Guidelines for Common Bio-medical Waste Treatment Facilities

Transcription

1 (REVISED DRAFT) Guidelines for Common Bio-medical Waste Treatment Facilities CENTRAL POLLUTION CONTROL BOARD (Ministry of Environment & Forests) Parivesh Bhawan, East Arjun Nagar DELHI website: February 26, 2014 i

2 S. No. CONTENT Description Page Number 1 Introduction 1 2 Applicability of the Guidelines 2 3 Environmental Laws Applicable for Establishment of a 2 Common Bio-medical waste Treatment Facility (CBWTF) 4 Location 3 5 Land Requirement 3 6 Coverage Area of CBWTF 4 7 Treatment Equipment 4 8 Infrastructure set up 10 9 Record Keeping Collection and Transportation of Bio-medical Waste Disposal of Solid Waste Cost to be Charged by the CBWTF Operator from the 19 HealthCare Units 13 Setting up and Operation of CBWTF Check List for Development of CBWTF Periodic Inspection/Monitoring or Performance Evaluation of 22 the CBWTFs List of Annexures Annexure -I : Design and Construction of Bio-medical 23 Waste Incinerator Annexure -II: Format for maintaining the record by the 29 CBWTF Operator alongwith the vehicle used for collection of the Bio-medical waste from the member HCFs Annexure -III: Log Book for Operating the Incinerator and 30 Autoclave Annexure -IV: Check list for Development of a CBWTF 31 Annexure -V: Check list for Performance Evaluation of the 35 CBWTF ii

3 Abbreviations BMW Rules - Bio-medical Waste (Management & Handling) Rules CBWTF - Common Bio-medical Waste Treatment Facility CO - Carbon Monoxide CO 2 - Carbon Dioxide CPCB - Central Pollution Control Board DG - Diesel Generator EC - Environmental Clearance ETP - Effluent Treatment Plant (ETP) GPS - Global Positioning System HCFs - Health Care Facilities HCl - Hydrochloric Acid HW (M, H & TM) Rules - Hazardous Waste (Management, Handling & Transboundary Movement) Rules MHz - Mega Hertz MoEF - Ministry of Environment & Forests KM - Kilometer KW - Kilowatt NO x - Oxides of Nitrogen O 2, - Oxygen PCC - Pollution Control Committee PLC - Programmable logical control SPCB - State Pollution Control Board TSDF - Treatment Storage and Disposal Facility (Hazardous Waste) TOC - Total Organic Carbon VOCs - Volatile Organic Compounds iii

4 1) INTRODUCTION: A Common Bio-medical Waste Treatment Facility (CBWTF) is a set up where biomedical waste, generated from a number of healthcare units, is imparted necessary treatment to reduce adverse effects that this waste may pose. The treated waste may finally be sent for disposal in a landfill or for recycling purposes. Installation of individual treatment facilities by small healthcare units requires comparatively high capital investment. In addition, it requires separate manpower and infrastructure development for proper operation and maintenance of treatment systems. The concept of CBWTF not only addresses such problems but also prevents proliferation of treatment equipment in a city. In turn it reduces the monitoring pressure on regulatory agencies. By running the treatment equipment at CBWTF to its full capacity, the cost of treatment of per kilogram gets significantly reduced. Its considerable advantages have made CBWTF popular and proven concept in many developed countries. The common bio-medical treatment facilities are also required to set up based on the need for ensuring environmentally sound management of bio-medical waste keeping in view the techno-economic feasibility and viable operation of the facility with minimal impacts on human health and environment. CBWTF as an option has also been legally introduced in India. The Bio-medical Waste (Management & Handling) Rules, 1998, gives an option to the Bio-medical Waste generator that such waste can also be treated at the common bio-medical waste treatment facility. The Second Amendment of the Rules in June, 2000, further eased the bottleneck in upbringing the CBWTF by making Local Authority responsible for providing suitable site within its jurisdiction. The concept of CBWTF is also being widely accepted in India among the healthcare units, medical associations and entrepreneurs. In order to set up a CBWTF to its maximum perfection, care shall be taken in choosing the right technology, development of CBWTF area, proper designing of transportation system to achieve optimum results etc. These key features of CBWTF have been addressed in the following sections and will form the guidelines for the establishment of CBWTFs throughout the country. 1

5 2) APPLICABILITY OF THE GUIDELINES: These guidelines are applicable to all the upcoming CBWTFs. In case of the existing CBWTFs, these guidelines shall be applicable as and when the existing CBWTFs desires to expand the treatment capacity of the existing CBWTF or desires to replace the existing treatment equipment with that of the new equipment or existing plant completed 12 years of life from the date of commissioning and requires installation of new treatment equipment. 3) ENVIRONMENTAL LAWS APPLICABLE FOR ESTABLISHMENT OF A CBWTF: Prior to allowing any new facility, the regulatory authority is required to conduct inventory with regard to the bio-medical waste generation, as well as existing bio-medical waste treatment capacities. In case found, additional treatment capacity is required for a particular locality, in such a case action may be initiated by the prescribed authority for allowing additional treatment capacity in the form of a new CBWTF in the particular locality without interfering the coverage area of the existing CBWTF in that locality as per these guidelines. Operation of Common Bio-medical Waste Treatment Facilities leads to air emissions and waste water generation as in case of an industrial operation. Most common sources of waste water generation in CBWTFs are vehicle washing, floor washing, scrubbed liquid effluent from air pollution control systems attached with the incinerator. Incineration as well as DG Set are the general source of air emissions. The CBWTF operator is required to obtain Consent to Establishment under Rule 25 of the Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1974 and under Rule 21 of the Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1981, from the respective prescribed authority i.e. State Pollution Control Board (SPCB)/ Pollution Control Committee (PCC). Upon installation of the requisite equipment, the CBWTF Operator is also required to obtain authorization as required under Rule 8 of the BMW Rules, 1998 from the SPCB/PCC prior to commencement of the CBWTF. 2

6 Also, the CBWTF operator is required to obtain Environmental Clearance (EC) from the Ministry of Environment & Forests (MoEF) in compliance to the Hon ble National Green Tribunals order dated ) LOCATION: The CBWTF shall be located as near to its area of operation as possible in order to minimize the travel distance in waste collection, thus enhancing its operational flexibility as well as for ensuring compliance to the time limit stipulated under the BMW Rules and also the location should confirming to the CRZ Norms and other provisions notified under the Environment (Protection) Act, The location shall be decided in consultation with the State Pollution Control Board (SPCB)/ Pollution Control Committee (PCC). Suggested location criteria for development of a CBWTF are as follows: (i) (ii) (ii) (iii) A CBWTF shall be located at a place reasonably far away from residential and sensitive area so that it has minimal impact on these areas (or) The CBWTF shall be developed in an industrial area of the locality (or) All the upcoming CBWTFs shall be located at least at a distance of 1 KM away from the surface water body and or 10 KM away from the human habitation and or in consultation with the SPCB/PCC (or) In case, in any locality or a State/UT, hazardous waste treatment storage and disposal facility (TSDF) exists, Common bio-medical waste treatment facility shall be developed as an integral part of such TSDF subject to obtaining of necessary approvals or clearances as required under the Environment (Protection) Act, 1986 from the concerned regulatory authorities. 5) LAND REQUIREMENT: Sufficient land shall be allocated for CBWTF to provide all requisite systems which include space for storage, waste treatment facilities, ETP, vehicle washing and parking space. It is felt that a CBWTF will require minimum of 1 acre land area. So, preferably, a CBWTF be set up on a plot size of not less than one acre in all the areas except in metropolitan cities like Delhi, Chennai, Kolkata, Mumbai and in hilly areas. Considering the availability of land constraint, however, relaxation in this regard shall be examined and approved given by the concerned State Pollution Control Board (SPCB) /Pollution Control Committee (PCC) only in concurrence from CPCB in case of the metropolitan cities like Delhi, 3

