stiffness reduction. Composites Part A: Applied Science and Manufacturing 79,, n Teufl, D.; Ladstätter, E.; Drechsler, K.: Reduction of cure cycle time through microwave curing: a vision for the near future. JEC Composites Magazine (100),, n Weiland, J.; Hartmann, M.; Hinterhölzl, R.: Cure simulation with resistively in-situ heated CFRP molds: implementation and validation. Composites Part A: Applied Science and Manufacturing, n Bockelmann, P.; Drechsler, K.; Chakrabarti, A.: Research on development of Liquid Composite Molding parts: situation & framework. ICoRD 15 5th International Conference on Research into Design, n Brand, M.; Ladstätter, E.; Drechsler, K.: Influence of braid set up and roving size to mechanical properties of biaxial carbon fiber braids. Polymer Processing Society Conference (PPS), n Brouzoulis, J.; Fagerström, M.; Främby, J.; Krollmann, J.; Hellström, P.: Modelling of propagating delaminations in textile reinforced duroplast beams by an enriched shell element formulation. ICCM-20 20th International Conference on Composite Materials, n Bruckbauer, P.; Weiland, F.; Beier, U.; Drechsler, K.: Characterization of thermoplastic/thermoset combinations potential application for joining. SAMPE Europe Conference 15 Amiens, n Eberl, L.; Kray, N.; Zaremba, S.; Drechsler, K.: Design of Through Thickness Reinforced Composite/Metal Joints With the Help of Finite Element Analysis and Quasistatic Testing Using Digital Image Correlation. CAMX The Composites and Advanced Materials Expo, n Eberl, L.; Zaremba, S.; Drechlser, K.: Through Thickness Reinforced Composite/Metal Joints The Impact of the Pinning Technology on The Joint s Tensile Strength. ICCM-20 20th International Conference on Composite Materials, n Fahr, P.; Hinterhölzl, R.: Evaluation of an analytical analysis method for interference fit assemblies focusing on thick-walled parts based on experimental data. ICCM-20 20th International Conference on Composite Materials, n Gstrein, G.; Kurzböck, C.; Opelka, J-M.; Krollmann, J.: Simulation and testing of adaptive FRP-substructures for automotive safety. 24th International Technical Conference on the Enhanced Safety of Vehicles (ESV), n Hans, T.; Hinterhölzl, R.: A numerical approach modeling the braiding process for arbitrary mandrel shapes to calculate preform properties. ICCM th International Conference on Composite Materials, n Harbers, T.; Ebel, C.; Drechsler, K.; Endres, A.; Müller, G.: Wetlaid nonwovens made from recycled carbon fiber for automotive applications. SAMPE Baltimore, n Helmus, R.; Hinterhölzl, R.; Hubert, P.: A stochastic approach to model void formation during out-ofautoclave prepreg consoldiation. ICCM-20 20th International Conference on Composite Materials, 100 Institute for Carbon Composites

8 n Horn, B.; Sattler, S.; Ebel, C.; Drechsler, K.: Cutting strategies of long fiber patch preforms for structures with complex fiber architecture. ICCM-20 20th International Conference on Composite Materials, n Höck, B.; Regnet, M.; Fröhlich, A.; Wolff, M.; Ehard, S.; Sause, M.; Kupke, M.; Schullerer, G.: Successful development and monitoring of CRFP manufacturing technologies. 64. Deutscher Luft- und Raumfahrtkongress, n Höck, B.; Regnet, M.; Fröhlich, A.; Wolff, M.; Ehard, S.; Sause, M.; Pfister, O.; Schullerer, G.: Successful development and monitoring of CFRP manufacturing technologies. 66th International Astronautical Congress, n Jürgens, M.; Kurtovic, A.; Mertens, T.; Kolb, M.; Greitemeier, D.; Lang, H.; Hombergsmeier, E.; Drechsler, K.: Influence of surface treatment and design of 3D-reinforcements on delamination resistance & mechanical properties of CFRP/CFRP joints under static & fatigue loading. ICCM-20 20th International Conference on Composite Materials, n Jürgens, M.; Kurtovic, A.; Mertens, T.; Nogueira, A.C.; Lang, H.; Kolb, M.; Strobach, P.; Hombergsmeier, E.; Drechsler, K.: Effect of surface treatment for metallic z-reinforcements on interlaminar fracture toughness of CFRP/CFRP joints. SAMPE Baltimore, n Kammerhofer, P.; Zaremba, S.; Drechsler, K.: Investigation on the mechanical robustness of CFRP molds. ICCM-20 20th International Conference on Composite Materials, n Kind, K.; Drechsler, K.: Method for the production of braided CFRP bicycle rims. SAMPE Europe Conference 15 Amiens, n Kourkoutsaki, T.; Comas Cardona, S.; Masania, K.; Upadhyay, R.; Hinterhölzl, R.: A process modeling toolkit developed to address scale-up challenges of Out-of-Autoclave manufacturing. CAMX The Composites and Advanced Materials Expo, n Krollmann, J.; Snajdr, R.; Paz, M.; Zaremba, S.; Drechsler, K.: Hybrid-matrix approach: How to overcome the conflict of the matrix selection? Polymer Processing Society Conference (PPS), n Kuhn, P.; Plöckl, M.; Körber, H.: Experimental investigation of the failure envelope of unidirectional carbon-epoxy composite under high strain rate transverse and off-axis tensile loading. 