Jeremiah K.S. Dung Hermiston Agricultural Research and Extension Center Oregon State University

Size: px
Start display at page:

Download "Jeremiah K.S. Dung Hermiston Agricultural Research and Extension Center Oregon State University"

Transcription

1 Jeremiah K.S. Dung Hermiston Agricultural Research and Extension Center Oregon State University

2 Species of Pectobacterium and Dickeya Formerly known as soft rot Erwinias P. carotovorum subspecies P. atrosepticum D. dianthicola Anaerobic do not necessarily require oxygen to live and reproduce Pectolytic - produce enzymes which break down pectin molecules

3 Pectin Various polysaccharides with different functions Located in plant cell walls Binds cells together Cell wall structure

4 Soft rot bacteria produce pectolytic enzymes which break down pectin Cell walls degrade Plant cells burst Nutrient leakage Tissue death and decay Photo: Dennis Johnson, Washington State University

5 Large host range, nearly all plant families Storage organs, fruits, succulent and fleshy tissues Asparagus, beans, beet, carrot, corn, onions, pumpkins, watermelon, and POTATO Photo: Lindsey du Toit, Washington State University Photo: Ontario Crop IPM

6 Excess moisture Anaerobic conditions High relative humidity (RH) Temperature Optimum growth temperatures vary among species Wounding University of Wisconsin-Madison

7 Tuber soft rot Seed piece decay Blackleg Aerial stem rot Erwinia early dying Lenticel rot

8 Usually caused by P. carotovorum Other soft rot bacteria Depends on location, environment, other factors Pectobacterium are ubiquitous bacteria found anywhere potatoes are grown Infected or wounded tubers On tuber surfaces, eyes, lenticels Plant debris, soil, water, contaminated machinery, insects

9 Slight vascular discoloration to complete decay Cream to tan colored often with brown-black margins Photo: Dennis Johnson, Washington State University Soft, cheesy, granular rot Fast progression of symptoms Lenticels, wounds, site of stolon attachment Photo: Jeremiah Dung, Oregon State University

10 Temperatures above 70 F High moisture and anaerobic conditions Secondary tuber soft rot often follows other diseases Late blight on tubers Fusarium dry rot Pink rot Photo: Phillip Wharton and William Kirk, Michigan State University Photo: Jeremiah Dung, Oregon State University

11 Ring rot Clostridium soft rot Breaks down starch Phytophthora and Pythium spp. Soft rot caused by Psuedomonas and other bacteria Ring Rot Photo: Jeremiah Dung, Oregon State University Pink Rot Clostridium Soft Rot Compendium of Potato Diseases, 2 nd ed. Leak

12 Control soft rot bacteria in the field Avoid harvesting when soil temperatures are above 70 F or when soils are excessively wet Reduce wounds during harvest and handling Promote wound healing after harvest Proper ventilation during storage Store tubers below 50 F

13 Tuber soft rot after planting and before emergence P. carotovorum and others Depends on location, environment, other factors Photo: Dennis Johnson, Washington State University High soil temperatures (>70 F), high moisture after planting Farrar et al. 2009

14 Seed stock from tissue culture or stem cutting programs carry less bacteria Cut seed when pulp temperatures are F Clean/disinfect tools and equipment used for cutting and planting seed Reduce wounds during seed handling and planting Plant suberized seed pieces into well-drained soil (50-55 F) Irrigation prior to emergence increases seed piece decay

15 Black, soft rot of stems originating from the seed piece Wilting, stunting, poor emergence Typically caused by P. atrosepticum

16 Bacteria on or in seed pieces Lenticels, eyes, wounds, surface Cool (50-60 F), moist conditions at planting Photo: K. Benlioglu High temperatures (>70 F) after emergence Photo: S. H. De Boer

17 Plant certified, disease-free tubers into welldrained soil (>50 F) Plant whole seed tubers if possible Suberize cut seed before planting Clean/disinfect tools and equipment used for cutting and planting seed Avoid wounding during seed cutting and planting Avoid irrigation prior to emergence Rogue diseased plants

