Aeronautics and Space

Transcription

1 0 GENERAL INTRODUCTION Historically, the Aeronautics and Aerospace specialization is the oldest one offered to students by EPF, in fact, Aeronautical studies were introduced in 1933 and are still part of the program. The educational objectives of the Aeronautics and Aerospace specialization are to enable our engineering students to reach their maximum potential in order to challenge problems encountered in the design of space vehicles, especially focusing on environment and sustainable development issues. This specialization gives the requisite and necessary knowledge in aerodynamics, space mechanics, materials, structural analysis, propulsion, flight mechanics applied to design of different types of vehicle: aircraft, helicopter, missile, launcher, drone and satellite. These courses are represented by design offices and 2 major projects: >> Project of design and performances analysis of military aircraft >> Project of satellite launcher design By the end of this specialization, the graduates have been able to take full advantage of their engineering studies, to develop and acquire operational and technical skills, using the techniques, methods and constraints characteristic of a professional course. EPF students can also do post-graduate courses abroad, for example a Master of Science at the Embry-Riddle University (Florida - USA) one of the universities EPF has created a double-diploma with. 0 ACQUIRED SKILLS At the end of the program, the students can: >> Design an airplane and evaluate its performances Design the architecture of an airplane according to the specifications Choose the most appropriate materials (metallic, composite) Measure and assemble the different elements Modify the accommodation to achieve the balance specified in the specifications Optimize the structure according to the environmental and economical requirements >> Design a launcher and evaluate its performances Design the architecture of a launcher according to the mission Calculate the staging, the motorization, the trajectory and the performances and optimize the space rendezvous Evaluate the Pogo effect Calculate the reentry trajectories Optimize the structure according to the environmental and economic requirements

2 >> Evaluate the size of an engine and of various types of aircrafts Understand the major international military policies Understand worldwide European environmental policies and know the European projects of the aerospace demonstrators which should allow to evaluate innovative ideas Be capable of evaluating the size of all types of engines and aircrafts according to the designated mission and external constraints Understand problems related to disturbances and get to know new concepts or innovative solutions to reduce disturbances >> Build and manage a transversal project Understand the technical, industrial, market, competitive and monetary challenges of the aerospace industry Understand the economics of air traffic and its impact on the aeronautic industry Write specifications Build and manage a project Manage a team Communicate and explain one s organizational or technical choices >> Act as an eco-friendly and ethical professional Understand ethical challenges (personal, company, civil society) Understand environmental and energy challenges and their impact on industry Take into account regulatory constraints and environmental requirements in projects Take into account the basic rules of eco-conception 0 SECTORS AND POSITIONS >> The main sectors interested by our engineers are traditionally The main French, European and worldwide aeronautical construction companies Partner companies and equipment manufacturers of construction companies Engineering and consultancy companies in technology Public and private research organizations in aeronautics - space and defence Companies dealing with scientific and technical issues concerning air traffic and transport's management and optimization Airlines Aeronautical maintenance companies >> EPF engineers from this specialization are particularly appreciated in the following posts Technical design office Engineer Aeronautical and aerospace systems Engineer Aeronautical maintenance Engineer R&D consultant Engineer Sales Engineer Engineer managing transversal projects

3 0 DESCRIPTION OF THE MODULES FOR EACH TEACHING UNITY Name of the module Code of the module - Year (4 = 4Y / 5=5Y) - Code INF = Computer sciences MEC = Mechanics PHY = Physics BIO = Biology SES = Social and economical sciences ENT = Industrial organisation PRO = Professionalization LAN = Languages - Indice Number of hours of teaching European credits given if the module is validated (value given on the basis of the workload) Language of teaching Fr = French En = English Sp = Spanish Ge = German Example General Economics : 4SES06 / 18H / 1 ECTS / Fr, It is a 4th year General Economics course, Index 6. It is an 18 hours face to face course. You can get 1 ECTS credit. The language of instruction is the French language. AERONAUTICAL CONCEPTION Aeronautical materials: 4MEC09 / 15H / 1 ECTS / Fr >> Steel - Shape memory alloys - Aluminium and magnesium alloys - Titanium alloys - Refractory alloys or superalloys - Metallic, ceramic and organic composite materials. Conception and modelisation CAO/Catia V5: 4INF16 / 21H / 1,5 ECTS / Fr >> Mechanical design: provides products for intuitive specification driven modelling for solid, assembly design and integrated drafting - Product synthesis solution: knowledge-ware solution set turns implicit design methods into explicit knowledge for obtaining the optimum design, while DMU (digital mock up) solutions support complex DMU reviews and simulations for quick and efficient engineering and process decisions. Finite elements project with CASTEM 2000: >> Finite elements projects with CASTEM MEC32 / 18H / 1 ECTS / Fr