7 Mumbai, Chennai, Kolkata and in hilly areas with a justification. but in any case, area of land for development of a CBWTF shall not be less than one acre land in the said metropolitan cities or hilly areas. However, In case of upcoming CBWTFs in any locality, the facility should be developed confirming to these guidelines in an area not less than 2 acres of land. A facility cannot be set up in two or more different plots even if they are located in close vicinity. However, separate plots can be permitted only for vehicle parking if located in close vicinity. 6) COVERAGE AREA OF CBWTF: Suggested coverage area of development of a CBWTF is as follows: (i) (ii) (iii) (iv) Considering the economic viability and feasibility and to have minimal impacts on the environment, in any area, only one CBWTF may be allowed to cater up to 10,000 beds at the approved rate by the Prescribed Authority. A CBWTF shall not be allowed to cater healthcare units situated beyond a radius of 150 km. However, in an area where 10,000 beds are not available within a radius of 150 KM, existing CBWTF in the locality may be allowed to cater the healthcare units situated outside the said 150 KM, provided if there is no any facility in the next 150 KM region. In case, number of beds is exceeding more than 10,000 in a locality, in such a case, one more CBWTF may be allowed in such the same locality to cater services only to such additional bed strength in HCFs. In such a case, area of influence shall be prescribed by the SPCB/PCC. In case of North-Eastern States/Hilly States, considering the geography, only one CBWTF with adequate treatment capacities may be developed in each district so as to cater services to the HCFs located in the respective District. 7) TREATMENT EQUIPMENT As per the provisions of Bio-medical Waste (Management & Handling) Rules, waste falling in most of the categories can be treated in systems based on nonburn technologies. Such waste account for about 90% of the total waste streams 4

8 in a healthcare unit. The only option specified for disposal of category 1 & 2 waste is by incineration/deep burial (depending upon the population of town) to anatomical and other types of waste falling under categories 1 and 2. Therefore, an incinerator of adequate capacity to cater categories 1 and 2 waste shall be installed. (If secured landfill is not available, category 5 bio-medical waste may also be incinerated.). The wastes falling under category 5 i.e. discarded medicines, cytotoxic drugs and category 10 i.e. chemical wastes (solids) can also be disposed in a secured landfill. A Common Bio-medical Waste Treatment Facility (CBWTF) shall have following treatment facilities: (i) Incineration: It is a controlled combustion process where waste is completely oxidized and harmful microorganisms present in it are destroyed/denatured under high temperature. The guidelines for "Design & Construction of Biomedical Waste Incinerators" (Annexure I) prepared by CPCB shall be followed for selecting/installing a better bio-medical waste incinerator. The incinerator should be fitted with separate energy meter for recording total energy consumed for operation of the incinerator. (ii) Plasma Pyrolysis: Alternate to incinerator, Plasma Pyrolysis treatment technology can be installed for disposal of bio-medical waste categories 1, 2, 5 & 06 wherein destruction of bio-medical waste similar to incineration can be achieved. In case of plasma pyrolysis, waste is treated at high temperature under controlled condition to form gases like methane, hydrogen and carbon monoxide which are subjected to combustion (oxidation) in secondary chamber. In the plasma pyrolysis process waste is converted into small clinker which can be disposed in secured landfills. (iii) Autoclaving/ Microwaving / Hydroclaving: (a) Autoclaving is a low-heat thermal process where steam is brought into direct contact with waste in a controlled manner and for sufficient duration to disinfect the wastes as stipulated under the Bio-medical Waste ( Management & Handling) Rules. For ease and safety in operation, the system should be horizontal type and 5

9 exclusively designed for the treatment of bio-medical waste. For optimum results, pre-vacuum based system be preferred against the gravity type system. It shall have tamper-proof control panel with efficient display and recording devices for recording critical parameters such as time, temperature, pressure, date and batch number etc. as required under the BMW Rules. (b) In microwaving, microbial inactivation occurs as a result of the thermal effect of electromagnetic radiation spectrum lying between the frequencies 300 and 300,000 MHz. Microwave heating is an inter-molecular heating process. The heating occurs inside the waste material in the presence of steam. (c) Hydroclaving is similar to that of autoclaving except that the waste is subjected to indirect heating by applying steam in the outer jacket. The waste is continuously tumbled in the chamber during the process. Note: (i) Autoclaving/ Microwaving / Hydroclaving/shredder should be fitted with separate energy meter for recording total energy consumed for operation of these equipment. C (ii) In the event of any operational problem in the primary incinerator/autoclave, to ensure bio-medical waste is treated within the time limit as stipulated under the BMW Rules, each facility should also be provided with stand by incinerator as well as autoclave. (iv) (v) Chemical disinfection: Though chemical disinfection as stipulated under the BMW Rules is also an option for treatment of certain categories of biomedical waste but looking at the volume of waste to be disinfected at the CBWTF and the pollution load associated with the use of disinfectants, the use of chemical disinfection for treatment of bio-medical waste at CBWTF is not recommended. Shredder: Shredding is a process by which waste are de-shaped or cut into smaller pieces so as to make the wastes unrecognizable. It helps in prevention of reuse of bio-medical waste and also acts as identifier that 6

10 the wastes have been disinfected and are safe to dispose off. A shredder to be used for shredding bio-medical waste shall confirm to the following minimum requirements: (a) (b) (c) (d) (e) (f) (g) (h) (i) (j) The shredder for bio-medical waste shall be of robust design with minimum maintenance requirement. The shredder should be properly designed and covered to avoid spillage and dust generation. It should be designed such that it has minimum manual handling. The hopper and cutting chamber of the shredder should be so designed to accommodate the waste bag full of bio-medical waste. The shredder blade should be highly resistant and should be able to shred waste sharps, syringes, scalpels, glass vials, blades, plastics, catheters, broken ampoules, intravenous sets/ bottles, blood bags, gloves, bandages etc. It should be able to handle/ shred wet waste, especially after microwave/ autoclave/hydroclave. The shredder blade shall be of non-corrosive and hardened steel. The shredder should be so designed and mounted so as not to generate high noise & vibration. If hopper lid or door of collection box is opened, the shredder should stop automatically for safety of operator. ]In case of shock-loading (non-shreddable material in the hopper), there should be a mechanism to automatically stop the shredder to avoid any emergency/accident. In case of overload or jamming, the shredder should have mechanism of reverse motion of shaft to avoid any emergency/accident. The motor shall be connected to the shredder shaft through a gear mechanism, to ensure low rpm and safety. 7

11 (k) (l) (m) (n) (o) The unit shall be suitably designed for operator safety, mechanical as well as electrical. The shredder should have low rotational speed (maximum 50 rpm). This will ensure better gripping and cutting of the bio-medical waste. The discharge height (from discharge point to ground level) shall be sufficient (minimum 3 feet) to accommodate the containers for collection of shredded material. This would avoid spillage of shredded material. The minimum capacity of the motor attached with the shredder shall be 3 KW for 50 Kg/hr, 5 KW for 100 kg/hr & 7.5 KW for 200 Kg/hr and shall be three phase induction motor. This will ensure efficient cutting of the bio-medical wastes as prescribed in the Bio-medical Waste (Management & Handling) Rules. The shredder also should be fitted with separate energy meter for recording total energy consumed for operation of these equipment. (vi) Sharp pit/ Encapsulation: A sharp pit or a facility for sharp encapsulation shall be provided for treated sharps. An option may also be worked out for recovery of metal from treated and shredded waste sharps within the CBWTF or in a foundry or a factory located near by, as per the conditions imposed in authorization granted under BMW Rules by the State Pollution Control Board/Pollution Control Committee. (vii) Deep burial: Deep burial of bio-medical waste as a part of CBWTF should not be allowed be discouraged as far as possible. However, deep burial option for disposal of bio-medical waste shall be allowed as a part of the CBWTF only in hilly areas or north eastern States provided there is no CBWTF. 8

