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1 Indicators of Alcohol and Other Drug Risk and Consequences for California Counties County 2010

2 Indicators of Alcohol and Other Drug Risk and Consequences for California Counties County 2010

3 TABLE OF CONTENTS Introduction... 1 Key Findings... 3 Summary of Key Indicators of Community Alcohol and Drug Use... 5 Indicator 1: Prevalence of Past Year Binge Drinking Table/Figure 1.1 Estimated Number and Percent of Persons 18 Years and Older Reporting Any Binge Drinking in the Past Year with Comparison to State Rates...6 Table/Figure 1.2 Estimated Number of Persons 18 Years and Older Reporting Any Binge Drinking in the Past Year by Gender...6 Table 1.3 Estimated Number of Persons 18 Years and Older Reporting Any Binge Drinking in the Past Year by Race/Ethnicity...7 Figure 1.3 Past Year Binge Drinking in County by Race/Ethnicity...7 Table 1.4 Estimated Number of Persons 18 Years and Older Reporting Any Binge Drinking in the Past Year by Age Category...8 Figure 1.4 Past Year Binge Drinking in County by Age Category...8 Indicator 2: Admissions to Alcohol and Other Drug Treatment Treatment Data Clarifications... 9 Table 2.1 Number of Admissions to Alcohol and Other Drug Treatment and Total Population with Comparison to Statewide Rates...9 Figure 2.1 County Treatment Admission Total Population with Comparison to Statewide Rates...9 Table 2.2 Admissions to Alcohol and Other Drug Treatment by Client Gender, Population, and Percent of Total Admissions Figure 2.2 County Treatment Admission Population by Client Gender Table 2.3 Treatment Admissions by Primary Drug Type, Percent of Total Admissions, and Population Figure 2.3 County Treatment Admission Population by Primary Drug Type Table 2.4 Admissions to Alcohol and Other Drug Treatment by Client Race/Ethnicity, Population, and Percent of Total Admissions Figure 2.4 County Treatment Admission Population by Client Race/Ethnicity Table 2.5 Admissions to Alcohol and Other Drug Treatment by Client Age Category, Population, and Percent of Total Admissions Figure 2.5 County Treatment Admission Population by Client Age Category Table 2.6 Characteristics of Clients Admitted to Alcohol and Other Drug Treatment and Population Figure 2.6 County Age of Substance Use Initiation Population Table 2.7 AOD Treatment Admissions by Primary Drug Type, Percent of Total Admissions, and Population 0 to 17 Years Figure 2.7 County Underage Treatment Admission Population 0 to 17 by Primary Drug Type Table 2.8 AOD Treatment Admissions among Youth Under Age 18 by Gender and Client Race/Ethnicity, Population 0 to 17, and Percent of Total Admissions Indicator 3: Arrests for Drug Related Crime Table 3.1 Number of Arrests for Felony and Misdemeanor Drug Offenses and Population 10 to 69 Years with Comparison to Statewide Rates Figure 3.1 County Drug Arrest Population 10 to 69 with Comparison to Statewide Rates Table 3.2 Number of Arrests for Felony and Misdemeanor Drug Offenses by Offender Gender, Population 10 to 69 Years, and Percent of Total Drug Arrests Indicators of Alcohol and Other Drug Abuse Table of Contents County, California

4 Figure 3.2 County Drug Arrest Population 10 to 69 by Offender Gender Table 3.3 Number of Arrests for Felony and Misdemeanor Drug Offenses by Specific Offense, Population 10 to 69 Years, and Percent of Total Drug Arrests Figure 3.3 County Drug Arrest Population 10 to 69 by Specific Offense Table 3.4 Number of Arrests for Felony and Misdemeanor Drug Offenses by Offender Race/Ethnicity, Population 10 to 69 Years, and Percent of Total Drug Arrests Figure 3.4 County Drug Arrest Population 10 to 69 by Offender Race/Ethnicity Table 3.5 Number of Arrests for Felony and Misdemeanor Drug Offenses by Offender Age Category, Population 10 to 69 Years, and Percent of Total Drug Arrests Figure 3.5 County Drug Arrest Population by Offender Age Category Table 3.6 Number of Arrests for Felony and Misdemeanor Drug Offenses by Gender and Race/Ethnicity among Underage Offenders, Population 10 to 17 Years, and Percent of Total Drug Arrests Indicator 4: Arrests for Alcohol Related Crime Table 4.1 Number of Arrests for Felony and Misdemeanor Alcohol Offenses and Population 10 to 69 Years with Comparison to Statewide Rates Figure 4.1 County Alcohol Arrest Population 10 to 69 with Comparison to Statewide Rates Table 4.2 Number of Arrests for Felony and Misdemeanor Alcohol Offenses by Offender Gender, Population 10 to 69 Years, and Percent of Total Alcohol Arrests Figure 4.2 County Alcohol Arrest Population 10 to 69 by Offender Gender Table 4.3 Number of Arrests for Felony and Misdemeanor Alcohol Offenses by Specific Offense, Population 10 to 69 Years, and Percent of Total Alcohol Arrests Figure 4.3 County Alcohol Arrest Population 10 to 69 by Specific Offense Table 4.4 Number of Arrests for Felony and Misdemeanor Alcohol Offenses by Offender Race/Ethnicity, Population 10 to 69 Years, and Percent of Total Alcohol Arrests Figure 4.4 County Alcohol Arrest Population 10 to 69 by Offender Race/Ethnicity Table 4.5 Number of Arrests for Felony and Misdemeanor Alcohol Offenses by Offender Age Category, Population, and Percent of Total Alcohol Arrests Figure 4.5 County Alcohol Arrest Population by Offender Age Category Table 4.6 Number of Arrests for Felony and Misdemeanor Alcohol Offenses by Gender and Race/Ethnicity among Underage Offenders, Population 10 to 17 Years, and Percent of Total Alcohol Arrests Indicator 5: Alcohol Involved Motor Vehicle Accidents Table 5.1 County Fatalities in Alcohol Involved Accidents and Total Population with Comparison to Statewide Rates Figure 5.1 County Alcohol Involved Accident Fatality Total Population with Comparison to Statewide Rates Table 5.2 Parties in Alcohol Involved Accidents Who Had Been Drinking by Party Gender, Population, and Percent of Total Figure 5.2 County Had Been Drinking Driver Population, by Party Gender Table 5.3 County Alcohol Involved Accidents by Injury Severity, Total Population, and Percent of Total Figure 5.3 County Alcohol Involved Total Population, by Injury Severity Table 5.4 Parties in Alcohol Involved Accidents Who Had Been Drinking by Party Race/Ethnicity, Population, and Percent of Total Figure 5.4 County Had Been Drinking Driver Population, by Party Race/Ethnicity Table 5.5 Parties in Alcohol Involved Accidents Who Had Been Drinking by Party Age Category, Population, and Percent of Total Figure 5.5 County Had Been Drinking Driver Population, by Party Age Category Indicators of Alcohol and Other Drug Abuse Table of Contents County, California

