SECTION 2. 2 AIR QUALITY ASSESSMENT

Transcription

1 Hartington Reclamation Environmental Statement SECTION 2. 2 AIR QUALITY ASSESSMENT Tawnywood Ltd September 2011

2 Hartington Reclamation, Derbyshire for TAWNYWOOD LIMITED by VIBROCK LIMITED Report No. R /4/A/PC Date:

3 This report has been prepared by: P CLAYTON Consultant and authorised by: D B JOHNSON Director Date: Vibrock Limited Shanakiel Ilkeston Road Heanor Derbyshire DE75 7DR UK Tel: +44 (0) Fax: +44 (0) vibrock@vibrock.com Report No. R /4/A/PC Tawnywood Limited Web:

4 AIR QUALITY CONTENTS Section Page Number 1.0 Introduction Methodology Planning Policy and Air Quality Strategy Baseline Conditions Impact Assessment Mitigation, Dust Action Plan and Monitoring Scheme Summary and Conclusions References 12 Tables 1-8 Vibrock Limited Shanakiel Ilkeston Road Heanor Derbyshire DE75 7DR UK Tel: +44 (0) Fax: +44 (0) vibrock@vibrock.com Report No. R /4/A/PC Tawnywood Limited Web:

5 1.0 INTRODUCTION 1.1 Tawnywood Limited intend to apply for planning permission to recover secondary aggregates and opencast coal with ancillary development at Hartington Reclamation site, Staveley in Derbyshire. 1.2 Vibrock Limited were engaged by Tawnywood Limited to consider the effects of noise and air quality from such activities. This report considers the effects on air quality from the excavation, movement and processing of material within the site and from vehicle movements to and from the site. 1.3 The study commenced with an inspection of the site in February It is understood that this report will support the planning application which is to be submitted to the Planning Authority, Derbyshire County Council. Report No. R /4/A/PC Tawnywood Limited Page 1

6 2.0 METHODOLOGY 2.1 Any changes to air quality as a result of a development project, either local or regional, require to be assessed. 2.2 The starting point in any assessment is to determine the existing conditions before the development commences. For the Hartington Reclamation site, background pollutant concentrations are taken from the DEFRA web site, where the information is provided as a series of maps or at 1 km grid intersections based on Ordnance Survey co-ordinates. If available, this information is supplemented by more local air quality monitoring. 2.3 The development is then studied to identify those elements that could result in changes to air quality, taking account of any mitigation measures that are being proposed as an integral part of the design. 2.4 Any change to the baseline conditions is then assessed, qualitatively, to determine the level of significance of any change. 2.5 If necessary, additional mitigation measures are suggested that would reduce any negative impacts arising as a result of the development. The magnitude of any residual impact is then assessed. Report No. R /4/A/PC Tawnywood Limited Page 2

7 3.0 PLANNING POLICY AND AIR QUALITY STRATEGY 3.1 Planning Policy Statement (PPS) 23: Planning and Pollution Control advises that any air quality consideration that relates to land use and its development is capable of being a material planning consideration. 3.2 Minerals Policy Statement (MPS) 2: Controlling and Mitigating the Environmental Effects of Minerals Extraction in England, Annex 1: Dust is a statement of the policy considerations in relation to dust from mineral workings and associated operations, and contains a flow chart for the consideration of impacts of PM 10 from a proposed site. 3.3 The 2008 European ambient air quality directive (2008/50/EC) replaced nearly all the previous EU air quality legislation and was made law in England through the Air Quality Regulations Legally binding limits are set for concentrations in outdoor air of major air pollutants such as particulate matter (PM 10 and PM 2.5 ) nitrogen dioxide (NO 2 ), certain toxic heavy metals and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. 3.5 If particulate matter from a minerals extraction process has the potential to result in levels of PM 10 exceeding objectives, mitigation measures have to be implemented, otherwise permission is likely to be refused. Report No. R /4/A/PC Tawnywood Limited Page 3

