MikroTik RouterOS Introduction to MPLS. Prague MUM Czech Republic 2009
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1 MikroTik RouterOS Introduction to MPLS Prague MUM Czech Republic 2009
2 Q : W h y h a v e n 't y o u h e a r d a b o u t M P LS b e fo re? A: Probably because of the availability and/or price range
3 Q : W h y s h o u ld y o u c a r e a b ou t M PLS n ow? A: Probably because of the availability and/or price range... A:...and the reasons mentioned further in this presentation!
4 Networking There are 3 networking methods available to manage computer networks: Routing Protocols: RIP, OSPF, BGP Bridging Protocols: STP, RSTP, MESH Switching Protocols: MPLS, ATM, Frame Relay
5 Concept of Switching
6 Switching Switching is a network communications method that groups all transmitted data (no matter of content, type, or structure) into suitably-sized blocks Each block is then transmitted over the network independently of each other Network is capable of allocating transmission resources as needed, in this way optimizing utilization of link capacity and robustness of communication
7 MPLS MPLS stands for Multi Protocol Label Switching MPLS is a packet forwarding method based on labels attached to the packet and a label forwarding table with minimal lookup overhead With MPLS the packet forwarding decision is no longer based on IP header and routing table Efficiency of forwarding process is the main benefit of MPLS
8 MPLS Header Also called Layer2.5 (because it is placed between OSI Layer2 and Layer3) Header can consist of one or several 32bit shims: Label (20 bits) EXP (3 bits) Class of Service End of stack flag(1 bit) is it last label? TTL (8 bits) L2 MPLS Label L3 EXP S TTL 8
9 MPLS LDP MPLS labels are assigned and distributed by the Label Distribution Protocol (LDP) LDP requirements: IP connectivity properly configured IP routing (static,ospf,rip) between all hosts loopback IP address that isn't attached to any real network interface (recommended) Homogeneous MPLS cloud all devices inside the MPLS cloud must have MPLS support
10 MPLS Basics LER Label Edge Router LSR Label Switch Router Packets are classified and labelled labeled at at ingress ingress LER LER LSRs forward packets using label swapping LER LER IP packet LSR LSR Label is removed at egress LER MPLS Backbone 10
11 MPLS Benefits Increased scalability of the network Increased forwarding performance of the network Increased amount of possible VPN solutions that an ISP can offer to clients Traffic engineering Quality of Service Redundancy and failover 11
12 BGP Scalability with MPLS E Traditionally you have to run BGP on all core routers Routed backbone BGP C C C E With MPLS, you only need to run BGP on network edges BGP E C C C MPLS backbone E Note: it is easy to migrate from routed backbone to MPLS enabled backbone
13 MPLS enabled L2 VPNs Layer2 service without the drawbacks of Layer2 network Site 2 Customer L2 frame CE2 Uses split-horizon method to prevent loops ( RSTP is not required) Label stack L2 header PE2 PE1 New service is configured at the edge routers (no need to make changes to the network core) MPLS backbone Pseudo wire CE1 Site 1 Simpler to configure, easier to manage Complete separation between providers network and customers network
14 Split Horizon Forward Ethernet frame coming from PE to connected CEs Packets are not forwarded to interfaces with the same horizon value Horizon value is set in bridge port configuration /interface bridge port add bridge=vpn interface=vpls1 horizon=1 CE1 CE3 PE3 PE1 CE2 CE4 PE2 14
15 Current Layer2 VPNs Customer based VPN GW GW CE Site 2 CE Site 1 GW Site 3 Big Overhead (Ethernet+GRE+IP) Not very scalable ISP CE Additional administration expenses EoIP tunnels Each new site requires configuration of EoIP tunnels to every existing site ISP is not involved
16 MPLS VPLS Provider based VPN service GW GW Site 2 Bandwidth improvements CE CE PE Site 1 Smaller Overhead (Ethernet+2 labels) Can ask provider for guaranteed VPLS bandwidth PE ISP PE CE GW Site 3 Each new site only requires correct PE configuration All the work is done by the ISP ISP is ready to sell new type of service
17 Layer3 VPNs VPN A Site1 VPN scalability Each VPN has unique routing table (VRF table) Customer IP address freedom (overlapping private IPs) VPN B Site1 BGP peering MPLS cloud Can be set over existing BGP network VPN A Site2 VPN A Site3 VPN B Site2
18 VRF Table Means 'Virtual Routing and Forwarding Table' VRF tables are similar to policy routing, except: Each VRF table is independent - main routing table will not be used if VRF table fails to resolve route BGP can be used to distribute routes between different VRF tables in the router
19 IP Routing Limitation After two IP traffic flows for the same destination are merged, it is impossible to split them and reroute over different paths Overloaded link from Router C to Router E A E C F D 40Mbps traffic from A to F B 40Mbps traffic from B to F
20 Traffic Engineering TE tunnels can be used to shift the traffic load onto less utilized links A E C F D B TE Tunnel1 50Mbps TE Tunnel2 50Mbps
21 Customers Bandwidth Protection Customers do not care how it is offered by the provider With TE it is easy to deliver guaranteed bandwidth from point A to point B Provider's network Main bandwidth Backup bandwidth
22 Bandwidth Optimization Separate tunnels for voice, video, or data Backup tunnels over the third link Voice Tunnel Data Tunnel Backup Voice Tunnel Backup Data Tunnel
23 MPLS on RouterOS Supported features Static label binding for Ipv4 LDP for Ipv4 Virtual Private Lan Service LDP based VPLS MP-BGP based autodiscovery and signaling RSVP TE Tunnels OSPF extension for TE tunnels Explicit path and CSPF path selection Forwarding VPN traffic on TE tunnels OSPF as CE-PE
24 MPLS on RotuerOS Not yet supported Ipv6 LDP features Downstream on demand Ordered label distribution protocol RIP and ibgp as CE-PE protocols TE features Fast reroute link/node protection Full feature list at
25 From EoIP to VPLS lo: e1 Site 1 R1 e2 lo: e1 R2 e2 Routed network lo: e1 R3 e2 Site 2 EoIP Example: We have a routed network between R1, R2 and R3 EoIP tunnel is established between R1 and R3 to guarantee Layer2 connectivity between Site 1 and Site 2
26 From EoIP to VPLS Enable LDP /mpls ldp set enabled=yes lsr-id= x \ transport-address= x # on R1 /mpls ldp interface add interface=ether2 # on R2 /mpls ldp interface add interface=ether2 add interface=ether2 # on R3 /mpls ldp interface add interface=ether1
27 From EoIP to VPLS Configure VPLS # on R1 /interface vpls add name=r1tor2 remote-peer= \ vpls-id=10:10 /interface bridge port add bridge=vpn interface=r1tor2 # on R3 /interface vpls add name=r2tor1 remote-peer= \ vpls-id=10:10 /interface bridge port add bridge=vpn interface=r2tor1
28 Speed tests Label switching on RB byte pps 512 byte pps Bridging MPLS Routing % faster than EoIP tunnel over routed network Almost 2x faster than IP forwarding The same speed as bridging MPLS network Site 1 VPLS Site 2 64 byte pps 512 byte pps EoIP VPLS
29 Useful links General L2VPNs L3VPNs
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