The Mining Potential in Eastern Africa: Challenges and opportunities for Collaboration in Mining Education"

Transcription

1 Taita Taveta University College The Home of Ideas The Mining Potential in Eastern Africa: Challenges and opportunities for Collaboration in Mining Education" Prof. Hamadi Iddi Boga

2 Mineral Potential in Africa The African continent contributed 6.5% of the world s mineral exports during 2011 from mining 20% of the world s land area. The Southern African Development Community (SADC) produce two-thirds of Africa s mineral exports by value. The biggest player in the region is South Africa. The East African Community (EAC) has several mineral belts that produce (amongst other commodities) tanzanite and gold, with Tanzania being the biggest regional gold producer. Burundi has some gold reserves along with copper, cobalt, nickel and uranium deposits. DRC is known for copper, diamond and nickel Central and West Africa are increasing being seen as boom areas for ironore exploration and mining. Around 85% of global phosphate reserves are located in North Africa. (Source: 2013 KPMG Services Proprietary Limited)

3 Major Challenges for Mining Investments Political Risk Resources Nationalism Lack of Capacity (skilled workers)

4 Mining Education in the Region University of Zambia-started in 1973 Copperbelt University, Zambia (2010) Geology has been taught at University of Nairobi and University of Dar es Salaam with focus on Hydrology South African Universities have a more established tradition in Mining Education

5 Explosion of HE in Kenya Between 2006 and 2012 Admission Increased from 8,000 to 42,000 (400% increase) Still less than 50% of students who get C+ and above A Tsunami of free primary education graduates headed to the Universities in The Home of Ideas

6 Taita Taveta University College Challenges in Access to Higher Education in Kenya Started in 2007 as JKUAT Taita Taveta Campus to offer Mining and Mineral Processing Engineering 2011-changed to a Constituent College of JKUAT Students stand at over 2000 students in Postgraduate, Degree, Diploma, Certificate courses) The Home of Ideas

7 The Home of Ideas

8

9 Kenya s Mineral Potential Geological Mapping and Surveying in Kenya Mining Potential is apparent Mining is not new in Kenya Cement/Limestone/ Gypsum Magadi Soda Fluospar Titanium Nobium Mining Gold Gemstones

10

11 Mining Sector Contributes to less than 1% of the GDP Constrained by: Lack of Data Lack of expertise Resource Nationalism A poor regulatory framework (politics)

12 Devolution Will fuel resource sub-nationalism? Expect a fight between National and County Governments. The Governor of Kwale County might like a definition of the phrase Kwale is rich in light of Article 6 of the draft Mining Bill on ownership of minerals.

13 Addressing the Knowledge Gap Mining Requires a Concentration of skills Geology, Geomechanical Engineering, Mining Engineering, Metallurgy, Environment, Law, Sociology, Business Management, Mineral Economics, Logistics, Geoinformatics/GIS Surveying ICT

14 Vocational Training Mates (Certificate and Diploma Level Training) Mechanical Engineering Civil Engineering Plumbers Welders Machine Operators/Drivers Miners

15 Geology at University of Nairobi Bachelor of Education Science (Geology) Bachelor of Science (Geology) Bachelor of Environmental Geosciences Mineralogy and Petrology Economic Geology and Mineral Resources Environmental Geology and Management Engineering Geology Hydrogeology and Groundwater Resource Management Petroleum Geology Marine Geology Marine Geology and Resources Applied Geochemistry Applied Geophysics Seismology Palynology and Macropalaentology Mineral Exploration Undergraduate MSc and PhD

16 Branding TTUC as the Mining University in Kenya

17

18 The TTUC Approved Academic Profile School of Science and Informatics School of Agriculture, Earth and Environmental Sciences School of Engineering, Mines and Technology School of Business, Economics and Sociology School of Health Sciences The Home of Ideas

19 Current Programs School of Engineering Mining and Mineral Processing Engineering Short Course in Gemology School of Science and Informatics BSc Mathematics and Computer Science BSc Information Technology MSc Information Systems Diploma Information Technology School of Business, Economics and Sociology Bachelor of Commerce Bachelor of Purchasing and Supplies Management Master of Business and Administration The Home of Ideas

20 Proposed Excellence Centres Mining, Fuels and Mineral Processing Engineering Gemology (support from NCST and County Government of Taita Taveta) Material Science (support from NCST)

21 Student Numbers in the MMPE program at TTUC ADMISSION YEAR 2005/ / / / / / / / /2013 NUMBER OF STUDENTS TOTAL 273 The Home of Ideas

22 Short Courses-Gemology For ASM in Taita Taveta County Prospecting Mining Cutting/Polishing Marketing Environmental Protection Partnerships Gemology Institute of America UoN-Geology Department SEAMIC Mines and Geology Department Taita Taveta County

23 Partnership in Training and Research GOK Other Universities TTUC Industry Counties

24 Partnerships International Curtin University in Australia Technical University Bergakademie Freiberg, Germany Clausthal University of Technology, Germany University of Applied Sciences Zittau/Goerlitz University of Applied Sciences HTW-Dresden National Metallurgy Institute-India GIA Regional UMAT (Ghana), University of Zambia Local JKUAT, UoN and Technical University of Mombasa

25 Challenges for the Mining Engineering Program No thematic leaders (Professors) Inadequate Infrastructure (space and equipment) Lack of enough attachment/internship places Inadequate academic and technical Staff A weak research framework No opportunities for MSc or PhD in the region Weak linkages with Industry Challenges with recognition of the graduates by the Engineers Board of Kenya Low funding from Government Weak International Linkages Lack of teaching aides The Home of Ideas

26 Who will fund this? Creating a Centre of Excellence for Mining and Mineral Processing requires money Creating knowledge requires money, people and time Returns are long-term Money for: Infrastructure Postgraduate Training Research

27 Funding Mining Education The Ministry of Education, Science and Technology The Ministry of Mining The National Council for Science and Technology The African Development Bank Other Donors e.g. the German Academic Exchange Service Funding from ADB for: MSc Coal Technology (Mining and Mineral Processing Engineering) Partners Taita Taveta University College Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology Curtin University

28 Mining and the Environment Kenya is known for its tourism (sandy beaches and wildlife) Tsavo Ecosystem, Lamu and Diani are world class tourist destinations) Protection of the Environment is critical Environmental Studies/Science Rehabilitation of Mines Human Wildlife Conflict Biodiversity Conservation Important Part of Mining Education! The Home of Ideas

29 Tsavo Ecosystem The Home of Ideas

30 Summarizing Mining Policy Issues Mining Policy/Mining Philosophy A new law which is guided by the Policy Ease of doing Business Exploration Generation and Digitization of data for easy access Sustainability/Environmental protection Value addition locally but Energy first Logistics and other support services Benefit sharing /Social license Artisanal and small scale miners (ASM) Extractive Industry Transparency Initiative (EITI) Require Relevant Education Research Training and Capacity Building

31 Conclusion Growing Mineral Potential in Eastern Africa A serious gap in mining education in Eastern Africa International Partnership required Eastern Africa has potential and is politically stable. Opportunities for all.