Borja Blanco Juan Miguel Pinto

Transcription

1 Borja Blanco Juan Miguel Pinto

2 12,000 Devices Installed Globally ~ 70% Market Share Headquarters San Leandro, California Madrid, Spain Dubai, UAE Shanghai, China 6,500,000 m 3 /day 10 Billion kwh Energy Sales Offices PX Installations Mining Installations CONFIDENTIAL 2

3 Ejemplos de Desaladoras Cobre Candelaria Manto Verde CAP Milpo Carbón Austra Coal Mine Australia Cerrejón - Colombia Uranio Uramin - Namibia Fosfato Aguas de Bayovar - Peru Hierro Cape Preston Australia Shougang - Peru SLIDE 3

4 URAMIN (Areva), Swakopmund, Namibia Uramin Seawater Desalination Plant 63,000 m3/day (730 lps) Start up date: 2010 SLIDE 4

5 Energy Recovery in Mining: Swakopmund Namibia Namibia Hyper dry Evaporation exceeds precipitation times Water supply through groundwater aquifers Abundant natural resources (Uranium, Diamonds) Trekkopje Uranium Mine (Erongo region) Mine developed by Areva Resources Namibia 70 km inland and 400m MSL High and strongly increasing water consumption SLIDE 5

6 Energy Recovery in Mining: Swakopmund Namibia Swakopmund Desalination Plant (Trekkopje Uranium Mine) Design: 20.0 million m3/yr (63,000 m3/day) Anticipated: million m3/yr Constructed by Keyplan 75x ERI PX-220 Pressure Exchanger Devices Energy Recovery PX Array ~96% efficiency SLIDE 6

7 Plantas Desaladoras CAPEX vs OPEX Capital Expense 43% Operating Expense 57% ASSUMPTIONS Power Cost USD/kWh 0.09 Debt Equity Ratio 80/20 Debt Interest Rate 8% Equity ROI 18% SLIDE 7

8 OPEX Breakdown Office 3% Operating Margin 17% Parts Replacement 13% Power 41% Labor, G&A 9% Perth Seawater Desalination Plant 2008 Membranes 8% Chemical / Consumables 9% SLIDE 8

9 Power Use Breakdown (SWRO) Permeate Treatment 1% Permeate Distribution 7% Pre-filtration 8% Intake 15% Reverse Osmosis Process 68% RO power consumption is usually 20%+ (up to 45%) of total SWRO cost Source: Affordable Desalination Collaboration, 2008 SLIDE 9

10 Desalination in Mining problemática específica de Chile Mining Operation CASO ESPECÍFICO: -Planta Desaladora de m3/día (1.200 LPS) -Proyecto Minería a 400 m.s.n.m, 80 Km distancia -Energía a US$0.15/kWh S2 S1 D SLIDE 10

11 Planta Desaladora de 100,000 m3/d + Tubería de Conducción -> CAPEX total del proyecto calculado en US$240M Costos Construcción Planta (millones USD) Costos de Construcción en % Item Obra Marina Equipamiento Obra Civil Costos Indirectos Total Costos Tubería de Conducción (millones USD) Item Depósitos Tubería y Equipamiento Bombas Obra Civil Servidumbres de paso Total Construcción Planta Tubería e Impulsión SLIDE 11 Costos de Tubería representan casi la mitad (49%) del total de inversión

12 Costos de Operación (OPEX), US$ 1.03 por m 3, son altos, principalmente por los costos energéticos conectados a la tubería de conducción (32 centavos de US$) Costos Operativos Costos Operativos en % Item Remplazo Membranas (USD por m 3 ) Laboral (USD por m 3 ) Químicos (USD por m 3 ) Electricidad Planta (USD por m 3 ) Electricidad Tubería (USD por m 3 ) Márgenes O&M (USD por m 3 ) Total por m 3 (USD por m 3 ) Total por año (Millones USD) SLIDE 12

13 The importance of Availability Typical RO Plant: Approx. 45% of the flow runs through a High Pressure Pump Approx. 55 % of the flow runs through an Energy Recovery Device PX Technology: Makes ERD efficiency important up to 98% efficiency Makes ERD availability CRITICAL 99.8% availability SLIDE 13

14 The Role of Energy Recovery Devices ERD s play a critical role in the success or failure of an RO plant. ERD unavailability or downtime results in: penalties unplanned maintenance costs loss of revenue failure in the ERD means stopping the water production. Profit lost due to unplanned downtime could be as much as twice the initial capital cost of the ERD. Selection of the appropriate ERD technology can save millions of dollars over the life of the plant. SLIDE 14

15 The Effects of Downtime EPC, OEM and consulting firms use Economic models to evaluate the economics of purchasing equipment. Evaluation includes: capital cost of the ERDs installation cost operating cost (i.e. device efficiency) maintenance cost (i.e. spare parts and labor) Frequently overlooked variable in these models: ERD system availability ERD = only 1-2% of capital costs. However, any failure will completely shut down the plant (RO train) and cause significant financial ramifications. A system that experiences frequently unplanned downtime will have massive losses in revenue. SLIDE 15

16 The PX Energy Recovery Technology Advantage Highest Energy Efficiency Guarantees ~ 97.2% Performance never degrades over time Saving clients more than $1 billion in energy costs alone each year! Up Time: 99.8% Availability Advantage Zero unplanned downtime can offer average savings of $$$ millions over the life of a plant PX energy recovery devices are usually not responsible for plant down-time or loss of production Lowest Lifecycle Costs Best Economics: Highest Return on Investment SLIDE 16

17 Examples of Availability Analysis* Palmachim Israel, Dekhelia Cyprus, Perth Australia, Undisclosed Israel Undisclosed Cyprus 100% availability 100% availability 99.7% availability 99.4% availability 100% availability * Plants operating at 100% capacity were evaluated in this study. SLIDE 17

18 The Costs of Downtime SLIDE 18

19 The Costs of Downtime Legacy Technology Legacy Technology 99.8% availability SLIDE 19

20 The Costs of Downtime Legacy Technology SLIDE 20

21 Availability: Only One Moving Part 2 high pressure connections 2 low pressure connections Ceramic cartridge 99.8% availability end cover rotor / sleeve end cover SLIDE 21

22 The Importance of Availability Availability must be the #1 factor in evaluating critical equipment ent PX System has an average of 99.8% Availability 3% reduction in ERD availability translates into ~$ ~ $ 7.5 M over plant life SLIDE 22

23 Availability Conclusions Industry leading life-cycle cost advantage 99.8% ERD system availability millions of $ in possible savings Even if a maintenance warranty covers for all the costs related to maintenance, labor and spare parts; the cost of not producing water can be much more expensive than 2 times the initial capital cost of an ERD. Only a high availability warrants the lower life cycle cost of the ERD selection. The selection of the appropriate ERD technology is a driving cost in a desalination plant. Avg. cost of maintaining a PX ERD system <0.25% of initial cap. investment The most expensive water is the water that is not produced, not sold and not used. SLIDE 23

24 Summary Desalination is a safe, sustainable source of water for the Mining Industry Energy is the largest single cost of Desalination Desalination Plants can offer a very high level of availability Economic impact of availability is CRITICAL in decision making SLIDE 24

25 GRACIAS Contact SLIDE 25 NOT FOR DISTRIBUTION