4 Military aircraft project: conception: 4MEC27 / 21H / 2,5 ECTS / Fr 4INF16-4MEC08-4MEC11-4MEC12 >> Presentation of the project - Preliminary calculus (lifting surfaces, air inlets, ) to size the aircraft - Central fuselage layout, rear fuselage layout, front fuselage layout - Available fuel quantity computation: weight & balance, aerodynamic center computation - Iterations to meet the static margin requirements, shapes smoothing. AERONAUTICAL AND AEROSPACE MECHANICS Flight mechanics: 4MEC11 & 4MEC12 / 30H / 2 ECTS / Fr Flight mechanics 1 (12H) >> Equations of motion for flight in vertical plane - Gliding flight - Level flight - Climbing flight - Diving flight - Load factor - Range and endurance - Take off and landing. Flight mechanics 2 (18H) >> Derivation of motion equations for small perturbations around plane equilibrium positions - Analysis of plane eigen modes and motions in the longitudinal plane (longitudinal dynamics) - Analysis of eigen modes and motions in the transverse plane(transversal dynamics) - Plane response to small perturbations elevator, rudder and aileron inputs - Analysis of the impulse, step and frequency response - Introduction to closed loop control: pitch control, yaw damper. Simulations and mini project on work stations under Matlab environment. Fundamental aerodynamics: 4MEC08 / 21H / 1,5 ECTS / Fr >> Review of fluid Mechanics - Lift installation on a body - Aerodynamic forces on a body - The Drag on a 2D wing and its optimization - Compressible flows I: flow regimes, the thermodynamic approach, inviscid compressible flow equations, total quantities (pressure, temperature, ), normal shock waves - Compressible flows II: Mach wave and oblique shock wave, oblique shock wave, comparison of weak shocks - Compressible flows III: applications, shock waves reflexions and intersections, introduction to the method of characteristics. Orbital mechanics: 4MEC13 / 21H / 1 ECTS / Fr >> Generalities: N-body and 2-body problems, position on orbit as a function of time, representation of the orbit in space - Studies of methods: orbit transfer including Hohmann transfer, interplanetary mission analysis including sphere of influence concept, patched conic method and gravity assist manoeuvres (flyby trajectories) - Studies of perturbations using Gauss' equations: atmospheric drag, earth oblateness, luni-solar effects, solar radiation pressure - Examples: low earth orbit observation satellites (SPOT, ), geostationnary communications satellites, constellations (IRIDIUM, ), Earth-Mars transfer. Astronautics introduction: 4DIV05 / 9H / 0,5 ECTS / Fr >> Composition of a space system, associated missions and trajectories - The missions: scientific, balistic, telecommunication, observation, navigation - Space budgets in the world - Space agencies - Launcher bases.