8 4.0 BASELINE CONDITIONS 4.1 As previously discussed, the levels of background pollutants have been taken from the DEFRA data published on the web, corrected if required, to the years of interest. 4.2 Values for the year 2011, the earliest year when the reclamation, if permitted, could start, have been extracted or calculated from published data. The values are shown in Table 2, together with the air quality objectives. 4.3 Under Part IV of the Environment Act 1995 local authorities are required to review and assess air quality in their areas to identify areas where air quality is unlikely to meet the objectives within the relevant periods. The Government has recommended a phased approach to the review and assessment process, the intention being that local authorities only undertake as much work as necessary dependent upon the extent of the air quality problems in their area. 4.4 European Directive 2008/50/EC was transposed into English law in The Air Quality Standards (England) Regulations 2010 and sets out limit values for sulphur dioxide, nitrogen dioxide, benzene, lead, fine particles (PM 10 ) and carbon monoxide. 4.5 The European Directive includes air quality objectives for PM 2.5, but which have not yet been incorporated into LAQM Regulations and thus no specific limits have yet been adopted. 4.6 Where a local authority finds that a prescribed objective is likely to be exceeded it must declare an Air Quality Management Area (AQMA) and draw up an action plan identifying changes that will be necessary to improve air quality. 4.7 The 2010 Air Quality Progress Report issued by Chesterfield Borough Council concluded that none of the air quality objectives were exceeded. 4.8 Monitoring of deposited dust levels was undertaken at Hartington House, a residential property adjacent to the access road to Hartington Industrial Estate, which would also serve the proposed site, in order to establish dust levels prior to any site activity. Report No. R /4/A/PC Tawnywood Limited Page 4

9 5.0 IMPACT ASSESSMENT Introduction 5.1 The activities associated with the Hartington Reclamation have the potential to impact on the local environs with respect to air quality. These impacts fall into two main areas:- a) The operations carried out on the application site and connected with the removal and recycling of the secondary aggregates from the former foundry tip, the excavation of coal by opencast methods and the restoration works; and b) The road transport movements generated by the proposed activities. Site Activity Impact on Air Quality 5.2 Annex 1 of Minerals Policy Statement 2, Controlling and Mitigating the Environmental Effects of Minerals Extraction in England for the potential impact of PM 10 from mineral sites, issued March 2005, contains an amended version of an assessment framework. 5.3 To follow the framework the first step is to assess whether the site has a community or particularly sensitive users/premises within 1000m of the site boundary. 5.4 The second step is then to assess whether the extra burden of PM 10 particulates from the site is likely to exceed to the National Air Quality Objectives (AQO). 5.5 To undertake this assessment it is recommended that Automatic urban and Rural Network (AURN) data be accessed, via the DEFRA air quality website. 5.6 If the AURN data indicates that the additional load attributable to site operations, to be taken as 1 µg/m 3 for the scope of this assessment, would bring the area above the AQO then this would indicate that there may be a need for monitoring and control mechanisms. These would be required to be put into place in order to reduce the potential to create PM 10 dust from the site on those days that exceed the standard. 5.7 If the AURN data indicates that the additional load attributable to site operations along of 1 µg/m 3 would not cause any breach of the AQO, this would indicate that there would be no justification for any additional monitoring and controls over and above best practice measures. Road Transport Impact on Air Quality 5.8 The Highways Agency Design Manual for Roads and Bridges (DMRB) includes a screening method for the assessment of air quality associated with such traffic movements. Report No. R /4/A/PC Tawnywood Limited Page 5

