MANAGED LANES: THE NUTS AND BOLTS

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1 MANAGED LANES: THE NUTS AND BOLTS An examination of design, operations, and pricing options David H. Ungemah National Managed Lanes Director (720) Managed Lanes: Nuts and Bolts, Parsons Brinckerhoff, /1/2013 1

2 DEVELOPING YOUR MANAGED LANE SYSTEM Design Lane Separation Access Design Operations Occupancy Policies Enforcement Pricing System Design Managed Lanes: Nuts and Bolts, Parsons Brinckerhoff, /1/2013 2

3 NOT ALL MANAGED LANES ARE THE SAME Convert HOV Lanes Anticipate More Benefits to All Travelers Overused HOV I-85 Atlanta Underused HOV I-25 Denver I-15 Salt Lake City SR-167 Seattle I-394 Minneapolis Build New Lanes Anticipate Less Benefits to All Travelers Convert + Build I-15 San Diego I-95 Miami I-495 Virginia Build Only SR-91 Orange County I-10 Houston Managed Lanes: Nuts and Bolts, Parsons Brinckerhoff, /1/2013 3

4 KEY RESEARCH REFERENCES NCHRP Development of a HOV Systems Manual NCHRP Congestion Pricing and Investment Requirements, Changes in Travel Behavior / Demand Due to Managed Lanes Facility System Expansion, and Road Pricing Communication Practices NCHRP Assessing Highway Tolling and Pricing Options NCHRP Guidelines for Evaluation and Performance Measurement of Congestion Pricing Projects NCHRP Road Pricing for Congestion Management and Compilation of Public Opinion Data on Tolls and Road Pricing NCHRP Update of the HOV and Park and Ride Facilities Design Guides SHRP-2 C04 Improving Our Understanding of How Highway Congestion and Pricing Affect Travel Demand FHWA Priced Managed Lane Guide Managed Lanes: Nuts and Bolts, Parsons Brinckerhoff, /1/2013 4

5 SEPARATION AND ACCESS TREATMENTS Initial managed lanes were physically separated with direct access provided SR-91 I-25 I-15 I-10 Managed Lanes: Nuts and Bolts, Parsons Brinckerhoff, /1/2013 5

6 SEPARATION AND ACCESS TREATMENTS Today, they are more integrated into the freeway with less physical separation SR-167 I-95 I-85 I-35W Managed Lanes: Nuts and Bolts, Parsons Brinckerhoff, /1/2013 6

7 SEPARATION AND ACCESS TREATMENTS Utilizing buffer separation with multiple access zones, near continuous access, or continuous access I-35W I-85 Managed Lanes: Nuts and Bolts, Parsons Brinckerhoff, /1/2013 7

8 SEPARATION AND ACCESS TREATMENTS MUTCD (2009) guidance : Prohibited access segments consist of double-solid white lines on either side of the buffer and chevron markings if the buffer is wider than 4 feet. Managed Lanes: Nuts and Bolts, Parsons Brinckerhoff, /1/2013 8

9 SEPARATION AND ACCESS TREATMENTS MUTCD (2009) guidance: Discouraged access segments consist of two solid white lines with no defined width for discouraged access segment. Managed Lanes: Nuts and Bolts, Parsons Brinckerhoff, /1/2013 9

10 SEPARATION AND ACCESS TREATMENTS MUTCD (2009) guidance: Permitted (continuous) access segments should consist of single or double wide broken lines without buffer. Managed Lanes: Nuts and Bolts, Parsons Brinckerhoff, /1/

11 SEPARATION AND ACCESS TREATMENTS National Express Lanes facilities have utilized all three MUTCD defined approaches. I-680 (Alameda County) I-35W (Minneapolis, MN) I-15 (Salt Lake City, UT) Managed Lanes: Nuts and Bolts, Parsons Brinckerhoff, /1/

12 SEPARATION AND ACCESS TREATMENTS Channelizers are used on several facilities to more clearly delineate Express Lanes 42 inches high with up to 12 foot separation Buffer width directly affects rate of vehicle striking I-95 (Miami, FL) I-10 (Houston, TX) Managed Lanes: Nuts and Bolts, Parsons Brinckerhoff, /1/

13 SEPARATION AND ACCESS TREATMENTS Barriers are increasingly rare due to cost 2 foot barrier, 10 foot separation on each side Adds 13 feet per direction to typical cross section Possibilities for differential speed limits Possibilities for differential user classes I-15 (San Diego) Managed Lanes: Nuts and Bolts, Parsons Brinckerhoff, /1/