18 Caused by various Pectobacterium species Tan to black soft rot of stems originating in the canopy Wilting, chlorosis Wounds Dense canopy, warm temperatures, leaf wetness, previous crop of corn Plant Disease 95:

19 Caused by P. carotovorum, P. atrosepticum, and potentially others Vascular infection Wilt, chlorosis, necrosis, premature death Symptoms are similar to Verticillium wilt Wounds Farrar et al. 2009

20 Plant certified, disease-free seed Reduce wounds on stems Disease is more severe with overhead irrigation Reduce leaf wetness Reduce canopy density avoid excess N Crop rotation Remove infested plant debris

21 Caused by Pectobacterium species Blemishes Fresh market tubers Thin-skinned, specialty varieties (reds, yellows) Can lead to tuber soft rot Farrar et al Photo: Babette Gundersen, Washington State University

22 LENTICEL ROT Pectobacterium species Infection of lenticels by bacteria Excessive moisture on tubers SWOLLEN LENTICELS Physiological Lenticels enlarge to promote respiration Excessively wet soil, moisture film on tubers Photos: Dennis Johnson, Washington State University

23 Reduce tuber exposure to flumes or dump tanks Avoid washing with high pressure nozzles Use clean, chlorinated water or water treated with a biocide for washing Dry washed tubers before packaging Provide adequate ventilation during storage and shipping Take extra precautions with specialty cultivars

24 Use certified, disease-free seed tubers Sanitize and disinfest tuber handling equipment and wash/flume water Avoid injuring tubers Crop rotation Avoid over-irrigation Provide adequate ventilation Dry potatoes before storage or shipping Seed Treatment for Potatoes 1lb/cwt) Firewall (streptomycin 100 ppm)

25

BENEFITS OF USING IPM

BENEFITS OF USING IPM Edward J. Bechinski and William H. Bohl Potato growers who use IPM consider all available pest control tools. Alternatives to conventional pesticides are the foundation of every IPM plan. Pesticides play

More information

Strawberry Anthracnose

Strawberry Anthracnose Strawberry Anthracnose Bill Turechek and Cathy Heidenreich Introduction - The term anthracnose is a general term used to describe plant diseases. Strawberry anthracnose refers to several diseases of strawberry

More information

NQF Level: 2 US No: 116119

NQF Level: 2 US No: 116119 NQF Level: 2 US No: 116119 Assessment Guide Primary Agriculture Plant Propagation Assessor:.......................................... Workplace / Company:................................. Commodity:...................

More information

Picture Tour: Dry Beans Diseases

Picture Tour: Dry Beans Diseases Picture Tour: Dry Beans Diseases Saginaw Valley Research and Extension Center agbioresearch.msu.edu 1 Images of: Blight Root rot White mold Common Mosaic virus Leaf spot Rust Anthracnose BLIGHT Common

More information

Virginia Gardener http://www.hort.vt.edu/envirohort

Virginia Gardener http://www.hort.vt.edu/envirohort The Virginia Gardener http://www.hort.vt.edu/envirohort Name Help Sheets: Things Plants Need There are certain things that every living thing needs in order to live and grow. Just like you, plants need

More information

Wilt diseases of tomatoes can be caused

Wilt diseases of tomatoes can be caused A l a b a m a A & M a n d A u b u r n U n i v e r s i t i e s Wilt Diseases of Tomatoes ANR-0797 Wilt diseases of tomatoes can be caused by fungal, bacterial, viral, and nematode pathogens, as well as

More information

A guide for handling for cabbage, carrot, hot pepper, lettuce, sweet potato and tomato. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations

A guide for handling for cabbage, carrot, hot pepper, lettuce, sweet potato and tomato. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations A guide for handling for cabbage, carrot, hot pepper, lettuce, sweet potato and tomato Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations A guide for handling for cabbage 1. HARVESTING Harvesting

More information

Part 1: Knowing how to identify the problem. Author: Damon Polta, Friendly Aquaponics Farm Manager. For free distribution.