5 Indicator 6: Hospitalization Due to Alcohol and Drug Use Table 6.1 Hospitalizations Due to Alcohol and Drug Related Causes (Combined) and Total Population with Comparison to Statewide Rates Figure 6.1 County Alcohol and Drug Related Hospitalization Total Population with Comparison to Statewide Rates Table 6.2 Hospitalizations Due to Alcohol and Drug Related Causes (Combined) by Patient Gender, Population, and Percent of Total Admissions Figure 6.2 County AOD Related Hospitalization Population by Patient Gender Table 6.3 Hospitalizations Due to Alcohol Related Causes and Total Population with Comparison to Statewide Rates Figure 6.3 County Alcohol Related Hospitalization Total Population with Comparison to Statewide Rates Table 6.4 Hospitalizations Due to Drug Related Causes and Total Population with Comparison to Statewide Rates Figure 6.4 County Drug Related Hospitalization Total Population with Comparison to Statewide Rates Table 6.5 Hospitalizations Due to Alcohol Related Causes by Specific Cause and Total Population Table 6.6 Hospitalizations Due to Drug Related Causes by Specific Cause and Total Population Table 6.7 Hospitalizations Due to Alcohol and Drug Related Causes (Combined) by Patient Race/Ethnicity, Rate per 100,000 Population, and Percent of Hospitalizations Figure 6.5 County AOD Related Hospitalization Population by Patient Race/Ethnicity Table 6.8 Hospitalizations Due to Alcohol and Drug Related Causes (Combined) by Patient Age Category, Rate per 100,000 Population, and Percent of Hospitalizations Figure 6.6 County AOD Related Hospitalization Population by Patient Age Category Indicator 7: Deaths Due to Alcohol and Drug Use Table 7.1 Deaths Due to Alcohol and Drug Related Causes (Combined) and Age Adjusted with Comparison to Statewide Rates Figure 7.1 County Mortality Age Adjusted Total Population with Comparison to Statewide Rates Table 7.2 Deaths Due to Alcohol and Drug Related Causes (Combined) by Gender of Decedent, Total Population, and Percent of Total AOD Related Deaths Figure 7.2 County AOD Related Mortality Population by Decedent Gender Table 7.3 Deaths Due to Alcohol Related Causes and Total Population, with Comparison to Statewide Rates Figure 7.3 County Alcohol Related Mortality Population with Comparison to Statewide Rates Table 7.4 Deaths Due to Drug Related Causes and Total Population, with Comparison to Statewide Rates Figure 7.4 County Drug Related Mortality Population with Comparison to Statewide Rates Table 7.5 Deaths Due to Alcohol Related Causes by Specific Cause, and Total Population Table 7.6 Deaths Due to Drug Related Causes by Specific Cause, and Total Population Table 7.7 Deaths Due to Alcohol and Drug Related Causes (Combined) by Race/Ethnicity of Decedent, Total Population, and Percent of Total AOD Related Deaths Figure 7.5 County AOD Related Mortality Population by Decedent Race/Ethnicity Table 7.8 Deaths Due to Alcohol and Drug Related Causes (Combined) by Age Category of Decedent, Total Population, and Percent of Total AOD Related Deaths Figure 7.6 County AOD Related Mortality Population by Decedent Age Category Sources Indicators of Alcohol and Other Drug Abuse Table of Contents County, California

6 INTRODUCTION In the mid 1990s, the California Department of Alcohol and Drug Programs, in collaboration with the Center for Applied Research Solutions (CARS), Inc. began to work toward improving the state s prevention information system. A key component of this information system was the continuous collection, monitoring and reporting of selected community level indicators that would serve as direct and indirect measures of alcohol and other drug use prevalence and related problems. This information system was designed to assist with state and local prevention planning and policy making by providing useful, systematic data about prevention and treatment needs and outcomes throughout the state. The present report is the most recent product of this ongoing effort. It differs from earlier versions in a few important ways. First, while previous reports typically summarized data for more than twenty five indicators of health and social conditions that are theoretically linked to problem substance use, the current version is more streamlined, focusing on seven key indicators of AOD use and abuse prevalence and their direct consequences, including impacts on the criminal justice, health and alcohol and drug treatment systems. Second, the 2010 report updates information contained in earlier versions, but expands in its depth to summarize data for populations within the larger county, including age, gender, and race/ethnicity subgroups. This expanded detail allows for more precise analyses of alcohol and drug use problems within a county population and enhances the ability to effectively target prevention and intervention strategies to community needs. Similar to previous reports, the 2010 version includes simple analytic tools to help users interpret the information presented. This includes use of population based rates (e.g., the number of incidents relative to the total population) to make meaningful comparisons between geographic areas that differ in population size, or comparisons between differing time points. Data is presented at both the county and state level to allow county rates to be evaluated against a relative average. The overall intent of the report is to provide a simple, easy to use resource that helps synthesize the most relevant indicator data currently available to assess substance use problems, in an effort to optimize prevention planning and outcome measurement efforts in communities through the state. Specifically, it is designed to support the work of planners, policy makers, and practitioners in the field in: Determining the incidence of alcohol and other drug use problems within county populations and subpopulations; Monitoring trends in problem incidence to identify emergent issues and detect changes in status over time; Establishing program resource levels that are appropriate to address the nature and extent of prevention and treatment needs; and, Documenting progress toward achieving targeted prevention objectives and outcomes. The report contains information on several key indicators of alcohol and drug prevalence and consequences for California populations in each of the following seven indicators: 1. Household prevalence of past year binge drinking; 2. Admissions to publicly funded and/or monitored alcohol and other drug treatment facilities; 3. Arrests for drug related criminal offenses; 4. Arrests for alcohol related criminal offenses; 5. Motor vehicle accidents involving drivers who had been drinking; 6. Hospitalizations for alcohol and drug related conditions; and, 7. Mortality attributable to acute and chronic alcohol and drug use. Indicators of Alcohol and Other Drug Abuse Introduction County, California 1