5 AERODYNAMICS - STRUCTURES - FINITE ELEMENTS - HELICOPTERS Numerical aerodynamic with Fluent: 5ME03 / 18H / 2 ECTS / Fr 4MEC08 >> Statistical description of the Navier-Stokes equations discretized with a finite volume method - They enable mapping of mean flow quantities, estimations of fluxes and integrated quantities of turbulent stationary flows - Theoretical basements for mesh generation, flow calculations in incompressible, compressible, laminar and turbulent flow regimes - Using Fluent tutorials on two practical cases: mixing problem of two flows in an elbow as an example of a low speed incompressible turbulent flow, flow over a given NACA profile airfoil as an example of a transonic compressible flow - Critical analysis of numerical results with measured data. Aeronautical structures: 5ME01 / 33H / 2 ECTS / Fr Theoretical aeroelasticity (12H): 4MEC08 >> Numerical methods are presented for predicting the aeroelastic instabilities of aeronautical structures - The main topics addressed a - : the principles of static and dynamic elasticity, the determination of generalized unsteady forces in subsonic, transonic and supersonic flow, the solution of the coupled aerodynamic-structure system, the introduction of structural non-linearities, the instabilities determination for simple structures. Experimental aeroelasticity (2H) >> General ideas, theoretical aspects - Aircraft ground vibration testing - Wind tunnel aeroelastic tests - Vibration flight tests, flight domain opening. Composit materials (18H) >> Different composite materials and their validity domains, their advantages and limitations Classification of composite materials as a function of their constituents (carbon fibre, glass fibre, ceramic fibre associated with organic matrix, metallic matrix and ceramic matrix) and as a function of their architectures (multilayered laminates, woven composites, sandwich materials) - Basic tools of design of composite structures, such as (i) the anisotropic linear elasticity and also understand some non linear behaviour (viscosity, damage ), (ii) the different methods of change of scales and (iii) the main existing failure criteria, and also to understand more advanced multiscale progressive failure methods - A final project, which consists in performing a software of basic design of composite laminated plates, permits to evaluate the appropriation of the different concepts studied in this session. Challenges of the European civil aeronautical construction: 5ME12 / 9H / 1 ECTS / Fr >> The future development of air transport system will be thrown into turmoil with limited possibilities for reaction because of the extreme inertia of the operating system - The subject of the course is to analyse the consequences in Europe of this situation for aircraft manufacturers in form of seven challenges: market challenge, technology challenge, energy challenge, environment challenge, manufacturing challenge, competition challenge, money challenge.

6 Helicopters: 5ME02 / 21H / 2 ECTS / Fr >> Generalities: introduction, main rotor, tail rotor - Froude theory - Generalities on different operating states: hover and climb flight, forward flight - Blade element theory : hover flight, forward flight, global power balance - Improved methods for aerodynamics: wake model, aeromechanics coupling, CFD methods - Soft blade: Lagrange equations, blade eigenmodes, comparison between rigid and soft blades - Aero-acoustics: noise sources, BVI, BWI - Helicopter research field: prediction method improvement, aerodynamics, flow control, design optimization, new concepts. PROPULSION - AVIONIC SYSTEMS - MISSILES AND UAV - NAVIGATION / GUIDANCE / CONTROL Aeronautical propulsion: 5ME04 / 21H / 2 ECTS / Fr & En Aeronautical propulsion (18H) >> Brief historical introduction from 1940 to nowadays - Basics mechanisms of propulsion - Propulsive efficiency and some improvement means through various recent examples such as UHBR (Ultra High Bypass Ratio), Open Rotor, Geared turbofan, etc - Overview of different kinds of propulsion: turbofans, bypass turbofans, turboprop/turboshaft engine - Orders of magnitude on the basis of CFM56 and technological review of the components - Basis in aerodynamics and thermodynamics: first and second principle of thermodynamics and isentropic efficiency both for compressors and turbines, and subsonic and supersonic flows, normal and oblique shocks, and classical equations - Ducted flows with various application cases: pitot air intake, external compression air intake, underexpanded and overexpanded nozzle, etc. - Brayton-Joules thermodynamic cycle application exercises will highlight the optimum cycle notion - Global mechanisms involved: Euler equations, velocity triangle, radial equilibrium - Overview of each component (compressor, turbine, combustion chamber) - Both for compressors and turbines, introduction of the design criterions and analysis of the aerodynamics of these components with CFD results. International innovations (3H) >> New engines for tomorrow - New engines for the future. Challenges of air transport (3H) >> General informations: energy, environment, economics - Alternative fuels for aeronautics. Systems engineering (flight control): 5ME06 / 6H / 0 ECTS / Fr >> Definition, utility, flight control axis Flight Control System components: commands, actuators, power sources, controlers (pilot, computers) - System architectures types (distributed, centralized) - Sensor types and utility (navigation, piloting) - Automatic Flight Control (absorbers, stabilizers, Autopilot, Autothrust) System constraints: certification, environment, operational, handling qualities Flight Control System specification steps - Design choice of the right architecture.