Part 1: Knowing how to identify the problem. Author: Damon Polta, Friendly Aquaponics Farm Manager. For free distribution. Diseases, Deficiencies, and Toxicities in Plants Part 1: Knowing how to identify the problem. Author: Damon Polta, Friendly Aquaponics Farm Manager. For free distribution. Diseases Beet Western Yellow

More information

University of Hawaii at Manoa, College of Tropical Agriculture and Human Resources

University of Hawaii at Manoa, College of Tropical Agriculture and Human Resources University of Hawaii at Manoa, College of Tropical Agriculture and Human Resources J. Sugano, J. Uyeda, S. Fukuda, K. Wang, M. Kawate, C. Tamaru, B. Fox, and T. Radovich College of Tropical Agriculture

More information

Strawberry Leaf Spot

Strawberry Leaf Spot Strawberry Leaf Spot Cathy Heidenreich and Bill Turechek Introduction - Leaf spot is one of the most common and widespread diseases of strawberry. Mycosphaerella fragariae is also the cause of black seed

More information

Dieback, Twig blight or Canker (Colletotrichum gloeosporioides- asexual stage, Glomerella cingulata.)

Dieback, Twig blight or Canker (Colletotrichum gloeosporioides- asexual stage, Glomerella cingulata.) Camellia Camellia spp. Propagation Camellias are usually propagated by cuttings of new growth taken just as the stem is changing from green to brown. Wound the stem, use 3000-8000 ppm IBA-talc and grow

More information

Tree Integrated Pest Management. Dan Nortman Virginia Cooperative Extension, York County

Tree Integrated Pest Management. Dan Nortman Virginia Cooperative Extension, York County Tree Integrated Pest Management Dan Nortman Virginia Cooperative Extension, York County IPM Refresher Definition: The use of a combination of appropriate pest control tactics to reduce pest population

More information

AGFACTS. Strawberry disease control guide MAJOR DISEASES OF STRAWBERRIES

AGFACTS. Strawberry disease control guide MAJOR DISEASES OF STRAWBERRIES AGFACTS AGFACTS AGFACTS www.agric.nsw.gov.au Strawberry disease control guide Agfact H3.3.1 third edition, May 2004 Lawrence Ullio, District Horticulturist Elizabeth Macarthur Agricultural Institute Camden

More information

Harvesting and Preparing Vegetables for Exhibit

Harvesting and Preparing Vegetables for Exhibit Harvesting and Preparing Vegetables for Exhibit Reviewed by Dr. Ronald Smith Extension Horticulturist Raymond Wagner Retired 4 H Youth Specialist Robert G. Askew Retired Extension Horticulturist Formatted

More information

A Guide to Growing Potatoes

A Guide to Growing Potatoes Growing Potatoes in Your Home Garden A Guide to Growing Potatoes In Your Home Garden Kelly A. Zarka, Donna C. Kells, David S. Douches and C. Robin Buell Michigan State University Have you ever grown potatoes

More information

Fungal Damage in Buildings with Emphasis on Meruliporia poria incrassata

Fungal Damage in Buildings with Emphasis on Meruliporia poria incrassata Fungal Damage in Buildings with Emphasis on Meruliporia poria incrassata prepared by Stephen L. Quarles, Ph.D. University of California Cooperative Extension Advisor Emeritus Many species of fungi can

More information

Guidelines for Harvesting Vegetables

Guidelines for Harvesting Vegetables Guidelines for Harvesting Vegetables From Cornell Cooperative Extension, Chemung County More gardening information at www.gardening.cornell.edu Knowing when to harvest your vegetables is as important as

More information

Alfalfa Diseases in Seed Production. Faye Dokken-Bouchard Provincial Specialist, Plant Disease Crops Branch, Saskatchewan Ministry of Agriculture

Alfalfa Diseases in Seed Production. Faye Dokken-Bouchard Provincial Specialist, Plant Disease Crops Branch, Saskatchewan Ministry of Agriculture Alfalfa Diseases in Seed Production Faye Dokken-Bouchard Provincial Specialist, Plant Disease Crops Branch, Saskatchewan Ministry of Agriculture Introduction Alfalfa seed production is a well-established

More information

Agricultural Pest Control Plants Learning Objectives

Agricultural Pest Control Plants Learning Objectives Category 1A: Agricultural Pest Control Plants Agricultural Pest Control Plants Learning Objectives After studying this section, you should be able to: Describe some of the most common insect pests of agricultural

More information

Ecologically based weed management! Chuck Mohler! Cornell University!