7 Each report contains data compiled from several sources, including a statewide, longitudinal survey of California household populations, and state data systems housing public archival records from six central agencies, including the California Department of Justice (DOJ), the California Highway Patrol (CHP), the California Department of Public Health, Vital Statistics Section, the Office of Statewide Health Planning and Development (OSHPD), the Department of Alcohol and Drug Programs (ADP), and the University of California, (UCLA). This reliance on statewide data sources ensures that the information reported is drawn from reliable and valid measures that are routinely and uniformly collected across jurisdictions (i.e., all counties use the same data collection), allowing for comparisons over time, across counties, and between counties and the state. Indicators of Alcohol and Other Drug Abuse Introduction County, California 2

8 KEY FINDINGS Indicator 1: Prevalence of Past Year Binge Drinking Approximately 28 percent of County residents age 18 and older participated in binge drinking in 2007 compared to the statewide rate of 30 percent. Males participated in binge drinking much more frequently than females (37 percent versus 19 percent) in Indicator 2: Admissions to Alcohol and Other Drug Treatment Overall, admission rates to treatment facilities in County have increased slightly since In 2000 there were about 540 admissions per 100,000 compared to 560 admissions per 100,000 in County s AOD admission rate was lower than the state overall each year. There may be differences in detoxification and non detoxification service admission trends that affect this overall trend (see Treatment Data Clarifications section on page 9 for detail). Admissions due to methamphetamine use accounted for 19 percent of all admissions in Admissions due to alcohol use accounted for roughly 21 percent of admissions, marijuana for 20 percent of admissions, heroin for 19 percent of admissions, and crack/cocaine for 15 percent in Admission rates were highest among American Indians and Blacks, 1,792 and 1,624 per 100,000 in 2008, respectively, significantly higher than each other race/ethnicity group. The highest rate of admissions was for 25 to 34 year olds with a rate of 871 per 100,000 in The next highest rate was for 45 to 54 year olds with a rate of 805 per 100,000. The next highest rates were for 35 to 44 year olds and 18 to 24 year olds at a rate of 775 per 100,000 and 745 per 100,000, respectively. Indicator 3: Arrests for Drug Related Crime Crime rates for felony and misdemeanor drug offenses increased from 818 per 100,000 in 2000 to 934 per 100,000. County s drug arrest rate was lower than the state each year until 2007, when exceeded state rates. Arrests due to dangerous drug offenses accounted for approximately 18 percent in 2008, narcotics for roughly 28 percent of drug arrests, marijuana for 31 percent of drug arrests, and 22 percent of drug arrests in 2008 were for other drug violations. Drug arrest rates were highest among Blacks, 3,326 per 100,000 in 2008, significantly higher than each other race/ethnicity group each year. The highest rate of arrests for drug related crime was for 18 to 24 year olds with a rate of 2,112 per 100,000 in The next highest rate was for 25 to 34 year olds with a rate of 1,469 per 100,000. Indicators of Alcohol and Other Drug Abuse Key Findings County, California 3

9 Indicator 4: Arrests for Alcohol Related Crime Crime rates for felony and misdemeanor alcohol offenses decreased from 853 per 100,000 in 2000 to 795 per 100,000 in County s alcohol arrest rate was much lower than the state overall each year. Arrests due to driving under the influence accounted for approximately 70 percent in 2008, public drunkenness for roughly 23 percent of alcohol arrests, and 7 percent of alcohol arrests in 2008 were for liquor law violations. The highest rate of arrests for alcohol related crime was for 18 to 24 year olds with a rate of 1,624 per 100,000 in The next highest rate was for 25 to 34 year olds with a rate of 1,564 per 100,000. Indicator 5: Alcohol Involved Motor Vehicle Accidents The rate of fatalities in alcohol involved accidents was lower in County than in the state overall each year. Males accounted for nearly three fourths of total parties who had been drinking in alcohol involved accidents in During this year Blacks had the rate of 130 per 100,000, Hispanics had 133 per 100,000 and Whites had 100 per 100, to 24 year olds (322 per 100,000) accounted for the highest rate of parties who had been drinking in alcohol involved accidents in The next highest rate was for 18 to 24 year olds with a rate of 265 per 100,000. Indicator 6: Hospitalizations Due to Alcohol and Drug Use The rate of hospitalizations due to alcohol and drug use decreased from 244 per 100,000 in 2000 to 211 per 100,000 in County s AOD hospitalization rate was slightly higher than the state overall each year. The rate of hospitalizations due to alcohol related causes decreased from 111 per 100,000 in 2000 to 91 per 100,000 in County s alcohol related hospitalization rate was similar to the state overall each year. The rate of hospitalizations due to drug related causes decrease from 133 per 100,000 in 2000 to 120 per 100,000 in County s drug related hospitalization rate was slightly above the state overall each year. Indicator 7: Deaths Due to Alcohol and Drug Use The death rate due to alcohol and drug use decreased between 2000 and 2007 from deaths per 100,000 to deaths per 100,000. County s AOD mortality rate was lower than the state each year, starting in The death rate due to alcohol use decreased slightly between 2000 and 2007 from per 100,000 to per 100,000, slightly lower than the state each year, starting in The death rate due to drug use increased slightly between 2000 and 2007 from 7.19 per 100,000 to 7.50 per 100,000, lower than the statewide rates. Indicators of Alcohol and Other Drug Abuse Key Findings County, California 4

10 Indicators of Alcohol and Other Drug Abuse Summary of Indicators County, California 5 Key Indicators of Community Alcohol and Drug Use County y INDICATOR 1: Past Year Binge Drinking Data not available for reporting year. County Percentage of Total Respondents 27.8% State Percentage of Total Respondents 29.7% County Ranking (of 44 Counties) 34 INDICATOR 2: Admissions to Alcohol and Other Drug Treatment County Total Population State Population 10 to 69 Years County Ranking (of 49 Counties) INDICATOR 3: Arrests for Drug Related Offenses County Population 10 to 69 Years , , , State Population 10 to 69 Years , , , County Ranking (of 58 Counties) INDICATOR 4: Arrests for Alcohol Related Offenses County Population 10 to 69 Years Three Year Average State Population 10 to 69 Years 1, , , , , , , , , , County Ranking (of 58 Counties) INDICATOR 5: Alcohol Involved Motor Vehicle Accident Fatalities County Total Population State Total Population County Ranking (of 58 Counties) INDICATOR 6: Alcohol and Drug Use Hospitalizations County Total Population State Total Population County Ranking (of 50 Counties) INDICATOR 7: Deaths Due to Alcohol and Drug Use County Total Population State Total Population County Ranking (of 58 Counties)

