CONFEDERATION TO CONSTITUTION CHAPTER 8

Transcription

1 CONFEDERATION TO CONSTITUTION CHAPTER 8

2 SHAYS REBELLION ( ) Farmers rebellion against unfair taxes in MA MA state militia stopped the rebellion Caused leaders of the new country to realize they needed a stronger national govt to deal with such problems

3 REPUBLIC Govt where people choose representatives to govern them Like in Ancient Roman republic, not all people would be considered citizens and be able to vote Women, African Americans, and even some white men couldn t vote b/c had to own property to qualify in most states

4 STATE CONSTITUTIONS After the D of I, many colonies/states started to write their own consitutitions This is where many of the rights we have and laws we have were first made ex: VA protected freedom of press and religion

5 ARTICLES OF CONFEDERATION (1781) First set of laws governing our country National gov t would be run by a legislative body called Confederation of Congress Each state had only one vote in Congress Most important powers were left up to the states (enforce laws and set taxes)

6 LAND ORDINANCE OF 1785 Divided up the Northwest Territory (would become OH, IN, MI, IL, WI, MN)

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8 NORTHWEST ORDINANCE (1787) Decided how the Northwest Territory would be governed since they were not states If they reached 60,000 people they could apply to become a state Slavery would be outlawed

9 ECONOMIC PROBLEMS Confederation could not collect taxes so it struggled to pay off loans from the war including pay owed to soldiers States raised taxes to pay off debts but people couldn t make the high payments

10 CONSTITUTIONAL CONVENTION (1787) George Washington was president of the convention 55 delegates from all 13 states ( Founding Fathers ) All delegates were white men

11 VIRGINIA PLAN Proposed three branches of govt and two house legislature representation based on population Proposed that each branch of govt could check and balance each other

12 NEW JERSEY PLAN Proposed a single house legislature Each state would have equal vote in legislature

13 GREAT COMPROMISE Created the setup of new govt that we still have today Created one part of legislature to be called the Senate where each state would have an equal vote Created another part of legislature to be called House of Representatives where representation would be based on population

14 3 BRANCHES OF GOVERNMENT Legislative branch- make the laws, disperse $, declare war Executive branch- enforce the laws (president, cabinet advisors, etc) Judicial branch- interpret the laws

15 ARTICLE 1 Sets up Congress and how it will work

16 ARTICLE 2 Sets up the executive branch and how it will work

17 ARTICLE 3 Sets up the Judicial branch and how it will work

18 3/5 COMPROMISE 3/5 of slave population would be counted towards both representation and taxation Only way southern states would ratify the constitution was to put this into law and to not restrict their right to own and sell slaves

19 ANTI FEDERALISTS People who opposed the new form of govt Wanted more power with the states and less with national govt Supported by people in small states and rural areas

20 FEDERALISTS People who supported the Constitution and the new form of govt Supported by people in large states and cities

21 FEDERALIST PAPERS Essays that helped to promote the ideas of the new govt around the country Written by John Jay, Alexander Hamilton, and James Madison

22 BILL OF RIGHTS Supported by Thomas Jefferson VA would not ratify the Constitution without adding a Bill of Rights Written by James Madison First ten amendments to the constitution

23 Its legacy is that it made the Constitution a living document that can be changed by adding amendments Actually was 12 amendments but only ten were ratified by the states

24 ADDING AN AMENDMENT 2/3 of Congress has vote and approve an amendment Then 3/4 of states have to approve it

25 RELIGION AND THE BILL OF RIGHTS Before the constitution, the state gov t enforced religious laws which was a source of a lot of social conflict Madison and Jefferson knew this and thought this needed to be changed to protect the new government

26 First amendment guarantees religious freedom and creates separation of church and state

27 CONSTITUTION RATIFIED 1791, the last state ratifies the Constitution Once 9 states ratified it (1788), it became law Washington is elected our 1 st president in 1789 and the 1 st Congress meets in 1789