Ecologically based weed management! Chuck Mohler! Cornell University! Ecologically based weed management! Chuck Mohler! Cornell University! Outline! Understanding weeds! Behavior of wandering perennials! Tillage and emergence cues! Life and death of weed seeds in the soil!

More information

Wheat Disease Identification

Wheat Disease Identification Wheat Disease Identification Fusarium root, crown, and foot rots Stripe rust Tan spot Leaf rust Cephalosporium stripe Stagonospora nodorum blotch Contents Diseases affecting heads and grain Black chaff...

More information

IDENTIFICATION & MANAGEMENT OF. Pumpkin Diseases

IDENTIFICATION & MANAGEMENT OF. Pumpkin Diseases IDENTIFICATION & MANAGEMENT OF Pumpkin Diseases 2 Richard Latin and Karen Rane Department of Botany and Plant Pathology Disease Sclerotinia Rot Phytophthora Blight Bacterial Fruit Spot Powdery Mildew Downy

More information

Introduction to Plant Propagation. Glenn T. Sako Assistant County Extension Agent CTAHR, UHM

Introduction to Plant Propagation. Glenn T. Sako Assistant County Extension Agent CTAHR, UHM Introduction to Plant Propagation Glenn T. Sako Assistant County Extension Agent CTAHR, UHM Purposes for Plant Propagation Multiply the number of a species Perpetuate a species Maintain the youthfulness

More information

Plant Parts and Their Function

Plant Parts and Their Function Science Unit: Lesson 6: Plants Plant Parts and Their Function School year: 2004/2005 Developed for: Developed by: Grade level: Duration of lesson: Queen Alexandra Elementary School, Vancouver School District

More information

LIME SULPHUR INSECTICIDE MITICIDE FUNGICIDE COMMERCIAL DANGER: CORROSIVE TO EYES READ THE LABEL AND ATTACHED BOOKLET BEFORE USING

LIME SULPHUR INSECTICIDE MITICIDE FUNGICIDE COMMERCIAL DANGER: CORROSIVE TO EYES READ THE LABEL AND ATTACHED BOOKLET BEFORE USING datapak group M fungicide LIME SULPHUR INSECTICIDE MITICIDE FUNGICIDE COMMERCIAL DANGER: CORROSIVE TO EYES READ THE LABEL AND ATTACHED BOOKLET BEFORE USING REGISTRATION NO. 16465 PEST CONTROL PRODUCTS

More information

POTASSIUM. Functions of Potassium in Plants. Potassium Deficiency Symptoms

POTASSIUM. Functions of Potassium in Plants. Potassium Deficiency Symptoms POTASSIUM Potassium is the last of what might be called the big three soil nutrients nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium. These three primary nutrients are, by far, the nutrients most commonly limiting

More information

United States Standards for Grades of Lettuce

United States Standards for Grades of Lettuce United States Department of Agriculture Agricultural Marketing Service Fruit and Vegetable Division United States Standards for Grades of Lettuce Fresh Products Branch Effective December 1, 1975 (Reprinted

More information

Consumer Horticulture

Consumer Horticulture Purdue Extension Consumer Horticulture Container and Raised Bed Gardening HORT-186-W Purdue Extension Consumer Horticulture Indiana Vegetable Planting Calendar Michael N. Dana and B. Rosie Lerner HO-186-W

More information

Irish potatoes are one of America s most

Irish potatoes are one of America s most E-511 11-10 Easy Gardening Joseph Masabni, Assistant Professor and Extension Horticulturist, The Texas A&M University System Irish potatoes are one of America s most popular vegetables the average American