10 5.9 The following information is required: Traffic flow. The annual average daily traffic flow (AADT) is required for the measure of traffic flow and should be sourced from measured flows The percentage of Heavy Duty Vehicles on each individual road link Traffic growth for the relevant year dependant on the pollutant being assessed Traffic speed. Basic daily average speed for two way flow is adequate for both road links and junctions but hourly speed data can be used if available 5.10 The traffic flows adjacent to the development site have been provided by URS/Scott Wilson, Traffic Consultants for the project, and are given in Table 1 for 2011 and The air quality around the proposed site in 2011, without the development, is shown in Table 3, while Table 4 shows the air quality for the same year if the reclamation occurs Table 5 presents the air quality in 2016 without the reclamation and Table 6 shows the air quality for the same year if the development occurs. Table 7 gives the projected PM 10 concentrations for 2011 and 2016 if the reclamation was to proceed. Table 8 shows the current level of dust soiling at Hartington House, adjacent to the site access road Guidance in the DEFRA document Local Air Quality Management Technical Guidance of February 2009 (LAQM.TG(09)) states that roads with significantly changed traffic flows should be assessed for nitrogen dioxide and PM 10, whereas quarries, landfill sites, opencast coal, waste transfer or material handling sites should be assessed for PM These pollutants, together with carbon monoxide, benzene and 1.3 Butadiene are included in the DMRB screening method which considers the impact on air quality from road traffic only. Carbon Monoxide 5.15 The calculated background concentration of carbon monoxide (CO) for Hartington for 2011, given in Table 3, is 0.4 mgm -3 while the total concentration of CO in 2011 either with or without the reclamation is 0.45 µgm The background concentration of CO in 2016 is slightly less than in 2011, and both with and without the reclamation the total concentration of CO in 2016 is calculated to be 0.44 mgm The projected concentrations of CO for 2011 and 2016, either with or without the reclamation are therefore expected to be well within the Air Quality Objective for Carbon Monoxide of 10 mgm -3. Report No. R /4/A/PC Tawnywood Limited Page 6

11 Benzene 5.18 The projected annual mean concentration for benzene at Hartington in 2011, given in Table 3, is 0.6 µgm In the same year, either with or without the reclamation, the total concentration for benzene is 0.65 µgm In 2016 the background concentration of benzene is 0.6 µgm -3 and, both with and without the reclamation, the total concentration, calculated using the DMRB spreadsheet, is 0.65 µgm The air quality objective for benzene is 5 µgm -3, to be achieved by the end of 2010, and so all projected concentrations of benzene are therefore well within the objective. 1.3 Butadiene 5.22 The running background annual mean estimation for 1.3 butadiene in Hartington in 2011, given in Table 3, is 0.43 µgm Either with and without the reclamation, the total concentration for 1.3 butadiene in 2011 is 0.44 µgm In 2016, the background concentration of 1.3 butadiene is 0.42 µgm -3, and both with or without the reclamation, the total concentration would be 0.43 µgm All concentrations are therefore well below the air quality objective of 2.25 µgm -3 for 1.3 butadiene. Nitrogen Dioxide 5.26 The annual mean background nitrogen dioxide (NO 2 ) concentration for 2011 for Hartington, given in Table 3 is 12.1 µgm -3, and that with no development the road traffic at the junction of Farndale Road and Eckington Road would increase the NO 2 concentration to 12.5 µgm Table 4 considers air quality in 2011 if the development was to occur and shows that the total concentration of nitrogen dioxide is calculated to be 12.6 µgm In 2016 the background concentration of nitrogen dioxide is 10.39, and with no reclamation, the total concentration of NO 2 is expected to be 10.8 µgm With the development, in 2016 the total NO 2 concentration is calculated to be 10.9 µgm The air quality objective for nitrogen dioxide is 40 µgm -3 annual mean to be achieved by the end of 2005, and hence the projected concentrations of nitrogen dioxide are all below the objective. Report No. R /4/A/PC Tawnywood Limited Page 7

12 Particulate Matter 5.31 The following projected PM 10 concentrations do not include any contribution from the Foxlow site as mineral extraction at that site will be completed before the Hartington site is operational The estimated 24 hour mean PM 10 background concentration for Hartington in 2011, given in Table 3, is µgm In 2011 the total PM 10 concentration, with no reclamation, is calculated to be µgm -3, which would increase to µgm -3 if the reclamation were to take place In 2016, with no reclamation, the total PM 10 concentration is calculated to be µgm With the development, in 2016, the total PM 10 concentration is calculated to be µgm The air quality objective for PM 10 concentration is 40 µgm -3 annual mean to be achieved by the end of 2004, therefore all projected concentrations of PM 10 are below the objective The site assessment flow chart in MPS 2 for PM 10 shows that if the air quality objective is unlikely to be exceeded then best practice measures should be sufficient in controlling dust emission. Report No. R /4/A/PC Tawnywood Limited Page 8