11 Indicator 1: Prevalence of Past Year Binge Drinking The estimated number and percent of persons 18 years and older who reported any binge drinking in the past year. Table/Figure 1.1 Estimated Number and Percent of Persons 18 Years and Older Reporting Any Binge Drinking in the Past Year with Comparison to Statewide Rates 35% 30% County California 2007 County State of California 25% Estimated Number * 2,038,000 7,973,000 20% 15% Estimated Population 18 and over 7,328,000 26,874,000 10% Percent of Total Population 27.8% 29.7% 5% * Estimates rounded to the nearest thousand. 0% Table/Figure 1.2 Estimated Number of Persons 18 Years and Older Reporting Any Binge Drinking in the Past Year by Gender 2007 County State of California Male Estimated Number * 1,343,000 5,039,000 45% 40% 35% County California Estimated Population 3,587,000 13,179,000 30% Percent of Population 37.4% 38.2% 25% Female Estimated Number * 695,000 2,934,000 20% 15% Estimated Population 3,741,000 13,694,000 10% Percent of Population 18.6% 21.4% 5% * Estimates rounded to the nearest thousand. 0% Male Female Indicators of Alcohol and Other Drug Abuse Prevalence of Binge Drinking County, California 6

12 Indicator 1: Prevalence of Past Year Binge Drinking (Continued) Table 1.3 Estimated Number of Persons 18 Years and Older Reporting Any Binge Drinking in the Past Year by Race/Ethnicity 2007 County State of California American Indian Estimated Number * 6,000 55,000 Estimated Population 30, ,000 Percent of Population 18.7% 32.5% Asian/Pacific Islander Estimated Number * 195, ,000 Estimated Population 1,090,000 3,507,000 Percent of Population 17.9% 18.5% Black Estimated Number * 124, ,000 Estimated Population 629,000 1,531,000 Percent of Population 19.7% 19.6% Hispanic Estimated Number * 961,000 2,745,000 Estimated Population 3,081,000 8,469,000 Percent of Population 31.2% 32.4% White Estimated Number * 730,000 4,093,000 Estimated Population 2,400,000 12,797,000 Percent of Population 30.4% 32.0% Other Estimated Number * 23, ,000 Estimated Population 98, ,000 Percent of Population 23.3% 32.3% * Estimates rounded to the nearest thousand. 35% County California Figure 1.3 Past Year Binge Drinking in Los Angeles County by Race/Ethnicity 30% 25% 20% 15% 10% 5% 0% American Indian Asian/Pacific Islander Black Hispanic White Other Indicators of Alcohol and Other Drug Abuse Prevalence of Binge Drinking County, California 7

13 Indicator 1: Prevalence of Past Year Binge Drinking (Continued) Table 1.4 Estimated Number of Persons 18 Years and Older Reporting Any Binge Drinking in the Past Year by Age Category 2007 County State of California 18 to 24 Estimated Number * 376,000 1,620,000 Estimated Population 958,000 3,703,000 Percent of Population 39.2% 43.8% 25 to 34 Estimated Number * 598,000 2,147,000 Estimated Population 1,324,000 4,733,000 Percent of Population 45.2% 45.4% 35 to 44 Estimated Number * 462,000 1,795,000 Estimated Population 1,586,000 5,593,000 Percent of Population 29.1% 32.1% 45 to 54 Estimated Number * 360,000 1,390,000 Estimated Population 1,428,000 5,219,000 Percent of Population 25.2% 26.6% 55 to 64 Estimated Number * 171, ,000 Estimated Population 993,000 3,724,000 Percent of Population 17.2% 18.8% 65 and Over Estimated Number * 70, ,000 Estimated Population 1,039,000 3,901,000 Percent of Population 6.7% 8.2% * Estimates rounded to the nearest thousand. 50% County California Figure 1.4 Past Year Binge Drinking in Los Angeles County by Age Category 45% 40% 35% 30% 25% 20% 15% 10% 5% 0% 18 to to to to to Indicators of Alcohol and Other Drug Abuse Prevalence of Binge Drinking County, California 8

14 Indicator 2: Admissions to Alcohol and Other Drug Treatment The number of admissions to publicly funded alcohol and other drug treatment facilities in California and rate of admission per 100,000 total population. Treatment Data Clarifications Findings for Indicator 2: Admissions to Alcohol and Other Drug Treatment are based on total admissions rather than unique client counts. Clients with multiple treatment admissions during the year tend to bias the demographic and service characteristics described. These findings include admissions for both detoxification and other treatment services. Detoxification services are short term, often repeated numerous times, and used primarily for alcohol or heroin treatment. The inclusion of admissions to detoxification services biases the demographic and service characteristics described. The Substance Abuse Crime Prevention Act (SACPA) was implemented in July Clients referred by the criminal justice system compete for limited treatment services resources and are often given priority over clients referred by other sources. In 2000, criminal justice referrals made up only 26 percent of all admissions. By 2004, criminal justice referrals made up 42% of the admissions. The influx of these clients with their specific demographic and service characteristics impact the makeup of the treatment population described in the key findings. For instance, clients referred by the criminal justice system rarely use detoxification services, and more often have a primary drug other than alcohol. Also, SACPA referred clients do not frequently use narcotic replacement treatment for heroin/opiate abuse. Consequently, the number of admissions to detoxification services has decreased as well as the number of admissions with alcohol or heroin as their primary drug problem compared with pre SACPA levels. Table 2.1 Number of Admissions to Alcohol and Other Drug Treatment and Total Population with Comparison to Statewide Rates Number of Treatment Admissions 51,742 54,055 57,967 58,724 52,005 57,407 56,081 56,706 58,165 Total Population 9,578,960 9,747,138 9,910,245 10,046,518 10,152,410 10,216,326 10,262,451 10,323,161 10,385, CALIFORNIA Figure 2.1 County Treatment Admission Rate per 100,000 Total Population with Comparison to Statewide Rates County California Indicators of Alcohol and Other Drug Abuse Alcohol and Drug Treatment County, California 9

