Hypervisor Software and Virtual Machines. Professor Howard Burpee SMCC Computer Technology Dept.

Transcription

1 Hypervisor Software and Virtual Machines

2 Learning Objectives Understand the common features of today s desktop virtualization products Select and implement a desktop virtualization option on a Linux, Mac, or Windows desktop Identify the types of hypervisor software

3 Virtualization Overview Ubiquity of Virtualization Virtual machines - Clients and servers Storage virtualization - Virtual SANs (storage area networks) Network device virtualization - Virtual routers - SDN (software defined networking)

4 Virtualization Overview Ubiquity of Virtualization (cont.) Desktop virtualization (VDI) - Formerly known as terminal services - Utilizes thin client systems Application virtualization - Normally installed OS with an application that runs in a virtualized environment from a server

5 Hypervisor Software Virtualization Overview Type I (level 1) - Bare-metal hypervisor is the OS that boots the system *VMware ESX *VMware ESXi *Microsoft Hyper-v Server 2008 and Hyper-v Server 2012 *Etc.

6 Virtualization Overview Hypervisor Software (cont.) Type II (level 2) - Requires a host OS *Microsoft Virtual PC, Virtual Server 2005, Windows 7 Virtual PC, Windows 8.X Hyper-V service, Windows Server 2008 and 2012 Hyper-v service *VMware Workstation, Fusion, Server, VMware Player *Virtual Box *Parallels for the Mac *Etc.

7 Virtualization Overview Tasks for creating a virtual machine Starting with a working host OS or bare metal system Install the hypervisor Create a virtual machine Install the guest OS Install virtual machine additions in the guest OS - Guest additions provide enhanced video and mouse operations for the guest OS

8 When creating a VM you will choose from a list of operating systems This selection is important as it tells the Hypervisor to create an environment suitable to the OS

9 You will also choose the memory to dedicate to the VM This screen is from VMware Workstation that supports virtual memory going beyond the physical RAM

10 Choose between a virtual hard disk that is a fixed-size or dynamically expanding file.

11 Network Settings Desktop VMs VM > Settings > Network - NAT *The same as inside a router *The hypervisor software will provide a DHCP IP *Full network connection - Bridged *Just another computer in the LAN - Internal *Connection only to other VMs

12 Desktop VMs on Windows All hypervisor software supports importing / adding an existing VM This allows you to copy VMs from host to host Desktops

13 Desktop VMs on Windows Desktops Some hypervisors require hardware-assisted virtualization (HAV) - Intel processors = Intel VT - AMD processors = AMD-V All level I hypervisors require HAV Server 2008 and 2012 Hyper-v service require HAV Microsoft calls HAV SLAT?

14 Desktop VMs on Windows Desktops Hardware-assisted virtualization (HAV) - Check you BIOS for HAV settings *Some systems have HAV enabled but do not have BIOS settings - Microsoft download = Hardware-Assisted Virtualization Detection Tool - Intel and AMD have HAV check tools - Securable = a free tool - Some HAV test tools will report that HAV is enabled but the hypervisor software will not run VMs *????

15 This computer cannot run Windows 7 Virtual PC

16 Oracle Virtual Box Host OSs - Windows - Linux - Mac OS X Client OSs - Windows - Linux - OSX - DOS Desktop VMs Does not require virtualization hardware

17 Desktop VMs Oracle Virtual Box (Continued) Install Guest Additions after installing OS - Improves client OS appearance - Enables improved drivers for other hardware

18 Virtual Box main menu with several virtual machines

19 Summary Today s virtual desktops can be hosted on network servers or on PCs. A hypervisor is the software that emulates the necessary hardware on which an operating system runs. - Type I and type II

20 Summary A Type I hypervisor (a bare-metal hypervisor ) runs directly on a computer without an underlying host operating system. - Type I hypervisors always require HAV A Type II hypervisor requires a host operating system. The major sources of hypervisors are VMware, Microsoft, and Oracle.

21 Summary Desktop VMs on Windows Desktops There are both commercial and free Type II hypervisors for running Linux, DOS, or Windows on a Windows desktop computer. Free versions: - VirtualBox - Windows 7 Virtual PC - Windows 8.X Hyper-v service - VMWare Player Commercial versions: - VMWare Workstation (Fusion for the Mac) - Parallels for the Mac

22 Summary Windows XP Mode is a free hypervisor that installs on a Windows 7 host with a Windows XP guest preinstalled. It does not require hardware-assisted virtualization. The free Windows Virtual PC requires both Windows 7 and hardware-assisted virtualization. Use the Hardware-Assisted Virtualization Detection Tool to test your computer before you download one of these solutions.

23 Summary VMware has several commercial hypervisor products. Download and install the trial version of VMware player to temporarily test this product before buying it. - Free VMware hypervisors = Server, ESXi, Player - Commercial VMware hypervisors = ESX / Vsphere, Workstation, Fusion Oracle Virtual Box is free and runs on several hosts including versions of Windows, Linux, and Mac OS X. It will run on hardware that does not support virtualization.

24 Summary Desktop VMs on Mac OS X Parallels is a commercial hypervisor product for Apple and other hosts, mentioned, but not detailed in this chapter. Apple Boot Camp is not a hypervisor. It is dual boot option that allows you to dual-boot between Mac OS X and Windows. This gives each OS full use of the hardware, but only one can be loaded at a time.