14 SEPARATION AND ACCESS TREATMENTS For limited access facilities, the provision of merge or weave lanes is preferred over weave zones Managed Lanes: Nuts and Bolts, Parsons Brinckerhoff, /1/

15 OCCUPANCY POLICIES : Adoption of pre-existing HOV requirements 2009 current: Modify or drop HOV requirements HOV-2+ free at all times HOV-2+ free peak only HOV-3+ with restrictions HOV-3+ discount No HOV discount I-15 (SD) I-394 I-15 (SLC) I-25 SR 167 I-35W I-680 SR-237 / I-880 I-10 (TX) I-45 I-95 (FL) I-85 I-495 SR-91* SR-91* I-635 I-35E I-95 (MD) C-470 Loop 1 Loop 375 Managed Lanes: Nuts and Bolts, Parsons Brinckerhoff, /1/

16 OCCUPANCY POLICIES Toll Toll Toll Toll Managed Lanes: Nuts and Bolts, Parsons Brinckerhoff, /1/

17 ENFORCEMENT Toll-free Abuse (23% of police contacts leading to citation) Ineligible vehicle obtaining toll-free status Illegal Movements (12%) Buffer crossings Weaving around toll zones Toll Evasion (6%) Vehicle without account Managed Lanes: Nuts and Bolts, Parsons Brinckerhoff, /1/

18 ENFORCEMENT Enforcement Visual enforcement still primary means License plate recognition for tolling Mandatory or switchable transponders Monitoring Registration programs Unrestricted use erodes active management SR-91 Managed Lanes: Nuts and Bolts, Parsons Brinckerhoff, /1/

19 PRICING SYSTEMS Points of intersection between facilities Change in business rules can affect utilization and compliance Signage message display, control, and ownership Demand balance at diverge points may require o Upstream differential pricing o Increase in diverse point capacity Managed Lanes: Nuts and Bolts, Parsons Brinckerhoff, /1/

20 PRICING SYSTEMS Enhancing Efficiency and Utilization Expand use of capacity in underutilized lanes Efficiently allocate capacity in overutilized lanes Providing Travel Travel Time Reliability Maintain reliable speeds Sustain unimpeded travel for transit Yielding Revenue to Offset Lifecycle Costs Enhance financial resources for new capacity Sustainable compensation for long-term O&M costs Managed Lanes: Nuts and Bolts, Parsons Brinckerhoff, /1/

21 PRICING SYSTEMS CONSTRAINTS Geometric issues Bottlenecks, Access, Termini Treatments Policy constraints Minimum / Maximum toll values Restrictions on net change in toll rate increase Managed Lanes: Nuts and Bolts, Parsons Brinckerhoff, /1/

22 PRICING SYSTEMS COMPONENTS System of Price Setting Time of Day Dynamic Hybrid Hours of Operation Peak Hours / Peak Direction Daytime Hours 24 Hours Exemptions Vehicle occupancy Vehicle class Communication of Price Fixed variable fee schedule In-field price displays Lock-in of Price Lock-in by segment(s) Lock-in for destination(s) Overrides Degradation in express lanes Diversion during incidents Managed Lanes: Nuts and Bolts, Parsons Brinckerhoff, /1/

23 UPCOMING TRB RESEARCH / ACTIVITIES NCHRP 15-49: Guidelines for Implementing Managed Lanes Provide singular guidance to assist in implementing managed lanes Planning, design, operations, and maintenance guidance Interactions with financing, project delivery, public outreach, enforcement, and system integration A Year of Learning: FHWA Congestion Pricing Symposium Posted on TRB Congestion Pricing Committee website (trb-pricing.org) A Year of Learning: Managed Lanes / Congestion Pricing 2014 Annual Conference All-day workshop Managed Lanes: Nuts and Bolts, Parsons Brinckerhoff, /1/

24 ADDITIONAL RESOURCES TRB Managed Lanes Committee Chair o Chuck Fuhs, fuhs@pbworld.com Website: TRB Congestion Pricing Committee Co-Chairs: o Lee Munnich, lmunnich@umn.edu o David Ungemah, ungemah@pbworld.com Website: Managed Lanes: Nuts and Bolts, Parsons Brinckerhoff, /1/

25 THANK YOU! David Ungemah Managed Lanes: Nuts and Bolts, Parsons Brinckerhoff, /1/

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