More information

Peppermint. Diseases. C. E. Homer. February 1955 STATION BULLETIN 547 AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION OREGON STATE COLLEGE CORVALLIS

Peppermint. Diseases. C. E. Homer. February 1955 STATION BULLETIN 547 AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION OREGON STATE COLLEGE CORVALLIS Peppermint Diseases STATION BULLETIN 547 C. E. Homer February 1955 AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION OREGON STATE COLLEGE CORVALLIS eo#tioe Peppermint Diseases A Guide for Recognizing and Controlling Peppermint

More information

Chapter D9. Irrigation scheduling

Chapter D9. Irrigation scheduling Chapter D9. Irrigation scheduling PURPOSE OF THIS CHAPTER To explain how to plan and schedule your irrigation program CHAPTER CONTENTS factors affecting irrigation intervals influence of soil water using

More information

Why Fruit Trees Die D. B. Meador, Extension Specialist (retired) University of Illinois

Why Fruit Trees Die D. B. Meador, Extension Specialist (retired) University of Illinois Why Fruit Trees Die D. B. Meador, Extension Specialist (retired) University of Illinois Occasionally, fruit trees decline and often die. Diseases affecting the leaves, fruit, and twigs of fruit trees usually

More information

Tomato Disease Management in Greenhouses

Tomato Disease Management in Greenhouses Purdue Extension publication BP-197-W University of Kentucky Cooperative Extension publication ID-233 Vegetable Diseases Tomato Disease Management in Greenhouses Photos by the authors Authors Daniel S.

More information

Integrated Pest Management

Integrated Pest Management Chapter 2 Integrated Pest Management In This Chapter Keywords After learning the information in this chapter, you will be able to: 1. Define Integrated Pest Management (IPM). 2. List and describe the 5

More information

WEED MANAGEMENT LEARNING OBJECTIVES

WEED MANAGEMENT LEARNING OBJECTIVES C 6 H A P TE R WEED MANAGEMENT LEARNING OBJECTIVES After completely studying this chapter, you should: Be able to define a weed and its four stages of development. Understand the differences between annual,

More information

Vegetable Planting Guide For Eastern North Carolina

Vegetable Planting Guide For Eastern North Carolina North Carolina Cooperative Extension Service NC STATE UNIVERSITY Vegetable Guide For Eastern North Carolina Getting Started There is much to consider when planning a vegetable garden. When is the right

More information

Pineapples. Ian Hewett Horticultural Marketing Inspectorate United Kingdom. Version - October 2011

Pineapples. Ian Hewett Horticultural Marketing Inspectorate United Kingdom. Version - October 2011 Pineapples Ian Hewett Horticultural Marketing Inspectorate United Kingdom Version - October 2011 1 Definition Of Produce This Standard applies to pineapples of varieties (cultivars) grown from Ananascomosus(L).

More information

PICTORIAL DIAGNOSTIC GUIDE Compiled by Gaye Hammond, Past President, Houston Rose Society gayeh@lpm-triallaw.com, 281/458-6116

PICTORIAL DIAGNOSTIC GUIDE Compiled by Gaye Hammond, Past President, Houston Rose Society gayeh@lpm-triallaw.com, 281/458-6116 The following photographs in Section 1 identify symptoms in roses which have common causes and can sometimes be caused by Rose Rosette Disease (a/k/a Rose Rosette Virus). Just because you see a symptom

More information

Custard apple information kit

Custard apple information kit information kit Reprint information current in 1998 REPRINT INFORMATION PLEASE READ! For updated information please call 13 25 23 or visit the website www.deedi.qld.gov.au This publication has been reprinted

More information

Museum Victoria http://museumvictoria.com.au/ CRC National Plant Biosecurity http://www.crcplantbiosecurity.com.au/

Museum Victoria http://museumvictoria.com.au/ CRC National Plant Biosecurity http://www.crcplantbiosecurity.com.au/ 1. PaDIL Species Factsheet Scientific Name: Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. cubense (E.F. Sm.) W.C. Snyder & H.N. Hansen Anamorphic fungi (Ascomycetes) Common Name Panama disease of banana Live link: http://www.padil.gov.au:80/pests-and-diseases/pest/main/136609