13 6.0 MITIGATION, DUST ACTION PLAN AND MONITORING SCHEME 6.1 Although the Hartington Reclamation has the potential to affect local air quality, the following measures will minimise any adverse effects: Haul routes to be maintained and speed controls implemented All surfaces should be damped down with water as and when required, particularly during earthmoving activities The number of handling operations and drop heights should be kept to a minimum Vehicles and plant to be fitted with diesel particulate filters and use low sulphur diesel All vehicles removing bulk materials from site to be sheeted The wheels of all vehicles leaving the site to be cleaned by the use of a wheel washing unit positioned near to the end of the access road Development of dust control procedures for all significant dust generating activities, e.g. the use of water sprays on crusher and screens Improvement or replacement of any significant dust generating activity Relocation or suspension of dust generating activity when necessary. Dust Action Plan The person nominated for the supervision, initiation and control of the dust action plan at Hartington Reclamation is the site manager or his/her deputy Dust suppression activities are to be considered at least once a day within one hour of the commencement of the day s activities or when dry or windy conditions exist Whenever dust is emitted outside the site boundary, the work activity responsible will be suspended or undertaken in another part of the site until such time as the prevailing meteorological conditions permit or remedial action is initiated to reduce the dust emission Chesterfield Borough Council Environmental Services will be informed within 24 hours of a complaint being received in relation to dust. Report No. R /4/A/PC Tawnywood Limited Page 9

14 Dust Monitoring Scheme The monitoring of dust levels will be undertaken using a horizontal sticky pad gauge situated at Hartington House. The pad will be deployed for four weeks, after which time it will be replaced. The exposed pad will be analysed using a smoke stain reflectometer and the results will be expressed as a percentage change in Effective Area Cover against time (% EAC/day) The monitoring of dust levels will occur continually from the start of the scheme to the final restoration of the site If the results of the dust monitoring exceeds 0.5% EAC/day a review of site activities shall be undertaken to identify the dusty activity Procedures to be adopted if deposited dust levels exceed 0.5% EAC/day may include some of the following: Cessation of the activity Relocation of the activity within the site Water sprays to dampen material being handled Minimise unnecessary handling of material The results of any dust monitoring will be forwarded to the Mineral Planning Authority at their request A log book will be kept on site of any complaints received regarding dust emitted from the site and the action taken to control the dust emission, and will be available for inspection by a representative of Chesterfield Borough Council, and/or the Mineral Planning Authority The scheme will be reviewed and possibly amended on an annual basis, or at the request of the site operator or the regulator. Report No. R /4/A/PC Tawnywood Limited Page 10

15 7.0 SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS 7.1 The projected future pollutant concentrations for the Hartington Reclamation Site in Staveley, Derbyshire has been obtained and compared against Air Quality Objectives. 7.2 All of the Air Quality Objectives are calculated to be achieved either with or without the development. 7.3 Whilst there may be a small decrease in local air quality due to the proposed activity it is likely to be of short duration and should at no time result in air quality criteria levels being exceeded. 7.4 Once the reclamation is completed no further change in air quality would occur. 7.5 Subsequent development proposals may, however, impact on air quality, and may therefore require further assessment. Report No. R /4/A/PC Tawnywood Limited Page 11

16 8.0 REFERENCES 8.1 Planning Policy Statement (PPS) 23: Planning and Pollution Control Office of the Deputy Prime Minister. 8.2 The Pollution Prevention and Control Act (1999). 8.3 The Pollution Prevention and Control Regulations (2000). 8.4 Part IV of the Environment Act Local Air Quality Management. Technical Guidance LAQM TG (03). Scottish Executive, National Assembly for Wales, Department of the Environment, Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs (Defra) Defra. 8.6 Part IV of the Environment Act Local Air Quality Management Technical Guidance LAQM.TG(09). February Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs Air Quality Progress Report. Chesterfield Borough Council. April 2010 (revised October 2010). 8.8 Design Manual for Roads and Bridges. Volume 11. Highways Agency. 8.9 The Air Quality Standards Regulations Statutory Instruments 2010 No Minerals Policy Statement (MPS) 2: Controlling and Mitigating the Environmental Effects of Minerals Extraction in England Annex 1: Dust. March Office of the Deputy Prime Minister. Report No. R /4/A/PC Tawnywood Limited Page 12