15 Indicator 2: Admissions to Alcohol and Other Drug Treatment (Continued) Table/Figure 2.2 Admissions to Alcohol and Other Drug Treatment by Client Gender, Population, and Percent of Total Admissions TOTAL ADMISSIONS 51,742 54,055 57,967 58,724 52,005 57,407 56,081 56,706 58,165 Male 34,439 35,945 38,782 39,334 34,820 38,258 36,640 36,947 37,717 Population 4,736,791 4,827,581 4,915,567 4,988,257 5,043,902 5,076,289 5,096,556 5,124,536 5,153, Percent of Total 66.6% 66.5% 66.9% 67.0% 67.0% 66.6% 65.3% 65.2% 64.8% Female 17,303 18,110 19,185 19,390 17,185 19,149 19,370 19,725 20,428 Population 4,842,169 4,919,557 4,994,678 5,058,261 5,108,508 5,140,037 5,165,895 5,198,625 5,232, Percent of Total 33.4% 33.5% 33.1% 33.0% 33.0% 33.4% 34.5% 34.8% 35.1% Unknown Percent of Total 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.1% 0.1% 0.0% Figure 2.2 County Treatment Admission Rate per 100,000 Population by Client Gender Male Female Indicators of Alcohol and Other Drug Abuse Alcohol and Drug Treatment County, California 10

16 Indicator 2: Admissions to Alcohol and Other Drug Treatment (Continued) Table 2.3 Treatment Admissions by Primary Drug Type, Percent of Total Admissions, and Population TOTAL ADMISSIONS 51,742 54,055 57,967 58,724 52,005 57,407 56,081 56,706 58,165 Methamphetamines 4,694 7,565 10,175 11,727 12,593 15,075 13,487 12,334 10,806 Percent of Total 9.1% 14.0% 17.6% 20.0% 24.2% 26.3% 24.0% 21.8% 18.6% Alcohol 9,357 9,781 10,567 11,035 9,114 9,981 10,025 11,105 12,471 Percent of Total 18.1% 18.1% 18.2% 18.8% 17.5% 17.4% 17.9% 19.6% 21.4% Marijuana 4,692 6,521 7,644 7,824 7,933 8,942 9,404 10,716 11,675 Percent of Total 9.1% 12.1% 13.2% 13.3% 15.3% 15.6% 16.8% 18.9% 20.1% Heroin 21,971 17,479 15,461 14,406 11,220 11,276 11,098 10,672 10,935 Percent of Total 42.5% 32.3% 26.7% 24.5% 21.6% 19.6% 19.8% 18.8% 18.8% Crack/Cocaine 9,083 10,153 11,098 10,761 9,058 9,864 9,525 8,947 8,947 Percent of Total 17.6% 18.8% 19.1% 18.3% 17.4% 17.2% 17.0% 15.8% 15.4% Other Drugs 1,945 2,556 3,022 2,971 2,087 2,269 2,542 2,932 3,331 Percent of Total 3.8% 4.7% 5.2% 5.1% 4.0% 4.0% 4.5% 5.2% 5.7% Figure 2.3 County Treatment Admission Rate per 100,000 Population by Primary Drug Type Meth Alcohol Marijuana Heroin Crack/Cocaine Other Drugs Indicators of Alcohol and Other Drug Abuse Alcohol and Drug Treatment County, California 11

17 Indicator 2: Admissions to Alcohol and Other Drug Treatment (Continued) Table 2.4 Admissions to Alcohol and Other Drug Treatment by Client Race/Ethnicity, Population, and Percent of Total Admissions TOTAL ADMISSIONS 51,742 54,055 57,967 58,724 52,005 57,407 56,081 56,706 58,165 American Indian Population 27,187 28,143 29,051 29,566 29,718 29,778 29,946 30,240 30,530 1, , , , , , , , , Percent of Total 0.8% 0.8% 1.0% 0.8% 0.9% 0.8% 0.9% 1.1% 0.9% Asian/Pacific Islander ,127 1, , ,120 1,116 Population 1,189,585 1,234,097 1,277,232 1,308,338 1,326,820 1,327,817 1,344,914 1,366,017 1,386, Percent of Total 1.6% 1.8% 1.9% 1.9% 1.8% 1.9% 1.8% 2.0% 1.9% Black 12,870 13,156 14,066 13,892 11,547 12,763 13,227 13,422 14,407 Population 910, , , , , , , , ,951 1, , , , , , , , , Percent of Total 24.9% 24.3% 24.3% 23.7% 22.2% 22.2% 23.6% 23.7% 24.8% Hispanic 18,712 19,655 20,664 20,872 21,609 25,046 24,022 24,242 24,093 Population 4,273,914 4,379,277 4,482,535 4,578,294 4,666,225 4,743,483 4,805,246 4,870,855 4,938, Percent of Total 36.2% 36.4% 35.6% 35.5% 41.6% 43.6% 42.8% 42.8% 41.4% White 16,171 16,797 18,091 18,721 15,411 16,594 15,684 15,735 16,546 Population 3,045,819 3,050,717 3,055,097 3,056,381 3,052,367 3,038,609 3,010,955 2,987,008 2,962, Percent of Total 31.3% 31.1% 31.2% 31.9% 29.6% 28.9% 28.0% 27.7% 28.4% Other 2,716 3,026 3,467 3,622 2,039 1,433 1,650 1,572 1,456 Percent of Total 5.2% 5.6% 6.0% 6.2% 3.9% 2.5% 2.9% 2.8% 2.5% Figure 2.4 County Treatment Admission Rate per 100,000 Population by Client Race/ Ethnicity 2,500 2,000 1,500 1, American Indian Asian/Pacific Islander Black Hispanic White Indicators of Alcohol and Other Drug Abuse Alcohol and Drug Treatment County, California 12