12 (viii) Non-burn technology: Non-incineration technologies for disposal of bio-medical waste are adopted in some of the developed countries. Non-incineration technology comprises of shredding and disinfection by autoclaving/microwaving or chemical treatment. The treated waste can be disposed along with municipal solid waste in sanitary landfills. Such option can also be adopted in places where the sanitary landfill or waste to energy plant for disposal of municipal solid waste is available. Such technology is permitted only after prior approval of CPCB and after obtaining authorization under the BMW Rules from the respective SPCB/PCC for the purpose of carrying out trial runs for assessment of efficacy of the treatment equipment. Note: (i) If any CBWTF desires to adopt any other technology other than referred under BMW Rules, may adopt new technology only with the prior approval from CPCB/MoEF and is required to obtain authorization under the BMW Rules for carrying out trial run for assessment of efficacy of the technology. (ix) Vehicle/Containers Washing Facility: Every time a vehicle is unloaded, the vehicle and empty waste containers shall be washed properly and disinfected. It can be carried out in an open area but on an impermeable surface and liquid effluent so generated shall be conveyed collected and treated in an effluent treatment plant. The impermeable area shall be of appropriate size so as to avoid spillage of liquid during washing. (x) Effluent Treatment Plant : A suitable Effluent Treatment Plant (ETP) shall be installed to ensure that liquid effluent generated during the process of washing containers, vehicles, floors etc. is treated and reused disposed after treatment. ETP should have required treatment unit operations comprising at least collection tank, O & G trap, chemical dosing, co-agulation chamber, 9

13 primary settling tank, biological treatment process, secondary settling tank, pressure filter and activated carbon filter so as to comply with the regulatory discharge standards stipulated under the Bio-medical Waste (Management & Handling) Rules, 1998 and amendments made thereof. ETP should also be fitted with separate energy meter so as to know total consumption of electricity for operation of the machinery attached with the ETP. ETP also be fitted with ph meter so as to know ph level of treated water as well as ph level of treated water used for the purpose of recycling in APCD attached with the incinerator or any utility within the CBWTF. ETP also be fitted with magnetic flow meter at the outlet to know the total wastewater treated for further end use or discharge in compliance to the BMW Rules. ETP should also be connected with a provision of press filter or sludge drying bed for drying the sludge generated from the ETP and after drying, same need to be disposed off in an environmentally sound manner depending upon the hazardous constituents present in it. Proper treatment of waste water shall be ensured in case of zero discharge by recycling of treated wastewater for scrubbing. (8) INFRASTRUCTURE SET UP: The CBWTF shall have enough space within it to install required treatment equipment, untreated and treated waste storage area, vehicle-parking, vehicle and containers washing area, Effluent Treatment Plant (ETP), administration room or staff room etc. The required area for CBWTF would depend upon the projected amount of bio-medical waste to be handled by it. A CBWTF shall have the following infrastructure: (i) Treatment Equipment Room: A separate housing may be provided for each treatment equipment at the CBWTF such as incinerator room, autoclave room, microwave room etc, as applicable. Each room shall have well-designed roof and walls. Such room shall be well ventilated and easy to wash. The floor and interior finishing of the room shall be such that chances of sticking/harbouring of microorganisms are minimized. This can be attained by providing smooth & fine floor and wall surfaces (to a height of 2 metre from floor) preferably of tiles. The number of joints in such surfaces shall be minimal. The equipment room shall also have a separate cabin, to supervise the 10

14 operation of the equipment and to record the waste handling and equipment operational data attached to each equipment room. There shall be two waste storage rooms, one for storage of untreated wastes and another for treated wastes. The storage room shall have provisions similar to that of equipment room being well-ventilated with easy to wash floors & walls, smooth and fine surfaces etc. All the treatment equipment rooms and waste storage rooms should be provided with fly catcher/killing device. (ii) Main Waste Storage Space: Separate space shall be provided near the entry point of the CBWTF to unload and store all biomedical wastes that have been transported to the facility by vehicle. The size of the room shall be adequate to store all wastes transported to the CBWTF. The front portion of the room shall be utilized for unloading the wastes from the vehicle and back or side portion shall be utilized for shifting the wastes to the respective treatment equipment. In the front of the room where vehicle is parked for unloading, the floor shall be made impermeable so that any liquid spilled during unloading does not percolate into the ground. The liquid generated during handling of wastes and washing, shall be diverted to the inlet of ETP. In the main storage room, wastes shall be stacked with clear distinction as per the color coding of the containers by providing partitions. From here, the colored containers may be sent to the respective treatment equipment by using suitable closed type of conveyance ( trolley etc.,). The main storage room too shall have provisions similar to that of equipment room such as roofing, well ventilated, easy to wash floors & walls, smooth and fine surfaces etc. (iii) Treated Waste Storage room: Separate space should be provided to store the wastes treated in different treatment units shall be stored. The wastes shall be stored in separate group as per the disposal options. Other provisions in the room shall be similar to the main storage room. Waste such as incineration ash generated in the process of incineration shall be stored in a separate area under the shed so as to avoid entry of rain water during the monsoon and for easy collection and in case, incineration ash is hazardous waste in 11

15 nature same should be disposed through any authorized TSDF operator located nearby following the manifest as per Hazardous Waste (Management, Handling and Transboundary Movement) Rules, 2008 as amended,. (Iv) Administrative Room: This room shall be utilized for general administration, record keeping, billing etc. (iv) Generator Set: Every CBWTF shall have generator set as standby arrangement for power, with sufficient capacity to run the treatment equipment during the failure of power supply. The generator set shall comply with the necessary requirements as per DG Set norms notified under the Environment (Protection) Rules, (v) Online monitoring provision: Online monitoring provision for continuous monitoring of the incinerator stack emissions especially for flue gas parameters such as CO 2, O 2, CO as stipulated under CPCB guidelines and records maintained. (vi) Site Security: High walls, fencing and guarded gates shall be provided at the facility to prevent unauthorized access to the site by humans and livestock. (vii) Vehicle Parking: Provision for parking shall be made within the confines of the site for parking of required number of vehicles, loading and unloading of the vehicles meant for transporting waste to and from the facility, etc.. In case of a CBWTF with space constraints, multy-story parking or a separate provision may be allowed only for parking of vehicles. (viii) Surveillance cameras (CCTV): 12

16 Surveillance cameras (CCTV) should be provided in the vulnerable location of the facilities (Waste storage, waste feeding, PLC attached with the treatment equipment ( incinerator and autoclave). (ix) Sign Board: An identification board of durable material and finish shall be displayed at the entrance to the facility. This shall clearly display the name of the facility, the name, address and telephone number of the operator and the prescribed authority, the hours of operation and the telephone numbers of the personnel to be contacted in the event of an emergency. (x) Green Belt: The open area within the CBWTF shall be developed into greenbelt. (xi) Washing Room: A washing room shall be provided for eye washing/hand washing/ bathing etc. (xi) Fire safety: Fire safety equipment such as sand buckets and fire extinguishers should be provided at all the salient points of the CBWTF including at the diesel storage areas, diesel tanks connected with the incinerator etc. Fire alarm also should be provided within the CBWTF to prompt the workers in the event any fire hazard. Besides above, following important provisions should also be made in a CBWTF: (a) (b) (c) (d) (e) (f) A telephone shall be provided and maintained at the facility. A First Aid Box shall be provided and maintained at the CBWTF. Proper lighting shall be provided at the facility. Proper care shall be taken to keep the facility and surroundings free from odours. Proper fire fighting facilities and emergency alarm shall be installed. Measures shall be implemented to control pests and insects at the site. 13

17 (g) (h) (i) (j) Measures shall be implemented to control the escape of litter from the site. Necessary provision shall be made to prevent and control noise generated, if any, due to the activities at the site. Necessary protective gear for the waste handlers shall be provided. Immunization to all the workers of CBWTF. Every CBWTF operator shall submit a work-plan to the Prescribed Authority. The work-plan should include the details of facilities at the CBWTF, the collection, transportation & storage of the bio-medical wastes, operational details etc. (9) RECORD KEEPING: Maintenance of records for all operations carried out at the CBWTF is very important to monitor overall operation of the CBWTF. It also helps in submission of the required information to be submitted to the Prescribed Authority by 31 st January of every year. A well-maintained record of all the activities at the CBWTF also enables the facility operator to produce all information of the activities on demand of the concerned Authority. The record should include all information related to each activity at the CBWTF site, however, minimum requirement has been outlined below: (i) Records of Waste Movements: Daily records shall be maintained for the waste accepted and treated waste removed from the site. This record shall include the following minimum details: (a) Waste Accepted: - Records on day-to-day basis (as per the format given at Annexure-II) shall be maintained with respect to the waste collection date, name of the healthcare unit with bar cade, waste category as per BMW Rules, category-wise quantity of waste accepted, vehicle registration number used for collection of bio-medical waste from member health care facilities, time at which waste collected from member HCFs, name of the vehicle driver and his signature and waste receiving date & time (at CBWTF site). Similar information to be acknowledged 14