17 TABLE 1 Eckington Road (B6053) Traffic Data Summary 2011 Without development Link Annual Average Daily Traffic Flow (AADT) Heavy duty vehicles % Heavy duty vehicles Average Speed kph Without development North of junction with Farndale Road South of junction With development North of junction with Farndale Road South of junction With development North of junction with Farndale Road South of junction Development trips HGV Minerals (1) Staff (2) (1) Assumes Coal and Secondary Aggregate exported together (2) Assumes all staff arrive and depart by car _ Report No. R /4/A/PC Tawnywood Limited

18 TABLE 2 Baseline Pollutant Concentrations and Air Quality Objectives for Hartington 2011 Calculated Data Pollutant Calculated Concentration Concentration Carbon Monoxide 0.4 mgm - ³ 10 mgm - ³ Objective Measured As Running 8 hour mean Date by which to be achieved 31 st December 2003 Benzene 0.6 µgm - ³ 5 µgm - ³ Annual mean 31 st December Butadiene 0.4 µgm - ³ 2.25 µgm - ³ Nitrogen Dioxide Particulate Matter (PM 10 ) Running annual mean 31 st December µgm - ³ 40 µgm - ³ Annual mean 31 st December µgm - ³ 200 µgm - ³ (not to be exceeded >18 times a year) 50 µgm - ³ (not to be exceeded > 35 times a year) 1 hour mean 31 st December hour mean 31 st December µgm - ³ Annual mean 31 st December 2004 _ Report No. R /4/A/PC Tawnywood Limited

19 TABLE 3 Design Manual for Roads and Bridges (DMRB) Assessment of Local Air Quality Grid Reference: Assessment year: 2011 Receptor: Hartington House Scenario: Without development Pollutant Background Concentration Road traffic component Total Units Carbon monoxide mgm -3 Benzene µgm Butadiene µgm -3 Nitrogen Oxides µgm -3 Nitrogen Dioxide µgm -3 Particles (PM 10 ) µgm -3 Days > 50 µgm -3 PM 10 = < 1 _ Report No. R /4/A/PC Tawnywood Limited

20 TABLE 4 Design Manual for Roads and Bridges (DMRB) Assessment of Local Air Quality Grid Reference: Assessment year: 2011 Receptor: Hartington House Scenario: With development Pollutant Background Concentration Road traffic component Total Units Carbon monoxide mgm -3 Benzene µgm Butadiene µgm -3 Nitrogen Oxides µgm -3 Nitrogen Dioxide µgm -3 Particles (PM 10 ) µgm -3 Days > 50 µgm -3 PM 10 = < 1 _ Report No. R /4/A/PC Tawnywood Limited

21 TABLE 5 Design Manual for Roads and Bridges (DMRB) Assessment of Local Air Quality Grid Reference: Assessment year: 2016 Receptor: Hartington House Scenario: Without development Pollutant Background Concentration Road traffic component Total Units Carbon monoxide mgm -3 Benzene µgm Butadiene µgm -3 Nitrogen Oxides µgm -3 Nitrogen Dioxide µgm -3 Particles (PM 10 ) µgm -3 Days > 50 µgm -3 PM 10 = < 1 _ Report No. R /4/A/PC Tawnywood Limited

22 TABLE 6 Design Manual for Roads and Bridges (DMRB) Assessment of Local Air Quality Grid Reference: Assessment year: 2016 Receptor: Hartington House Scenario: With development Pollutant Background Concentration Road traffic component Total Units Carbon monoxide mgm -3 Benzene µgm Butadiene µgm -3 Nitrogen Oxides µgm -3 Nitrogen Dioxide µgm -3 Particles (PM 10 ) µgm -3 Days > 50 µgm -3 PM 10 = < 1 _ Report No. R /4/A/PC Tawnywood Limited

23 Year TABLE 7 PM 10 Assessment With Development Background Concentration µgm -3 Road Traffic and Site Component µgm -3 Annual Mean µgm -3 Daily Exceedances of 50 µgm < <1 Location TABLE 8 Current Air Quality Monitoring Period Horizontal Sticky Pad Effective Area Coverage Per Day (% EAC/day) Hartington House _ Report No. R /4/A/PC Tawnywood Limited