7 Airline Industry Key Figures: 5ME16 / 21H / 2 ECTS / En >> Market rules: rules and administrations, economical index, yield management basics, ground and in-flight products evolutions, focus on industry indexes, 3 main regional areas and actors focus, tomorrow s challenges - Airline models: low cost carriers models, hub model, business jets market - Ground handling: actors, cost management, case study (SWOT and Porter s diagram) - Key figures and industrial challenges of maintenance: environment, players, and strategies, maintenance program, innovation and performance monitoring, costs division / TC, indicators and financial monitoring - Key figures of industry: players, strategies (aircraft and equipment manufacturers), subcontracting options, development program, concurrent engineering, production management - Job opportunities. Great projects management: 5ME14-5ME15-5ME19-5ME20 / 15H / 0 ECTS / Fr >> Great european projects - Rafale, Falcon 7X and supersonic business jet projects (Dassault Aviation), and Ariane project (Arianespace). Missiles and UAV: 5MEC29 / 18H / 2 ECTS / Fr >> Missiles: use of missiles, strategic systems, main European tactical missiles programs, missile European industry, missile proliferation and missile defense - Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV): use of UAVs in the Past, various categories of unmanned aerial vehicles (or drones), from micro-uav to High Altitude Long Endurance UAV and UCAV, military and civilian missions, main design and technologies used. Navigation / Guidance / Control: 5MEC29 / 18H / 2 ECTS / Fr >> Various navigation systems - Rule of launcher guidance - Reentry guidance: applications to Ariane 4 and Ariane 5 Rendezvous guidance: application to ATV - Generalities on the control of the launchers - Reminders on automatic - Modeling of the launcher rigid body mode - Rigid body mode analysis - Control laws design - Taking into account of the non rigidity of the launcher. MILITARY AIRCRAFT PROJECT (PERFORMANCES) Military aircraft project (performances): 5ME10 / 15H / 6 ECTS / Fr 4MEC27-4MEC8-4MEC11-4MEC12 >> Aerodynamic data calculation (drag and lift) - Drag synthesis and low speed performances - High speed performances - Perfo2000 software presentation - Supersonic acceleration - Mission calculation method (consumption, range) - Mission balancing - Characteristics variation effects on performance.

8 SATELLITES LAUNCHER PROJECT Satellites launcher project: 5ME11 & 5ME21 / 78H / 8 ECTS / Fr >> Staging: structural index, ISP, propellant mass, structure mass - Trajectory and performances: verification of the good performances of launcher, finding the parameters of the trajectory - Propulsion: propulsive parameters, choice and study of the engine cycle - Launcher architecture: learn to draw a launcher, application to Catia software - Loads: computation of the loads applied on the launcher - Structures: mass evaluation, comparison with structural indexes, impact on launcher performances - Dynamic: first deformation modes of the structure, computation of the shooting inside propellant tan. Satellites environnement and conception: 5ME09 / 18H / 1 ECTS / Fr >> Space environment: microgravity, space vacuum/temperature/degassing and contamination, the sun, the earth magnetic field, Van Allen belt and the radiations - Effects of the interaction between the radiation environment and the satellites, atomic oxygen, micrometeorites and space debris, mechanical architecture and structure of the satellites. Contact : Sophie Telliez, International Exchange Programme Coordinator, [email protected] Programme Manager : Odile Tissier Fondation reconnue d utilité publique, membre de la CGE (Conférence des Grandes Ecoles) et de l'ugei (Union des Grandes Ecoles Indépendantes), Diplômes habilités par la Commission des Titres d Ingénieur Siège social : 3 bis rue Lakanal Sceaux - France - Tél. : +33(0) Fax : +33(0) SIRET Code NAF 8542Z