18 Indicator 2: Admissions to Alcohol and Other Drug Treatment (Continued) Table 2.5 Admissions to Alcohol and Other Drug Treatment by Client Age Category, Population, and Percent of Total Admissions TOTAL ADMISSIONS 51,742 54,055 57,967 58,724 52,005 57,407 56,081 56,706 58, Years and Under 3,977 5,944 6,456 6,828 6,987 7,739 8,690 9,483 10,021 Population 2,690,723 2,745,361 2,800,059 2,841,025 2,864,682 2,869,513 2,849,456 2,828,280 2,796, Percent of Total 7.7% 11.0% 11.1% 11.6% 13.4% 13.5% 15.5% 16.7% 17.2% 18 to 24 Years 5,004 6,160 7,388 7,821 7,369 8,326 7,377 7,350 7,584 Population 967, , , , , , , ,087 1,017, Percent of Total 9.7% 11.4% 12.7% 13.3% 14.2% 14.5% 13.2% 13.0% 13.0% 25 to 34 Years 11,837 12,258 13,064 13,147 11,254 12,438 11,562 11,523 11,597 Population 1,574,224 1,550,962 1,519,441 1,478,379 1,432,407 1,384,515 1,355,893 1,339,723 1,332, Percent of Total 22.9% 22.7% 22.5% 22.4% 21.6% 21.7% 20.6% 20.3% 19.9% 35 to 44 Years 18,642 17,884 18,452 17,325 14,277 15,235 13,787 12,885 12,419 Population 1,534,249 1,574,921 1,609,894 1,633,703 1,650,610 1,653,577 1,644,344 1,628,337 1,602,281 1, , , , Percent of Total 36.0% 33.1% 31.8% 29.5% 27.5% 26.5% 24.6% 22.7% 21.4% 45 to 54 Years 10,078 9,590 10,240 10,860 9,523 10,693 11,032 11,459 11,968 Population 1,168,108 1,227,741 1,278,719 1,325,679 1,367,255 1,403,096 1,431,787 1,459,973 1,486, Percent of Total 19.5% 17.7% 17.7% 18.5% 18.3% 18.6% 19.7% 20.2% 20.6% 55 to 64 Years 1,922 1,946 2,081 2,397 2, Population 706, , , , , , ,321 1,001,131 1,037, Percent of Total 3.7% 3.6% 3.6% 4.1% 4.4% 4.4% 5.4% 6.0% 6.6% 65 Years and Older Population 937, , ,594 1,018,069 1,041,246 1,056,874 1,069,995 1,088,630 1,112, Percent of Total 0.5% 0.5% 0.5% 0.6% 0.6% 0.8% 1.1% 1.1% 1.3% Figure 2.5 County Treatment Admission Rate per 100,000 Population by Client Age Category 1,400 1,200 1, to to to to to to Indicators of Alcohol and Other Drug Abuse Alcohol and Drug Treatment County, California 13

19 Indicator 2: Admissions to Alcohol and Other Drug Treatment (Continued) Table 2.6 Characteristics of Clients Admitted to Alcohol and Other Drug Treatment and Population TOTAL COUNTY ADMISSIONS 51,742 54,055 57,967 58,724 52,005 57,407 56,081 56,706 58,165 Age Initiated Substance Use Under Age ,173 1,309 1,040 1,997 2,096 2,823 2,842 Rate Per 100, Age 11 to 12 3,035 3,776 3,991 3,947 3,691 4,108 4,410 4,470 4,859 Rate Per 100, Age 13 to 14 6,794 8,505 8,915 8,969 8,286 9,164 9,076 9,103 9,402 Rate Per 100, Age 15 to 17 12,248 12,822 14,200 14,560 12,647 13,732 13,033 13,845 14,855 Rate Per 100, Age 18 to 20 9,635 9,357 9,858 10,020 8,810 9,722 9,644 9,505 9,188 Rate Per 100, Age 21 and Older 18,210 17,652 18,971 19,068 16,807 18,660 17,822 16,960 17,019 Rate Per 100, IV Drug Users Number 22,400 18,383 16,670 15,545 12,296 12,332 11,331 10,569 10,850 Rate Per 100, Pregnant Number Female Population 4,842,169 4,919,557 4,994,678 5,058,261 5,108,508 5,140,037 5,165,895 5,198,625 5,232,179 Rate Per 100, Figure 2.6 County Age of Substance Use Initiation Rate per 100,000 Population Under Age 10 Age 11 to 12 Age 13 to 14 Age 15 to 17 Age 18 to 20 Age 21 and Older Indicators of Alcohol and Other Drug Abuse Alcohol and Drug Treatment County, California 14

20 Indicator 2: Admissions to Alcohol and Other Drug Treatment (Continued) Table 2.7 AOD Treatment Admissions by Primary Drug Type, Percent of Total Admissions, and Population 0 to 17 Years TOTAL ADMISSIONS UNDER AGE 18 3,977 5,944 6,456 6,828 6,987 7,739 8,690 9,483 10,021 Methamphetamines ,167 1, Population 0 to 17 1,139,490 1,172,252 1,204,907 1,233,543 1,251,715 2,869,513 2,849,456 2,828,280 2,796,694 Percent of Total 5.2% 7.8% 9.4% 13.7% 16.7% 17.2% 10.7% 7.2% 3.9% Alcohol 944 1,466 1,540 1,655 1,501 1,532 1,762 2,002 2,131 Population 0 to 17 1,139,490 1,172,252 1,204,907 1,233,543 1,251,715 2,869,513 2,849,456 2,828,280 2,796,694 Percent of Total 23.7% 24.7% 23.9% 24.2% 21.5% 19.8% 20.3% 21.1% 21.3% Marijuana 2,497 3,633 3,935 3,845 3,986 4,432 5,198 5,768 6,320 Population 0 to 17 1,139,490 1,172,252 1,204,907 1,233,543 1,251,715 2,869,513 2,849,456 2,828,280 2,796,694 Percent of Total 62.8% 61.1% 61.0% 56.3% 57.0% 57.3% 59.8% 60.8% 63.1% Heroin Population 0 to 17 1,139,490 1,172,252 1,204,907 1,233,543 1,251,715 2,869,513 2,849,456 2,828,280 2,796,694 Percent of Total 0.8% 0.6% 0.4% 0.4% 0.5% 0.6% 0.4% 0.6% 0.6% Crack/Cocaine Population 0 to 17 1,139,490 1,172,252 1,204,907 1,233,543 1,251,715 2,869,513 2,849,456 2,828,280 2,796,694 Percent of Total 3.8% 2.3% 2.7% 2.5% 1.6% 1.3% 1.3% 1.2% 1.0% Other Drugs ,024 Population 0 to 17 1,139,490 1,172,252 1,204,907 1,233,543 1,251,715 2,869,513 2,849,456 2,828,280 2,796,694 Percent of Total 3.6% 3.4% 2.6% 2.9% 2.6% 3.7% 7.6% 9.1% 10.2% Figure 2.7 County Underage Treatment Admission Rate per 100,000 Population 0 to 17 by Primary Drug Type Meth Alcohol Marijuana Heroin Crack/Cocaine Other Drugs Indicators of Alcohol and Other Drug Abuse Alcohol and Drug Treatment County, California 15