18 to the member health care facility by the CBWTF operator on daily basis. (b) Treated Waste Removed:- Date, treated waste type, Quantity, vehicle number and location of disposal. (ii) Logbook for the Treatment Equipment: A logbook shall be maintained (as per the format given at Annexure-II) for each treatment equipment installed at the site and shall include the following: (a) (b) (c) (d) The weight of each batch. The categories of waste as per the Rules. The time, date and duration of each treatment cycle and total hours of operations. The complete details of all operational parameters during each cycle. Log book to be maintained for operating the incinerator as well as the autoclave as per the formats given at Annexure III. (iii) Monitoring and reporting of operations in the CBWTF: The monitoring of the key operating parameters of treatment equipment provides several benefits. First, monitoring provides the operator with information needed to make decisions on necessary combustion control adjustments. Second, properly maintained monitoring records can provide useful information for identifying operating trends and potential maintenance problems. Following are the suggested parameters for monitoring of the treatment equipment (a) Monitoring of operating parameters of the incinerator: Following operating parameters can be monitored in case of incinerator: Charge rate. Combustion gas temperature in primary and secondary chamber. Condition of the draft. Combustion gas oxygen level. Air flow rate through the incinerator. 15

19 Carbon-Di-Oxide (CO 2 ), Oxygen (O 2 ) and Carbon monoxide (CO ) level in the flue gas. Quantity of auxiliary fuel usage. Pressure drop in the venturi scrubber and Ash quality (for Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) or Total Organic Carbon (TOC) at least once in a quarter). (b) Monitoring of operating parameters of the Autoclave: Following operating parameters can be monitored during the sterilization using autoclave: Time at which sterilization started and time at which sterilization completed. Temperature conditions maintained through the sterilization Conditions of pressure maintained through the sterilization Duration of sterilization Validation test results Records concerning the above parameters need to be maintained and checked periodically for taking remedial measures during the operation of the incinerator or autoclave. The monitoring results of the stack gases and the validation test results are required to be submitted to SPCB/PCC at least once in a quarter. (iv) Site Records: Site records shall include the following: (a) (b) (c) (d) (e) Details of construction or engineering works; Maintenance schedule, breakdowns/trouble shootings and remedial actions; Emergencies; Incidents of unacceptable waste received and the action taken; and Details of site inspections by the officials of the regulatory Agency and necessary action on the observations. Daily, monthly and annual summary records of all the above shall be maintained and made available at the site for inspection and same 16

20 submitted whenever required by an authorized officer of regulatory Agency. (10) COLLECTION AND TRANSPORTATION OF BIO-MEDICAL WASTE: The collection and transportation of bio-medical waste shall be carried out in a manner so as to avoid any possible hazard to human health and environment. Collection and transportation are the two operations where the chances of segregated bio-medical waste coming in contact with the public, rag pickers, animals/birds, etc are high. Therefore, all care shall be taken to ensure that the segregated bio-medical waste, handed over by the healthcare units, reach CBWTF without any damage, spillage or unauthorized access by public, animals etc. A responsible person from the CBWTF operator shall always accompany the vehicle to supervise the collection and transportation of bio-medical waste. (i) Collection of bio-medical waste: Generator of the bio-medical waste is responsible for providing segregated waste in accordance with the provisions of the Biomedical Waste (Management & Handling) Rules, 1988, to the CBWTF operator. The CBWTF operator shall not accept the non-segregated waste and such incident shall be reported to the Prescribed Authority once in a quarter. Temporary storage at healthcare unit shall be designated. The coloured bags handed over by the healthcare units shall be collected in similar coloured containers with cover. Each bag shall be labeled as per Schedule III & IV of the Bio-medical Waste (Management & Handling) Rules, so that at any time, the healthcare units can be traced back that are not segregating the bio-medical wastes as per the Rules. The coloured containers should be strong enough to withstand any possible damage that may occur during loading, transportation or unloading of such containers. These containers shall also be labeled as per the Schedule III of the Rules. Sharps shall be collected in puncture resistant container. The person responsible for collection of bio-medical wastes shall also carry a register with him to maintain the records such as name of the healthcare unit, the type and quantity of waste received, time at which collected from the member HCF, signature of the authorised person from the healthcare unit etc. Bar coding system may be adopted to identify and maintaining records. 17

21 (ii) Transportation of the collected bio-medical waste to the CBWTF: All the vehicles used by the CBWTF operator shall not be subletted/ contract vehicles should not be used by the CBWTF operator and all the vehicles should be owned by the CBWTF operator and the vehicle numbers should also be registered with the respective SPCB/PCC for the purpose of collection of bio-medical waste from the member health care facilities. The bio-medical waste collected in coloured containers shall be transported to the CBWTF in a fully covered vehicle. Such vehicle shall be dedicated for transportation of bio-medical waste only. Depending upon the volume of the wastes to be transported, the vehicle may be a threewheeler, light motor vehicle or heavy duty vehicle. In either case, the vehicle must posses the following: (a) (b) (c) (d) (e) (f) (g) Vehicle shall be fitted with GPS to track the movement of the vehicle. Separate cabins shall be provided for driver/staff and the biomedical waste containers. The base of the waste cabin shall be leak proof to avoid pilferage of liquid during transportation. The waste cabin may be designed for storing waste containers in tiers and also should be provided with a lighting provision. The waste cabin shall be so designed that it is easy to wash and disinfect. The inner surface of the waste cabin shall be made of smooth surface to minimize water retention. The waste cabin shall have provisions for sufficient openings in the rear and/or sides so that waste containers can be easily loaded and unloaded. 18

22 (h) (i) The vehicle shall be labeled with the bio-medical waste symbol (as per the Schedule III of the Rules) and should display the name, address and telephone number of the CBWTF. The vehicle driver should carry always valid registration of the vehicle obtained from the concerned transport authority and also carry valid pollution under control certificate issued by the authorized certificate issuing agency. Depending upon the area to be covered under the CBWTF, the route of transportation shall be worked out. The transportation routes of the vehicle shall be designed for optimum travel distance and to cover maximum number of healthcare units. As far as possible, the transportation shall be carried out during non-peak traffic hours. If the area to be covered is very large, a satellite station may be established to store the bio-medical waste collected from the adjoining areas. The wastes so stored at satellite station may then be transported to the CBWTF in a big vehicle. It shall be ensured that the total time taken from generation of bio-medical waste to its treatment, which also includes collection and transportation time, shall not exceed 48 hours. (11) DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE Incineration ash, treated waste sharps, plastic waste, glass waste and sludge from effluent treatment plant are generally generated from the CBWTF from the treatment systems such as incineration, autoclaving/microwaving, effluent treatment plant respectively. The treated bio-medical waste shall be disposed as per the options suggested below Sl. Waste Category No. 1. Plastic wastes after disinfection and shredding 2. Disinfected Sharps (including needles and except syringes) 19 Suggested Disposal Options Sale to plastic waste recycler permitted by the SPCBs/PCCs for Recycling or municipal sanitary landfill (i) If encapsulated, disposal in Municipal Sanitary Landfill shall be explored (ii) If non-encapsulated Municipal landfill/ Possibility of recycling shall be explored 3. Incineration ash Secured landfill/ nearby HW TSDF depending on test report 4 Other treated solid wastes Municipal Sanitary Landfill