More information

Ligustrum, Privet Ligustrum japonicum

Ligustrum, Privet Ligustrum japonicum Ligustrum, Privet Ligustrum japonicum http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/mg022 Propagation L. japonicum Ligustrum are propagated by softwood cuttings taken in spring, or 5 10 cm semihardwood cuttings with a heel

More information

Central North Carolina Planting Calendar for Annual Vegetables, Fruits, and Herbs

Central North Carolina Planting Calendar for Annual Vegetables, Fruits, and Herbs Central North Carolina Planting Calendar for Annual Vegetables, Fruits, and Herbs Central North Carolina is a wonderful place to garden. Almost any type of vegetable or fruit can be grown successfully

More information

The Orchid Grower. conditions, especially during vegetative growth. Temperature There are two distinct phases of phalaenopsis production: the vegeta-

The Orchid Grower. conditions, especially during vegetative growth. Temperature There are two distinct phases of phalaenopsis production: the vegeta- PRODUCTION The Orchid Grower In the third article of this four-part series, find out how to cash in on orchids, the second hottest potted flowering plant in the United States. Figure 1. Symptoms of chilling

More information

I. RECOMMENDED PRACTICES BASED ON GOOD AGRICULTURAL PRACTICES (GAP) AND GOOD MANUFACTURING PRACTICES (GMP)

I. RECOMMENDED PRACTICES BASED ON GOOD AGRICULTURAL PRACTICES (GAP) AND GOOD MANUFACTURING PRACTICES (GMP) CAC/RCP 51-2003 Page 1 of 8 CODE OF PRACTICE FOR THE PREVENTION AND REDUCTION OF MYCOTOXIN CONTAMINATION IN CEREALS, INCLUDING ANNEXES ON OCHRATOXIN A, ZEARALENONE, FUMONISINS AND TRICOTHECENES CAC/RCP

More information

Nematode Management in Okra 1

Nematode Management in Okra 1 ENY-043 Nematode Management in Okra 1 J.W. Noling 2 Okra is infamous for its susceptibility to root-knot nematodes; it is also extremely sensitive to sting nematodes. Because of this, okra should not be

More information

GENERAL WATERING & CARE GUIDE

GENERAL WATERING & CARE GUIDE GENERAL WATERING & CARE GUIDE Between 30-60 percent of water applied to lawns and gardens is never absorbed by the plants. Water is often wasted because it is applied too quickly and runs off, evaporates

More information

Farm to Fork. Dr. Clifford Hall

Farm to Fork. Dr. Clifford Hall Farm to Fork Dr. Clifford Hall Clifford.Hall@NDSU.edu Dr. Hall is an Associate Professor of Food Sciences at North Dakota State University, Fargo, North Dakota, and a Member of the Bean Institute Editorial

More information

Rhizoctonia stem canker and black scurf of potato

Rhizoctonia stem canker and black scurf of potato Extension Bulletin E-2994 New May 2007 Rhizoctonia stem canker and black scurf of potato Phillip Wharton 1, William Kirk 1, Devan Berry 1 and Sieglinde Snapp 2 1 Department of Plant Pathology, 2 Department

More information

Identification and Prevention of Frost or Freeze Damage By Linda Reddick, Kingman Area Master Gardener

Identification and Prevention of Frost or Freeze Damage By Linda Reddick, Kingman Area Master Gardener KINGMAN IS GROWING! COLUMN Identification and Prevention of Frost or Freeze Damage By Linda Reddick, Kingman Area Master Gardener Again this year we have been experiencing some very cold weather, with

More information

Onion & Leek Planting Guide

Onion & Leek Planting Guide Onion & Leek Planting Guide Important Remove plants from box immediately. Do not put in soil or water before planting. Keep cool and dry until you can plant. Follow the instructions inside for best results.