21 Indicator 2: Admissions to Alcohol and Other Drug Treatment (Continued) Table 2.8 AOD Treatment Admissions among Youth Under Age 18 by Client Gender and Race/Ethnicity, Population 0 to 17 Years, and Percent of Total Admissions TOTAL ADMISSIONS UNDER AGE 18 3,977 5,944 6,456 6,828 6,987 7,739 8,690 9,483 10,021 Male 2,712 3,970 4,285 4,640 4,759 5,146 5,464 6,104 6,470 Population 0 to 17 1,377,881 1,403,988 1,430,524 1,451,146 1,463,038 1,465,801 1,455,601 1,444,577 1,428, Percent of Total 68.2% 66.8% 66.4% 68.0% 68.1% 66.5% 62.9% 64.4% 64.6% Female 1,265 1,974 2,171 2,188 2,228 2,593 3,213 3,374 3,551 Population 0 to 17 1,312,842 1,341,373 1,369,535 1,389,879 1,401,644 1,403,712 1,393,855 1,383,703 1,368, Percent of Total 31.8% 33.2% 33.6% 32.0% 31.9% 33.5% 37.0% 35.6% 35.4% Unknown Percent of Total 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.1% 0.1% 0.0% American Indian Population 0 to 17 6,802 6,772 6,719 6,535 6,203 5,900 5,727 5,578 5, , , Percent of Total 0.4% 0.3% 0.5% 0.3% 0.4% 0.3% 0.5% 1.9% 1.2% Asian/Pacific Islander Population 0 to , , , , , , , , , Percent of Total 3.1% 3.1% 3.4% 2.6% 2.1% 2.2% 1.6% 2.1% 1.4% Black ,033 1,041 1,144 1,345 2,129 2,042 2,497 Population 0 to , , , , , , , , , , Percent of Total 16.5% 16.1% 16.0% 15.2% 16.4% 17.4% 24.5% 21.5% 24.9% Hispanic 2,121 3,566 3,942 4,324 4,710 5,226 5,332 6,000 6,358 Population 0 to 17 1,555,096 1,607,582 1,662,950 1,708,904 1,742,160 1,760,884 1,756,918 1,752,313 1,739,437 Rate per 100, Percent of Total 53.3% 60.0% 61.1% 63.3% 67.4% 67.5% 61.4% 63.3% 63.4% White Population 0 to , , , , , , , , , Percent of Total 14.0% 12.7% 13.0% 12.0% 10.3% 10.2% 8.7% 7.9% 6.1% Other Percent of Total 12.7% 7.8% 6.1% 6.5% 3.3% 2.3% 3.5% 3.3% 3.0% Indicators of Alcohol and Other Drug Abuse Alcohol and Drug Treatment County, California 16

22 Indicator 3: Arrests for Drug Related Crime The number of felony and misdemeanor arrests for drug crimes, including dangerous drugs, narcotics, marijuana, and other drug violations and rate per 100,000 population 10 to 69 years. Table 3.1 Number of Arrests for Felony and Misdemeanor Drug Offenses and Population 10 to 69 Years with Comparison to Statewide Rates Number of Drug Related Arrests 60,109 62,233 63,217 71,791 77,064 80,413 81,345 81,255 75,981 Population 10 to 69 7,349,206 7,479,389 7,614,420 7,736,498 7,841,763 7,922,813 7,999,978 8,074,512 8,139, , , , CALIFORNIA , , , Figure 3.1 County Drug Arrest Rate per 100,000 Population 10 to 69 with Comparison to Statewide Rates 1,100 1,050 1, County California Table 3.2 Number of Arrests for Felony and Misdemeanor Drug Offenses by Offender Gender, Population 10 to 69 Years, and Percent of Total Drug Arrests TOTAL ARRESTS 60,109 62,233 63,217 71,791 77,064 80,413 81,345 81,255 75,981 Male 49,254 50,916 51,988 58,766 62,807 65,783 66,479 66,967 62,940 Population 10 to 69 3,672,758 3,745,039 3,819,412 3,885,937 3,941,970 3,983,201 4,019,247 4,054,136 4,084,235 1, , , , , , , , , Percent of Total 81.9% 81.8% 82.2% 81.9% 81.5% 81.8% 81.7% 82.4% 82.8% Female 10,855 11,317 11,229 13,025 14,257 14,630 14,866 14,288 13,041 Population 10 to 69 3,676,448 3,734,350 3,795,008 3,850,561 3,899,793 3,939,612 3,980,731 4,020,376 4,055, Percent of Total 18.1% 18.2% 17.8% 18.1% 18.5% 18.2% 18.3% 17.6% 17.2% Figure 3.2 County Drug Arrest Rate per 100,000 Population 10 to 69 by Offender Gender 1,800 1,600 1,400 1,200 1, Male Female Indicators of Alcohol and Other Drug Abuse Drug Related Crime County, California 17

23 Indicator 3: Arrests for Drug Related Crime (Continued) Table 3.3 Number of Arrests for Felony and Misdemeanor Drug Offenses by Specific Offense, Population 10 to 69 Years, and Percent of Total Drug Arrests TOTAL ARRESTS 60,109 62,233 63,217 71,791 77,064 80,413 81,345 81,255 75,981 Dangerous Drugs 9,595 10,851 12,872 15,916 18,212 20,796 18,262 16,621 14,016 Population 10 to 69 7,349,206 7,479,389 7,614,420 7,736,498 7,841,763 7,922,813 7,999,978 8,074,512 8,139, Percent of Total 16.0% 17.4% 20.4% 22.2% 23.6% 25.9% 22.5% 20.5% 18.4% Narcotics 20,137 19,083 19,710 22,162 23,418 23,499 24,954 23,126 21,162 Population 10 to 69 7,349,206 7,479,389 7,614,420 7,736,498 7,841,763 7,922,813 7,999,978 8,074,512 8,139, Percent of Total 33.5% 30.7% 31.2% 30.9% 30.4% 29.2% 30.7% 28.5% 27.9% Marijuana 16,020 16,342 15,857 16,673 17,654 17,745 20,102 23,587 23,851 Population 10 to 69 7,349,206 7,479,389 7,614,420 7,736,498 7,841,763 7,922,813 7,999,978 8,074,512 8,139, Percent of Total 26.7% 26.3% 25.1% 23.2% 22.9% 22.1% 24.7% 29.0% 31.4% Other Drug Violations 14,357 15,957 14,778 17,040 17,780 18,373 18,027 17,921 16,952 Population 10 to 69 7,349,206 7,479,389 7,614,420 7,736,498 7,841,763 7,922,813 7,999,978 8,074,512 8,139, Percent of Total 23.9% 25.6% 23.4% 23.7% 23.1% 22.8% 22.2% 22.1% 22.3% Figure 3.3 County Drug Arrest Rate per 100,000 Population 10 to 69 by Specific Offense Dangerous Drugs Narcotics Marijuana Other Indicators of Alcohol and Other Drug Abuse Drug Related Crime County, California 18