23 5. Oil & Grease Incineration 6. Treated waste water Sewer/drain or recycling/reuse (12) COST TO BE CHARGED BY THE CBWTF OPERATOR FROM THE HEALTHCARE UNITS: Cost to be charged from the healthcare units plays an important role in sustaining the project. The cost shall be so worked out that neither it becomes a monopoly of the CBWTF operator nor the interest of the CBWTF operator is overlooked. It is recommended that cost to be charged from the healthcare units shall be worked out in consultation with the concerned State Pollution Control Board (SPCB)/Pollution Control Committee (PCC) and the local Medical Association, keeping in view the following options: (i) Fixed charges in case of the nursing homes/clinics/sample Collection Centres/Dental Centres; (ii) Fixed charges per bed basis to the low bed strength hospitals (upto 30 beds) (iii) Charges based on the weight basis; (iv) Charges to the hospitals having 30 or more beds. Note: Rates are required to be revised once in two years considering the escalation in input costs such as diesel prices, electricity etc., (13) SETTING UP AND OPERATION OF CBWTF Setting up and operating a CBWTF requires compliance with a number of regulatory requirements/provisions. The important requirements/provisions are listed below: (i) Municipal Corporations, Municipal Body or Urban Local Bodies/State Government, as the case may be, shall be responsible for providing suitable common disposal/incineration sites for the bio-medical waste generated in the area under their jurisdiction and in areas outside the jurisdiction of any municipal body, it shall be the responsibility of the occupier generating bio-medical waste/operator of a biomedical waste treatment facility to arrange for suitable sites individually or in association, 20

24 so as to comply with the provisions of these rules (Bio-medical Waste (Management & Handling) Rules). (ii) (iii) (iv) (v) (vi) (vii) The local body such as a Municipal Body or Urban Local Bodies/State Government or any Private Entrepreneur, whoever wishes to set up a CBWTF, shall submit a detailed work-plan of proposed CBWTF to the concerned State Pollution Control Board (SPCB)/Pollution Control Committee (PCC) for evaluation and issue of "Consent To Establish". The work plan should include complete details of the project such as site details, coverage area, infrastructure set up, transportation of bio-medical waste, operating procedure etc. The Operator of a Common Bio-medical Waste Treatment Facility (CBWTF) is also required to obtain Environmental Clearance from the MoEF in compliance to the Hon ble NGT Order dated , prior to obtaining of Consent to Establish from the respective SPCB/PCC. The SPCB/PCC upon receipt of such work-plan shall, review the proposal and "Consent to Establish" shall be issued to the proponent with the required conditions, only after fulfilling the requisite requirements by the proponent. Once the proponent establishes the necessary infrastructure, the site and the resources shall be inspected by the SPCB/PCC for the adequacy of the facility/equipment. Upon satisfactory recommendation, the authorization under the Bio-medical Waste (Management & Handling) Rules, shall be issued with necessary condition to the proponent. The SPCB/PCC shall ensure the operation of the CBWTF as per the stipulated conditions and work-plan submitted by the proponent. The SPCB/PCC shall also ensure regular inspection of the CBWTF. It is the duty of the healthcare units to hand over the segregated biomedical waste to the CBWTF operator as per the Bio-medical Waste (Management & Handling) Rules as well as compatible with treatment facilities at CBWTF as suggested by the operator. The CBWTF operator shall list out daily such healthcare units that are not handing over the 21

25 segregated bio-medical waste and the same shall be communicated to the SPCB/PCC every week. The SPCB/PCC shall take an immediate action against the defaulter healthcare units of such violation. (viii) The CBWTF operator shall carry out following tests at least quarterly from the approved laboratory and submit the quarterly report of the same to the SPCB/PCC: (a) (b) (c) (d) Stack Emission Monitoring Test of the incinerator for parameters such as Particulate Matter, HCl, NO x, CO, CO 2, O 2 and combustion efficiency as required under the Bio-medical Waste (Management & Handling) Rules. Validation test of autoclave/microwave/hydroclave. VOCs in incineration ash The applicable parameters of any effluent being discharged from the CBWTF. (14) CHECK LIST FOR DEVELOPMENT OF CBWTF: The criteria for development of CBWTF have been discussed in detail in the previous sections. However, to have at a glance check in developing CBWTF, checklist is reproduced for convenience and is annexed (Annexure-IV). (15) PERIODIC INSPECTION/MONITORING OR PERFORMANCE EVALUATION OF THE CBWTF: To have uniformity in performance evaluation of the CBWTF throughout the country, a check list for performance evaluation of the CBWTF for carrying out inspection/monitoring/compliance verification has been prepared and is annexed (Annexure V). All the regulatory authority (SPCB/PCC) has to inspect the CBWTFs at least once in six months located in the respective State/UT and a copy of the reports are required to be submitted to the CPCB and MoEF along with a copy of the action taken for ensuring compliance to the BMW Rules and CPCB guidelines issued from time to time. Upon receipt of the inspection reports from the SPCBs and PCCs, CPCB has to carryout random inspections within the next 3 months period. 22

26 -- OO -- 23

27 Design and Construction of Bio-medical Waste Incinerator Annexure I 1. General 1. These guidelines shall be applicable only to the new installation of incinerators. However, the existing incinerator shall be retrofitted with Air Pollution Control Device as mentioned in these guidelines. 2. Incinerator shall be allowed only at Common Bio-medical Waste Treatment Facility (CBWTF). 3. Installation of individual incineration facility by a healthcare unit shall be discouraged as far as possible but approval may be granted only in certain inevitable situations where no other option is available. 2. Incinerator Following design criteria may be adopted for better performance: i. The incinerator shall be designed for capacity more than 50 kg/hr. For 50 kg/hr capacity, the minimum hearth area shall be 0.75 sq. m (8 sq. feet) and the minimum flow of the flue gas in the secondary chamber shall be 0.6m3/sec at 1050 C. Each incinerator must be installed with an air pollution control system (as specified in the section 3). ii. The size of the opening through which the waste is charged shall be larger than the size of the waste bag to be fed. The volume of the primary chamber shall be at least five times the volume of one batch. iii. The double chamber incinerator shall preferably be designed on "controlled-air" incineration principle, as particulate matter emission is low in such incinerator. Minimum 100% excess air shall be used for overall design. Air supply in the primary and secondary chamber shall be regulated between 30%-80% and 170%-120%of stoichiometric amount respectively. Primary air shall be admitted near / at the hearth for better contact. Flow meter / suitable flow measurement device shall be provided on the primary & secondary air ducting. The combustion air shall be supplied through a separate forced draft fan after accounting for the air supplied through burners. Optional: For higher capacity incinerators, typically above 250 kg/hr, other design e.g. Rotary Kiln shall be 24

28 preferred, in case the total bio-medical waste treated in a batch (8 hour) is exceeding 2.5 Tons. iv. A minimum negative draft of 1.27 to 2.54 mm of WC (Water Column) shall be maintained in the primary chamber to avoid leakage of gaseous emissions from the chamber and for safety reasons. Provision shall be made in the primary chamber to measure the Water Column pressure. v. The waste shall be fed into the incinerator in small batches after the fixed interval of time in case of fixed hearth incinerator and continuous charging using appropriate feeding mechanism in case of rotary kiln incinerator or as recommended by the manufacturer. The size of the hearth i.e. primary chamber shall be designed properly. vi. The sides and the top portion of the primary and secondary chambers shall preferably have rounded corner from inside to avoid possibility of formation of black pockets/dead zones. vii. The size of the secondary chamber shall be properly designed so as to facilitate a minimum of one second of residence time to gas flow. For the estimation of residence time in the secondary chamber its volume shall be calculated starting from the secondary burner tip to the thermocouple. viii. The refractory lining of the chamber shall be strong enough to sustain minimum temperature of 1000 C in the primary chamber and 1200 C in the secondary chamber. The refractory & insulation bricks shall have minimum 115 mm thickness each & conform to IS: & IS: respectively. ix. The Incinerator shell shall be made of mild steel plate of adequate thickness (minimum 5 mm thick) & painted externally with heat resistant aluminum paint suitable to withstand temperature of 250 C with proper surface preparation. Refractory lining of the hot duct shall be done with refractory castable (minimum 45 mm thick) & insulating castable (minimum 80 mm thick). Ceramic wool shall be used at hot duct flanges & expansion joints. x. The thermocouple location shall be as follows: In Primary chamber- Before admission of secondary air In Secondary chamber - At the end of secondary chamber or before admission of dilution medium to cool the gas xi. There shall be a separate burner each for the Primary & Secondary chamber. The heat input capacity of each burner shall be sufficient to raise the temperature in the primary and secondary chambers as 800±50 C and 1050±50 C respectively within maximum of 60 minutes prior to waste charging. The burners shall have automatic switching "off/on" control to 25

