Museum Victoria CRC National Plant Biosecurity
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1 1. PaDIL Species Factsheet Scientific Name: Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. cubense (E.F. Sm.) W.C. Snyder & H.N. Hansen Anamorphic fungi (Ascomycetes) Common Name Panama disease of banana Live link: Image Library Australian Biosecurity Live link: Partners for Australian Biosecurity image library Museum Victoria CRC National Plant Biosecurity Plant Health Australia Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and Foresty Department of Agriculture and Food, Western Australia
2 2. Species Information 2.1. Details Specimen Contact: Dr Jose R. Liberato - jose.liberato@dpi.qld.gov.au Author: Liberato JR, Gasparotto L, Henderson J, Smith LJ, Daly AM & Shivas R Citation: Liberato JR, Gasparotto L, Henderson J, Smith LJ, Daly AM & Shivas R (2006) Panama disease of banana(fusarium oxysporum f.sp. cubense )Updated on 10/21/2011 Available online: PaDIL - Image Use: Free for use under the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Australia licence 2.2. URL Live link: Facets Status: Exotic Regulated Pest - absent from Australia Group: Fungi Commodity Overview: Horticulture Commodity Type: Fresh Fruit Distribution: Cosmopolitan 2.4. Other Names Fusarium cubense E.F. Sm Diagnostic Notes Symptoms: External symptoms including yellowing or collapse of the older leaves, occur on plants more than 4 months old. Sometimes the base of the pseudostem splits. Reddish to dark brown vascular discoloration occurs in the outer leaf sheaths, pseudostem, rhizome and fruit stalk. However fruits do not show symptoms. Usually all leaves collapse and the plant dies (Stover 1972). Other disorders on banana have similar symptoms to those of Panama disease (Beer et al. 2001, Kangire & Rutherford 2001). Fusarium wilt does not cause wilting and blackening of young suckers nor a dry rot in fruit as can be found in moko disease and blood disease. The fungus: Fusarium oxysporum Schltdl. emend. W.C. Snyder & H.N. Hansen is a common soil inhabitant and produces three types of hyaline asexual spores: a) Macroconidia are usually 3-septate, straight to slightly curved, relatively slender and thin-walled, with a foot-shaped to pointed basal cell and a tapered and curved, sometimes with a slight hook, apical cell. They are produced abundantly on pale orange sporodochia and occasionally from hyphae growing on the agar surface. In some isolates, sporodochia may be sparse or nonexistent; b) Microconidia are usually unicellular, oval, elliptical or kidney-shaped, produced in false heads, on short monophialides. They are abundant in the aerial mycelia; c) Chlamydospores are formed abundantly and quickly (2-4 weeks on carnation leaf agar) by most isolates, smooth or rough walled, usually formed singly or in pairs, but also may be found in clusters or in short chains. They may be either terminal or i
3 2.6. References Beer Z, Hernandez JM & Sabadel S (2001) False Panama desorder on banana. Musa Disease Fact Sheet No. 9. (Montpellier, France: INIBAP). CABI/EPPO (1999). Distribution maps of plant diseases. Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. cubense (E.F. Sm.) W.C. Snyder & H.N. Hansen. Map No. 31. Ed 6. (CAB International: Wallingford, UK) Crop Protection Compendium 2005 Edition. Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. cubense (Panama disease of banana). (CAB International: Wallingford, UK). Hennessy C, Walduck G, Daly A & Padovan A (2005). Weed hosts of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense tropical race 4 in northern Australia. Australasian Plant Pathology 34: Hwang SC, Ko WH (2004) Cavendish banana cultivars resistant to Fusarium wilt acquired through somaclonal variation in <st1:pl 2.7. Web Links APS net: Department of Agriculture Western Australia: Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry: Department of Primary Industry, Fisheries and Mines Northern Territory: Plant Health Progress: PBT link:
4 3. Diagnostic Images Symptoms of tropical race 4 Host Symptoms: Dr J. Henderson Symptoms on plant (copyright, for use contact Host Symptoms: Archives Symptoms on plant (copyright, for use contact Host Symptoms: Archives Leaf yellowing caused by tropical race 4 (copyright, for use contact Host Symptoms: Dr J. Henderson Symptoms on plant Host Symptoms: Dr Luadir Gasparotto Embrapa Leaf yellowing Host Symptoms: Archives
5 Internal symptoms in cv. Lady finger (copyright, to reproduce images Host Symptoms: Dr Linda Smith Symptoms on rhizome (copyright, to reproduce images Host Symptoms: Dr Linda Smith Pseudostem splitting (copyright, to reproduce images Host Symptoms: Dr Linda Smith Infected Cavendish Wamuran (copyright, to reproduce images Host Symptoms: Dr Linda Smith Advanced external symptoms in banana cv. Lady finger (copyright, to reproduce images Host Symptoms: Dr Linda Smith Vascular discolouration (early symptoms) in the pseudostem caused by Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. cubense TR4 (copyright, to reproduce images Host Symptoms: Andrew M Daly DPIF&M
6 Vascular discolouration in the rhizome caused by Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. cubense TR4 (copyright, to reproduce images Host Symptoms: Andrew M Daly DPIF&M Vascular discolouration in the bunchstalk caused by Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. cubense TR4 (copyright, to reproduce images Andrew.Daly@nt.gov.au). Host Symptoms: Andrew M Daly DPIF&M Splitting of the base of pseudostem Host symptoms - stem: Dr Luadir Gasparotto Embrapa Host symptoms - stem: Dr Luadir Gasparotto Embrapa (copyright, for use contact Host symptoms - stem: Archives (copyright, for use contact Host symptoms - stem: Archives
7 (copyright, for use contact Host symptoms - stem: Archives (copyright, for use contact Host symptoms - stem: Dr J. Henderson (copyright, for use contact Host symptoms - stem: Archives Host symptoms - stem: Dr Luadir Gasparotto Embrapa Vascular discoloration Host symptoms - stem: Archives Vascular discoloration on rizhome Host symptoms - stem: Archives
8 Vascular discoloration on rizhome Host symptoms - stem: Archives Appearance of a positive VCG test to confirm Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. cubense TR4 (copyright, to reproduce images Andrew.Daly@nt.gov.au). In vitro test: Andrew M Daly DPIF&M Results Generated: Tuesday, January 6, 2015
A Classic and Destructive Disease of Banana
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