11th International DYMAT Conference, n Lemke, C.; Wolfahrt, M.; Reppe, M.; Ladstätter, E.; Drechsler, K.: Disassembly of fusion-bonded thermoplastic composite structures. Second European Symposium on Aircraft Recycling, n Mandel, U.; Taubert, R.; Hinterhölzl, R.: A continuum damage approach for an efficient ultimate failure analysis with layered shell elements. 5th ECCOMAS Thematic Conference on Mechanical Response of Composites, n Mandel, U.; Taubert, R.; Hinterhölzl, R.: Laminate damage model for CFRP structures. ICCST/10 10th International Conference on Composite Science and Technology, n Margossian, A.; Bel, S.; Avila Gray, L.; Hinterhölzl, R.: Characterisation of tensile properties perpendicular to fibre direction of a unidirectional thermoplastic composite using a Dynamic Mechanical Analysis system. ESAFORM 18th International ESAFORM Conference on Material Forming, n Margossian, A.; Hörmann, P.; Zemliana, K.; Avila Gray, L.; Bel, S.; Hinterhölzl, R.: Shear characterisation of unidirectional thermoset pre-impregnated composites using a rheometre. 19èmes Journées Nationales sur les Composites, n Mayer, N.; Hinterhölzl, R.; Prowe, J.: Structural analysis of composites considering manufacturing constraints. ICCS18 18th International Conference on Composite Structures, n Oelhafen, J.; Fernandez, R.; Niefnecker, D.; Zaremba, S.; Drechsler, K.: Flow front and cure monitoring with fibre optic sensors for thick CFRP laminates. ICCM-20 20th International Conference on Composite Materials, n Plöckl, M.; Kuhn, P.; Körber, H.: Characterization of unidirectional carbon fiber reinforced polyamide-6 thermoplastic composite under longitudinal compression loading at high strain rate. 11th International DYMAT Conference, n Radlmaier, V.; Erber, A.; Brudzinski, P.-V.; Körber, H.; Drechsler, K.: Influence of different sizing on fracture toughness and flexural properties of carbon fiber reinforced polyphthalamide. ICCM-20 20th International Conference on Composite Materials, n Radlmaier, V.; Obermeier, G.; Ehard, S.; Kollmannsberger, A.; Körber, H.; Ladstätter, E.: Interlaminar Fracture Toughness of Carbon Fiber Reinforced Thermoplastic In-situ Joints. Polymer Processing Society Conference (PPS), n Schäfer, M.; Zaremba, S.; Drechsler, K.: Comparative Study on Internal and External Release Agents - Evaluation of Process Parameter Variation on Demolding Stresses. ICCM-20 20th International Conference on Composite Materials, n Schäfer, P.; Staden, M.; Zaremba, S.; Drechsler, K.: Material characterization for determining the consolidation properties of carbon fiber tapes with PA 6 matrix. ICCM-20 20th International Conference on Composite Materials, n Taubert, R.; Mandel, U.; Hinterhölzl, R.: Influence of the stacking sequence on the nonlinear material behvior of composite laminates related to large deformations. ICCST/10 10th International Conference on Composite Science and Technology, n Teufl, D.; Zaremba, S.; Drechsler, K.: Adjustment of 2.45 GHz Microwave Absorbing Heating Layers for Tooling Applications. Polymer Processing Society Conference (PPS), n Treffler, R.; Fröschl, J.; Drechsler, K.; Ladstätter, E.: Modelling and simulation of randomly oriented carbon fibre-reinforced composites under thermal load. MPPE International Conference on Materials, Processing and Product Engineering, n Treffler, R.; Fröschl, J.; Ladstätter, E.: Einsatz wirrfaserverstärkter Duroplaste in thermomechanisch belasteten Strukturbauteilen im Fahrzeugbau. 42. Tagung DVM-Arbeitskreis Betriebsfestigkeit, n Weiland, J.; Hartmann, M.; Hinterhölzl, R.: Characterization and numerical investigation of an RTM cure process with CFRP molds and independent heat patches. ICCM-20 20th International Conference on Composite Materials, Institute for Carbon Composites 101