29 avoid the fluctuations of temperatures beyond the required temperature range. (a) (b) (c) (d) Each burner shall be equipped with spark igniter and main burner. Proper flame safeguard of the burner shall be installed. Provide view ports to observe flame of the burner. Flame of the primary burner xii. xiii. xiv. xv. shall be pointing towards the centre of the hearth. shall be having a length such that it touches the waste but does not impinge directly on the refractory floor or wall. The secondary burner shall be positioned in such a way that the flue gas passes through the flame. There shall not be any manual handling during charging of waste in to the primary chamber of the incinerator. The waste shall be charged in bags through automatic feeding device at the manufacturer's recommended intervals ensuring no direct exposure of furnace atmosphere to the operator. The device shall prevent leak age of the hot flue gas & any backfire. The waste shall be introduced on the hearth in such a way so as to prevent the heap formation. Suitable raking arrangement shall be provided for uniform spreading of waste on the hearth. A tamper-proof PLC (Programmable Logic Control) based control system shall be installed to prevent: (a) Waste charging until the required temperature in the chambers are attained during beginning of the operation of the incinerator. (b) Waste charging unless primary & secondary chambers are maintained at the specified temperature range. (c) Waste charging in case of any unsafe conditions such as - very high temperature in the primary & secondary chambers; failure of the combustion air fan, ID fan, recirculation pump; low water pressure& high temperature of the flue gas at the outlet of air pollution control device. The incineration system must have an emergency vent. The emergency vent shall remain closed i.e it shall not emit flue gases during normal operation of the incinerator. Each incineration system shall have graphic or computer recording devices which shall automatically and continuously monitor and record dates, time 26

30 of day, batch sequential number and operating parameters such as temperatures in both the chambers. CO, CO 2, and O 2 in gaseous emission shall also be measured daily (at least ½ hour at one minute interval). xvi. The possibility of providing heat recovery system/heat exchanger with the incinerator shall also be considered wherever possible. xvii. Structural design of the chimney / stack shall be as per IS: The chimney/stack shall be lined from inside with minimum of 3 mm thick natural hard rubber suitable for the duty conditions and shall also conform to IS:4682 Part I-1968 to avoid corrosion due to oxygen and acids in the flue gas. xviii. The location and specification of porthole, platform ladder etc. shall be as per the Emission Regulations, Part-3 (COINDS/20/ ), published by CPCB. 3. Air Pollution Control Device It is not possible to comply with the emission limit of 150 mg/nm3 (corrected to 12% CO2) for Particulate Matter, without Air Pollution Control Device (APCD). Therefore, a bio-medical waste incinerator shall always be equipped with APCD. i. No incinerator shall be allowed to operate unless equipped with APCD. ii. The incinerator shall be equipped with High Pressure Venturi Scrubber System as ordinary APCD such as wet scrubber or cyclonic separator cannot achieve the prescribed emission limit. For the facilities operating for 24 hrs a day, APCD in terms of quenching followed by cyclone separator, dry lime injection & activated carbon followed by bag filter can be considered. iii. The details of High Pressure Venturi Scrubber System as given below: (a) The venturi scrubber shall have minimum pressure drop of 350 mm WC to achieve the prescribed emission limit. The temperature of the flue gas at the outlet of the venturi scrubber shall be approx C to ensure the saturation of the flue gas. (b) The venturi scrubber shall preferably be made of stainless steel - 316L grade or better material or mild steel lined with acid resistant bricks to avoid corrosion. (c) The water to be used in venturi scrubber shall be added with caustic soda solution to maintain the ph of the scrubbing liquid above

31 (d) (e) (f) (g) (h) The scrubbing medium shall be ltrs/m3 of saturated flue gas at venturi outlet. This shall be done using a pump & piping made of stainless steel -316 grades or better material. The scrubbing medium shall be recirculated as far as possible. Venturi scrubber shall be followed by centrifugal type droplet separator to remove water droplets from flue gas. The material of construction of the droplet separator and interconnecting ducting from venturi scrubber to droplet separator, droplet separator to ID fan & ID fan to stack, shall be mild steel lined from inside with minimum 3 mm thick natural hard rubber suitable for the duty conditions and shall also conform to IS: 4682 Part I-1968 to avoid corrosion due to oxygen and acids in the wet flue gas. The wastewater generated from the air pollution control device shall be properly handled so as to avoid any non-compliance of the regulatory requirements. Stack emission monitoring and ash analysis as per the requirement of the Bio-medical Waste (Management & Handling) Rules, 1998, shall be done quarterly i.e. once in every three months and record shall be maintained by the facility operator. 4. Incinerator room and waste storage room i. The incinerator structure shall be built in a room with proper roofing and cross ventilation. There shall be minimum of 1.5 m clear distance in all the directions from the incinerator structure to the wall of the incinerator room. ii. Adjacent to the incinerator room, there shall be a waste storage area. It shall be properly ventilated and so designed that waste can be stored in racks and washing can be done very easily. The waste storage room shall be washed and chemically disinfected daily. iii. The floor and inner wall of the incinerator and storage rooms shall have outer covering of impervious and glazed material so as to avoid retention of moisture and for easy cleaning. iv. The incineration ash shall be stored in a closed sturdy container in a masonry room to avoid any pilferage. Finally, the ash shall be disposed in a secured landfill. 5. Operator of the incinerator 28

32 i. A skilled person shall be designated to operate and maintain the incinerator. The operator shall have adequate qualification in relevant subject and shall be trained and certified by the incinerator supplier in operation & maintenance of the incinerator. ii. There shall be at least one assistant designated at the incinerator plant to keep track of the wastes, records of incinerator operation, cleanliness of the surrounding area and incinerator & waste storage room. They shall also take care of waste charging and incineration ash disposal. iii. All the staff at the incinerator plant shall put on protective gears such as gumboots, gloves, eye glasses, etc. for safety reasons. iv. Any accident occurred shall immediately be reported to the facility operator. The facility operator shall have well defined strategies to deal with such accident/emergency. Note: The incinerator should be procured only from the manufacturing unit having registered under the Factories Act, 1948 and Companies Act, [The guidelines will help in selection/installation of better incinerator system. However, it shall be ensured that the incinerator shall comply with the standards stipulated in the Bio-medical Waste (Management & Handling) Rules, 1998.] -- OO -- 29

33 Annexure-II Format for maintaining the Records by the CBWTF Operator alongwith the Vehicle used for collection of bio-medical waste from the member HCFs Name of the CBWTF : Address of the CBWTF with contact details : Vehicle Registration Number (certificate to be carried by the vehicle driver) : Route covered (indicate places ) by the vehicle : Date Time of arrival of the vehicle Vehicle Speedometer mileage readings in KM Initial Final Name of the HCF from whom waste collected Category-wise quantity of bio-medical waste received in kg Yellow Red Blue Out dated Waste medicines Sharps Name of the Vehicle driver Vehicle Driver Signatures Representative of the HCF 30

34 Log book for Operating the Incinerator Annexure -III Date Time Quantity of BMW charged in one hour in Kg Temperature maintained in O C Primary Chamber Secondary Chamber After scrubbing in exit stack gas Negative draft in primary chamber (in mm of water column) Pressure drop across venture scrubber (in mm of water column) p H level of scrubbed liquid Average values of flue gas analysis results observed during the incineration process CO in mg/nm 3 O 2 in % CO 2 in % Consumption of electricity and Diesel Power (indicate electricity meter reading) Initial reading Final reading Diesel in liters Net Quantity of waste received in Kg Net Quantity of Waste left over in Kg (17)= (16) (3) (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10) (11) (12) (13) 14) (15) (16) (17) Log Book for Operating the Autoclave Date Time Batch number Quantity of waste feeding per batch in Kg Temperature and Pressure in every ten minutes Temperature in O C Pressure in psi Strip test result (indicate for each batch with a proof) Consumption of electricity and Diesel Power electricity reading) (indicate meter Diesel liters in Net Quantity of waste received in Kg Net Quantity of Waste left over in Kg (12)= (11) (4) Initial Final reading reading (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10) (11) (12) 31