More information

LARGE GROUP PRESENTATION: PRESENTER S NOTES

LARGE GROUP PRESENTATION: PRESENTER S NOTES LARGE GROUP PRESENTATION: PRESENTER S NOTES Introduce yourself. Welcome! We are so glad you are here to learn about fruits and vegetables. Icebreaker Handout: Fruit or Vegetable: Parts of Many Words Read

More information

Chapter 8: Diseases. Rust

Chapter 8: Diseases. Rust Chapter 8: Diseases Historically, fusarium wilt and rust have been considered major limiting factors in flax production in Western Canada. However, these two diseases have been effectively managed by multigenic

More information

The Basics of Tree Pruning

The Basics of Tree Pruning The Basics of Tree Pruning By John Ball, Forest Health Specialist and Aaron Kiesz, Urban and Community Forestry Specialist Until the end of the 19 th century, trees were not a common sight in many parts

More information

Vascular Plants Bryophytes. Seedless Plants

Vascular Plants Bryophytes. Seedless Plants plant reproduction The Plants Vascular Plants Bryophytes Liverworts, Hornworts, Mosses lack roots and specialized tissues grow in moist, shady areas All have sieve cells and tracheids Seedless Plants Ferns

More information

MOLD FAQs. 1. What is mold and where does it live? 2. How can mold affect my health?

MOLD FAQs. 1. What is mold and where does it live? 2. How can mold affect my health? MOLD FAQs 1. What is mold and where does it live? Molds are microscopic fungi that are part of the natural environment. They can grow almost anywhere (inside and out), but live especially in the soil outside.

More information

THIRAM 75 WP Wettable Powder Fungicide

THIRAM 75 WP Wettable Powder Fungicide 29-SEP-2008 2008-3245 Resistance Management symbols and signal words (Group M Fungicide) THIRAM 75 WP Wettable Powder Fungicide Contains thiram for control of fungal diseases on crops. AGRICULTURAL GUARANTEE:

More information

Diagnosing Disorders of Trees

Diagnosing Disorders of Trees 148 Appendix A Diagnosing Disorders of Trees Diagnosing tree problems can be difficult. Symptoms and signs can be subtle or only visible using special techniques, important information can be missing,

More information

Apricot Tree Prunus armeniaca

Apricot Tree Prunus armeniaca Apricot Tree Prunus armeniaca Up to 25-30 tall x 15-20 wide or partial shade 10 degrees F. General: The Apricot Tree is a subspecies of the peach and dates back 3,000 years to northeastern China. Apricots

More information

7 Answers to end-of-chapter questions

7 Answers to end-of-chapter questions 7 Answers to end-of-chapter questions Multiple choice questions 1 B 2 B 3 A 4 B 5 A 6 D 7 C 8 C 9 B 10 B Structured questions 11 a i Maintenance of a constant internal environment within set limits i Concentration

More information

Hop Pest Control. H. E. Morrison. jpf^vrsiolnrru; - «ibntoj."' «- '',orto JUN 6 I-JJ3

Hop Pest Control. H. E. Morrison. jpf^vrsiolnrru; - «ibntoj.' «- '',orto JUN 6 I-JJ3 Hop Pest Control H. E. Morrison its of jpf^vrsiolnrru; - «th ' s ibntoj."' «- '',orto JUN 6 I-JJ3 Agricultural Experiment Station Oregon State College Corvallis Circular of Information 589 May 1958 Hop

More information

Sweetpotatoes. Shipping Point and Market Inspection Instructions. United States Department of Agriculture. Agricultural Marketing Service

Sweetpotatoes. Shipping Point and Market Inspection Instructions. United States Department of Agriculture. Agricultural Marketing Service United States Department of Agriculture Agricultural Marketing Service Fruit and Vegetable Programs Sweetpotatoes Shipping Point and Market Inspection Instructions Fresh Products Branch November 2007 Shipping

More information

Bacterial Diseases of Tomato: 2012

Bacterial Diseases of Tomato: 2012 Bacterial Diseases of Tomato: 2012 Bacterial diseases of tomato Bacterial speck Bacterial spot Bacterial canker Bacterial diseases of tomato Bacterial speck- causes lesions on leaves, stems and fruit.