24 Indicator 3: Arrests for Drug Related Crime (Continued) Table 3.4 Number of Arrests for Felony and Misdemeanor Drug Offenses by Offender Race/Ethnicity, Population 10 to 69 Years, and Percent of Total Drug Arrests TOTAL ARRESTS 60,109 62,233 63,217 71,791 77,064 80,413 81,345 81,255 75,981 American Indian Population 10 to 69 22,151 23,172 24,152 24,797 25,186 25,534 25,795 26,176 26, Percent of Total 0.1% 0.1% 0.1% 0.1% 0.0% 0.1% 0.1% 0.0% 0.0% Asian/Pacific Islander ,113 1,058 Population 10 to ,438 1,011,376 1,050,644 1,077,611 1,092,470 1,090,784 1,100,062 1,112,334 1,123, Percent of Total 1.0% 1.1% 1.0% 0.9% 0.8% 0.8% 1.1% 1.4% 1.4% Black 17,757 18,602 18,065 20,802 23,425 24,064 26,307 26,122 23,629 Population 10 to , , , , , , , , ,394 2, , , , , , , , , Percent of Total 29.5% 29.9% 28.6% 29.0% 30.4% 29.9% 32.3% 32.1% 31.1% Hispanic 25,966 27,528 28,307 31,877 33,639 35,413 34,582 34,966 33,612 Population 10 to 69 3,204,412 3,270,085 3,342,123 3,422,129 3,506,505 3,594,829 3,682,137 3,760,679 3,833, Percent of Total 43.2% 44.2% 44.8% 44.4% 43.7% 44.0% 42.5% 43.0% 44.2% White 14,482 14,140 14,751 16,835 17,704 18,346 17,646 17,017 15,634 Population 10 to 69 2,352,154 2,362,677 2,373,125 2,379,670 2,381,478 2,376,387 2,359,181 2,343,235 2,325, Percent of Total 24.1% 22.7% 23.3% 23.5% 23.0% 22.8% 21.7% 20.9% 20.6% Other 1,245 1,251 1,413 1,595 1,644 1,903 1,857 2,000 2,014 Percent of Total 2.1% 2.0% 2.2% 2.2% 2.1% 2.4% 2.3% 2.5% 2.7% Figure 3.4 County Drug Arrest Rate per 100,000 Population 10 to 69 by Offender Race/ Ethnicity 4,000 3,500 3,000 2,500 2,000 1,500 1, American Indian Asian/Pacific Islander Black Hispanic White Indicators of Alcohol and Other Drug Abuse Drug Related Crime County, California 19

25 Indicator 3: Arrests for Drug Related Crime (Continued) Table 3.5 Number of Arrests for Felony and Misdemeanor Drug Offenses by Offender Age Category, Population, and Percent of Total Drug Arrests TOTAL ARRESTS 60,109 62,233 63,217 71,791 77,064 80,413 81,345 81,255 75, Years and Under 5,829 6,104 5,856 5,542 5,680 5,601 5,687 5,970 5,477 Population 10 to 17 1,137,890 1,174,832 1,220,352 1,264,267 1,301,222 1,331,705 1,348,423 1,348,528 1,329, Percent of Total 9.7% 9.8% 9.3% 7.7% 7.4% 7.0% 7.0% 7.3% 7.2% 18 to 24 Years 16,029 17,043 17,452 19,873 20,770 21,908 21,385 21,799 21,502 Population 967, , , , , , , ,087 1,017,983 1, , , , , , , , , Percent of Total 26.7% 27.4% 27.6% 27.7% 27.0% 27.2% 26.3% 26.8% 28.3% 25 to 34 Years 16,926 16,532 16,913 18,846 20,178 20,763 20,500 20,603 19,564 Population 1,574,224 1,550,962 1,519,441 1,478,379 1,432,407 1,384,515 1,355,893 1,339,723 1,332,180 1, , , , , , , , , Percent of Total 28.2% 26.6% 26.8% 26.3% 26.2% 25.8% 25.2% 25.4% 25.7% 35 to 44 Years 14,990 15,227 15,124 17,413 18,474 18,657 18,576 17,397 14,890 Population 1,534,249 1,574,921 1,609,894 1,633,703 1,650,610 1,653,577 1,644,344 1,628,337 1,602, , , , , , Percent of Total 24.9% 24.5% 23.9% 24.3% 24.0% 23.2% 22.8% 21.4% 19.6% 45 to 54 Years 5,309 6,043 6,491 8,301 9,778 10,944 12,183 12,323 11,317 Population 1,168,108 1,227,741 1,278,719 1,325,679 1,367,255 1,403,096 1,431,787 1,459,973 1,486, Percent of Total 8.8% 9.7% 10.3% 11.6% 12.7% 13.6% 15.0% 15.2% 14.9% 55 to 64 Years 855 1,087 1,208 1,530 1,901 2,224 2,647 2,781 2,844 Population 706, , , , , , ,321 1,001,131 1,037, Percent of Total 1.4% 1.7% 1.9% 2.1% 2.5% 2.8% 3.3% 3.4% 3.7% 65 Years and Older Population 65 to , , , , , , , , , Percent of Total 0.3% 0.3% 0.3% 0.4% 0.4% 0.4% 0.5% 0.5% 0.5% Figure 3.5 County Drug Arrest Rate per 100,000 Population by Offender Age Category 2,500 2,000 1,500 1, to to to to to to Indicators of Alcohol and Other Drug Abuse Drug Related Crime County, California 20