35 Annexure -IV CHECK LIST FOR DEVELOPMENT OF A COMMON BIO-MEDICAL WASTE TREATMENT FACILITY & FOR ISSUING CONSENT TO ESTABLISHMENT UNDER WATER & AIR ACTS 1. Name of the Proponent : 2. Proposed location of the CBWTF : 3. No. of HCFs in the locality : 4. No. beds : 5. Total Bio-medical Waste Generation in kg/day : (i) Incinerable in kg/day : (ii) Autoclavable in kg/day : (iii) Glass waste in kg/day : (iv) Waste sharps in kg/day : 6. Proposed location of the CBWTF: located away from a) Residential area : b) Sensitive area : c) Industrial area : Yes d) Is it located at a distance 1 KM : from residential & sensitive area e) Is it as a part of TSDF : f) Is the facility proposed in Metropolitan city: g) Is the facility proposed in Hilly Region : 7. Proposed land for CBWTF: a) Area about 1 acre : b) Area less than 1 Acre : c) Area more than 1 Acre : 8. Proposed coverage area of the CBWTF: a) Any facility located : Yes upto a radius of 150 KM 32

36 from the proposed locality b) No. of beds covered by the existing facility/proposed facility: (i) more than 10, 000 beds : (ii) less than 10,000 beds : c) Is there any CBWTF within the radius of 150 KM: d) Is locality requires any additional capacity (within a radius of 150 KMs)?. : (i) If so, indicate reason: Requirement of Treatment Facility: Following treatment facilities shall be provided in any common facility: a) Autoclave (Pre-vaccum horizontal feeding) / Hydroclave / Microwave. : a) Incineration (for waste belonging to categories 1, 2 and 5 only.) : Yes b) Shredder : c) Sharp pit (with drawing details) : d) Encapsulation/Recovery of metal in some factory: e) in washing/floor washing/vehicle washing: f) Effluent Treatment Plant : g) Secured land fill/disposal of ash in TSDF: 10. Segregation (i). (ii). (iii). Segregation shall be as per the Bio-medical Waste (M & H) Rules, 1998 as amended as well as compatible with treatment facilities at CBWTF as suggested by the operator Generator is responsible for providing segregated waste to the operator. The operator shall not accept un-segregated waste and report the matter to the prescribed authority. 11. Collection (i) Respective coloured bags should be kept in similar coloured container i.e. coloured bags shall not be directly kept in vehicle. 33

37 (ii) (iii) Sharps shall be collected in puncture resistant containers. Temporary storage at healthcare unit shall be designated. 12. Transport Vehicle (I) (II) (III) (IV) (V) (VI) (VII) (VIII) 13. Storage (I) (II) Dedicated vehicles for collection of Bio-Medical Waste. Separate cabins shall be provided for driver/staff and the biomedical waste containers. The base of the waste cabin shall be leak proof to avoid pilferage of liquid during transportation. The waste cabin may be designed for storing waste containers in tiers. The waste cabin shall be so designed that it is easy to wash and disinfect. The inner surface of the waste cabin shall be made of smooth surface to minimize water retention. The waste cabin shall have provisions of sufficient openings in the rear and/or sides so that waste containers can be easily loaded and unloaded. The vehicle shall be labeled with the bio-medical waste symbol (as per the Schedule III of Rules) and should display the name, address and telephone number of the CBWTF. Sufficient ventilated storage space for untreated and treated biomedical waste shall be provided. The flooring and walls (to a height of 2M from floor) shall be finished with smooth and fine material. There shall be minimum number of joints. 14. Record Keeping (I) (II) Documents such as collection advice taken from health care units for each category of waste, records of waste movements, logbook for the equipment and site records shall be maintained. All the record shall be available at the CBWTF site for inspection. : 15. Proposed Treated Waste Disposal method: 34

38 (i). Incineration ash - Secured landfill/near by TSDF: (ii). Treated solid waste - Municipal landfill : (iii). Plastic waste after disinfection and shredding Registered Recycling Unit or municipal landfill : (iv). Sharps, after disinfection ( if encapsulated ) - Municipal landfill : (v). Treated wastewater - Sewer/drain or recycling : (vi). (vi) Oil & grease incineration: : 16. Estimated energy consumption and fuel consumption per month : (i) Estimated energy consumption per month (a) General lighting in the facility : (b) Incinerator : (c) Autolcave/microwave : (d) Shredder : (e) ETP : (f) Any other : (ii) Estimated fuel consumption: (a) Diesel consumption : in Kl per month (b) No. of hours of operation of DG Set : (c) No. of hours of incineration : 17. Whether the proponent obtained necessary approvals from the concerned departments as required : (i) If yes, attach details 18. Whether the proposal recommended for issuing consent to establish :: 35

39 (Signature of the official verified with date) 36

40 Check List for Performance Evaluation of the Common Bio-medical Waste Treatment Facility (CBWTF) S.No. Details Particulars 01. Name of CBWTF with contact details : 02. Date of visit : 03. Location details of the CBWTF : a) In /near to Residential area: Annexure -V b) In/near Sensitive area: c) In Industrial area : d) Is it located at a distance at least 1 KM from residential & sensitive area: Indicate exact distance: e) Is it as a part of TSDF: in KM 04 Month / year of establishment and the Consents status 05. CBWTF set up by : 06. CBWTF operated by : 07. Total number of healthcare facilities and beds covered (as on date of visit) 08. Total Bio-medical Waste Treatment f) Is the facility proposed in Metropolitan city: (i)name of the City: g) Is the facility proposed in Hilly Region : (i)name of the City: : Establishment Month/Year : : No. of HCFs : No. of Beds : No. of beds upto 150 KM radius : No. of beds more than 150 KM radius: : Incineration : Autoclave : 37

41 Capacity of CBWTF (in kg / day) Any other treatment and disposal: 09. Consents and Authorization details : Consent under Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1974 Consent under Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, Environmental Clearance ( EC) 9.4 Authorization under BMW Rules, Investment in setting up the CBWTF 11. Area of plot size for CBWTF (Sq. ft.) 12 Annual Report submission for the year. : Applied for Possess Valid Consent Not renewed No consent If obtained: Consent is valid upto. and issued by..spcb/pcc vide letter dated : Applied for Possess Valid Consent Not renewed No consent If obtained: Consent is valid upto. and issued by..spcb/pcc vide letter dated Applied for Not applied Obtained Not obtained If obtained: EC issued by MoEF vide letter dated : Applied for Possess Valid Consent Not renewed No consent If obtained: Consent is valid upto. and issued by..spcb/pcc vide letter dated : : : Submitted before due date : :Yes If yes, provide details of waste collected, received and treated & disposed of:.,,. & Coverage area of : Coverage area upto 150 km radius: CBWTF (radius in KM covered) 13. Name of : Districts/Cities / places being covered 14. Daily operation : Collection : am to. pm. 38

42 schedule (timings) Incineration :.AM to.pm 15. Cost charged to the : healthcare facilities 16. Total quantity of bio-medical waste treated: kg/day (avg.) 16.1 Incinerable :. % 16.2 Autoclaving :.% 16.3 Others (please specify) :.% 17. Staff involvement in CBWTF operation (number of persons): 17.1 Managerial / : Administration 17.2 Equipment operations : 17.3 Transportation of : BMW 17.4 Sanitation and others : 17.5 Total persons : excluding managers 18.0 Collection and Transportation of bio-medical waste from member HCFs : 18.1 No. of Vehicles used : for collection of waste from member HCFs 18.2 Vehicles are labeled as : per BMW Rules 18.3 Vehicles used are as : per CPCB Guidelines 19.0 Temporary untreated : Satisfactory No satisfactory waste storage area 20.0 Mode of conveyance of bio-medical waste : Closed Trolley/Pull cart with bio-hazard symbol from untreated waste No Closed Trolley/Pull cart storage area to the Others like treatment equipment within the CBWTF 21.0 Treatment equipment installed at CBWTF 21.1 Incinerator capacity :. kg /hr. and make 21.2 Daily Operation : schedule of the incinerator (timings) 39

43 21.3 Consumption of auxiliary fuels 21.4 Stack attached with the incinerator 21.5 Monitoring provision attached with the stack 21.6 Is stack monitoring provision satisfactory and as per CPCB guidelines 21.7 air pollution control systems attached with the incinerator 21.8 Waste feeding mechanism 21.9 Is PLC and automatic recording system (for recording operating parameters of the incinerator) attached with the incinerator Operational conditions of the Incineration as observed during the : S. No a) b) c) d) 40 Type Fuel of Consumption Quantity in liters per day Bill numbers of purchase of fuel : Diameter: m Height : m : Platform Porthole access to the platform : Yes No : Quenching : Yes No Venturi scrubber : Yes No Droplet separator : Yes No Mist eliminator : Yes No ID Fan : Yes No Any other : Yes No : Manual feeding : Yes No Automatic feeding : Yes No : (i) PLC synchronized with waste feeding mechanism & in working condition: Yes No (I) PLC synchronized with recording system attached with incinerator and in working condition: Yes No : Temp. in Primary Chamber (range) : Temp. in Secondary Chamber (range): Negative draft in Primacy Chamber :

44 visit.mm of WC Pressure drop in the Venturi : mm of WC Is on-line monitoring system/flue gas analyser attached with the incinerator for flue gas analysis ( i.e CO, O 2 and CO 2 ) Fire safety measures adopted at the diesel storage and other important areas Log book for operation of the incinerator is maintained and satisfactory Details of heat recovery system installed with incinerator Capacity of autoclave and-- make 22.1 Operating conditions of utoclave/microwave as observed during the visit 22.2 Provision made for the autoclave /micorwave 22.3 Spore test or strip test conducted regularly and records maintained : (i) Online monitoring system attached with incinerator: Yes No (ii) Flue gas analyser attached with the incinerator: Yes No (iii) Observed values of flue gas parameters: CO 2:.. % ; O 2: % : and CO: : Yes No : Yes No : Yes No : Autoclave of capacity..kg/cycle and make. installed. : Temperature : in O C Pressure : in psi Residence time : in minutes : Trolley for waste feeding : Yes No Graphic or computer recording device attached: Yes No : Yes No 41

45 22.4 Performance of autoclaving by spore testing or routine test 22.5 Log book maintained for autoclave is satisfactory 23.0 Capacity of shredder and make 24.0 Details of sharp pit / Encapsulation facility 25.0 Water Balance 25.1 Source and quantity of water intake per day (cu.m / day) 25.2 Break up of water usage (such as washing, scrubbing etc.) : Satisfactory Not satisfactory : Yes No :.. kg/hr. Self designed & got fabricated locally. : Sharp Pit provided : Yes No Is it as per CPCB guideline : Yes No Records maintained : Yes No Total quantity of waste sharps stored: Total quantity of waste sharps treated and disposed: : Water consumption source: Water is drawn at.. KLD approximately. Is magnetic flow meter attached to the water source/water storage tank : Yes No S.N o Month (1) Previous month. (2) On the date of visit:.. Magnetic flow meter reading Initial Final If water requirement is met from outside through tankers, provide following details: No. of Tankers procured in a previous six months: Total quantity of water consumed during the previous six months :.... in KLD : Scrubber KL/hr or KLD Washing KLD Disinfections KLD Gardening KLD Domestic KLD 42

46 26.0 Total wastewater : About.KLD generated effluent generated Quantity of treated water reused/recycled in %: per day Any other mode of disposal: 27. Effluent treatment plant details 27.1 ETP Capacity :. KL/Cycle 27.2 Flow Chart of ETP Intake and Discharge of ETP Final mode of disposal of treated water : ETP comprising of : Unit operations : (i) Magnetic Flow measuring device provided at the outlet of ETP: Yes No (ii) Energy meter attached to the ETP: Yes No (iii) Energy consumed over a period of one month: = Units (iv) ph meter attached at the outlet of ETP: Yes No : (i) Treated water is reused in the scrubber: Yes No (ii) Treated water is reused for gardening: Yes No (iii) Treated water is discharged in drain: Yes No (iv) Treated water is discharged in open area: Yes No 28. Status of infrastructure (Yes / No) 28.1 Separate treatment : Yes No equipment room 28.2 Main waste storage : Yes No room 28.3 Treated waste storage : Yes No room 28.4 Administrative room : Yes No 43

47 28.5 Generator set : Yes No (i) Capacity : (ii) Stack attached as : Yes No per DG Set norms (iii) Acoustic : Yes No enclosure provided as per DG Set norms (iv) Is DG Set : Yes No complying to the emissions norms (v) Is DG Set : Yes No complying to the noise level as per Norms 28.6 Site security (high : High walls on all four sides : Yes No walls, fencing, guarded Fencing on all the sides : Yes No gates etc.) Guarded Gates : Yes No 28.7 Parking facility : Yes No 28.8 Sign board : Yes No 28.9 Green belt : Yes No Washing room : Yes No First aid box : Yes No Lighting arrangements : Yes No in the facility Odour problem : Yes No remedial Fire fighting and : Yes No emergency facilities Measures for control : Yes No of pests / insects etc Protective gear for : waste handlers Telephone facility : 29. Record keeping details 29.1 Waste Movement : Yes No /Manifest record 29.2 Log book for : Yes No 44

48 treatment equipment 29.3 Site records : Yes No 29.4 Incineration ash : Yes No generation and final disposal records 29.5 Treated plastic waste : Yes No generation and its sale to the registered recycler 29.6 Syringes treated and : Yes No its final disposal record 30. Collection and transportation status (Yes / No)* 30.1 Whether waste : Yes No collected in a container of similar colour with label as per the Rules? 30.2 Whether the person : Yes No who collects BMW maintain a register with him / her? 30.3 Has due attention : Yes No have been given in vehicles to prevent spillage / pilferage/ loading / unloading etc.? 30.4 Is the vehicle labeled : Yes No with the symbol and display the name, address, telephone number etc.? 30.5 Does the CBWTF : Yes No operator use satellite station to store the waste? If yes, give details 30.6 The CBWTF operator collects waste daily or : Yes No 45

49 alternate day? Whether criterion of 48 hours is complied? 31. Disposal of treated waste: 31.1 Plastic waste after : treatment 31.2 Treated sharps : 31.3 Incineration ash : 31.4 Other treated solid : wastes 31.5 Oil & grease : 31.6 Treated wastewater : 32. Frequency of : The reported frequency of monitoring was: - incinerator / autoclave Stack monitoring : Monthly/Quarterly/Yearly / microwave / Waste water : Monthly/Quarterly/Yearly hydroclave / ETP Incineration ash : Monthly/Quarterly/Yearly discharge effluent testing and name of the laboratory (specify Copies of the analysis reports of treated effluent, incinerated ash, stack monitoring. approved or not). Give details of compliance / non-compliance) Frequency of site :.no. of times in a year by 32.1 inspection by SPCB/PCC/CPCB SPCBs/PCCs/CPCB/any other agencies 33. Monitoring Results : 33.1 Incinerator stack emission (parameters stipulated in the Rules, temperature attainment in the chambers, residence time in the secondary chamber etc.) 33.2 Incineration ash characteristics : Parameter PM SO 2 HCl NOx C.E. Date LIMIT % Date of monitoring: All values are in mg/nm 3, except CE : Characteristics as per Schedule II of HWM Rules: 46

50 33.3 ETP inlet/outlet characteristics : Is it hazardous waste as per HWM Rules: Yes No Parameter ph TSS COD BOD O&G ETP Inlet Result ETP Outlet Result All values are in mg/l except ph 34. Name of the officials inspected /monitored the facility 35. Any other relevant observations : 47