More information

WHAT IS WRONG WITH MY LAWN?

WHAT IS WRONG WITH MY LAWN? WHAT IS WRONG WITH MY LAWN? Lawn problems can occur in small areas or larger patches and entire lawns can be affected. Sometimes the problems are due to poor growing conditions, improper lawn care practices,

More information

NO-TILL AND NITROGEN FIXING INOCULANTS

NO-TILL AND NITROGEN FIXING INOCULANTS NO-TILL AND NITROGEN FIXING INOCULANTS Tom Wacek R & D Director for Urbana Laboratories St. Joseph, Missouri Nitrogen fixation is the utilization of the free gaseous nitrogen in the air by soil bacteria

More information

MAKING & FERMENTING THE MASH

MAKING & FERMENTING THE MASH MAKING & FERMENTING THE MASH Contents 1. Table of Ingredients for the Mash 2. About Myths 3. Making and Fermenting Mash from Whole Corn or Directly from Corn Meal 4. For Starters in Distillation 5. Sugar

More information

Joseph Laquatra Cornell University

Joseph Laquatra Cornell University Joseph Laquatra Cornell University Animals get displaced during floods May enter homes If there is standing water in the home: Turn off power from a dry location if possible Don t turn power off or use

More information

CORN IS GROWN ON MORE ACRES OF IOWA LAND THAN ANY OTHER CROP.

CORN IS GROWN ON MORE ACRES OF IOWA LAND THAN ANY OTHER CROP. CORN IS GROWN ON MORE ACRES OF IOWA LAND THAN ANY OTHER CROP. Planted acreage reached a high in 1981 with 14.4 million acres planted for all purposes and has hovered near 12.5 million acres since the early

More information

Environmental Management of Staph and MRSA in Community Settings July 2008

Environmental Management of Staph and MRSA in Community Settings July 2008 Page 1 of 7 Environmental Management of Staph and MRSA in Community Settings July 2008 Questions addressed on this page What are Staph and MRSA? How is Staph and MRSA spread? What is the role of the environment

More information

Checking the Effectiveness of Pest Control Measures

Checking the Effectiveness of Pest Control Measures Checking the Effectiveness of Pest Control Measures Chris Hayes, PhD (Tampa) SE Technical Sales Manager & Mexico chayes@bioworksinc.com Cell: 585-820-6807 6/15/2015 1 Thanks Cultivate 15 Thanks to YOU,

More information

Horticulture Information Leaflet 33-E

Horticulture Information Leaflet 33-E Department of Horticultural Science Horticulture Information Leaflet 33-E Revised 9/93 -- Author Reviewed 8/97 VEGETABLE CROP IRRIGATION Douglas C. Sanders, Extension Horticultural Specialist Distributed

More information

A Series on Diseases in the Florida Vegetable Garden: Tomato 1

A Series on Diseases in the Florida Vegetable Garden: Tomato 1 PP200 A Series on Diseases in the Florida Vegetable Garden: Tomato 1 Gary Vallad, Ken Pernezny, and Tim Momol 2 Many Floridians delight in maintaining a vegetable garden in their backyard. Others keep

More information

Dormant Season. Of Dormant Oil Spray Apple scab, Pear scab, Powdery mildew. pre-pink, pink, calyx, 1st & 2nd cover spray.

Dormant Season. Of Dormant Oil Spray Apple scab, Pear scab, Powdery mildew. pre-pink, pink, calyx, 1st & 2nd cover spray. 99/2004 CLEAN CROP(R) LIME SULPHUR Lime Sulphur Insecticide Miticide Fungicide COMMERCIAL CAUTION CORROSIVE READ THE LABEL BEFORE USING REGISTRATION NO. 16465 PEST CONTROL PRODUCTS ACT GUARANTEE: Sulphide

More information

A Quick Start Guide to Establishing a Vineyard in Oregon Patty Skinkis, Ph.D.

A Quick Start Guide to Establishing a Vineyard in Oregon Patty Skinkis, Ph.D. A Quick Start Guide to Establishing a Vineyard in Oregon Patty Skinkis, Ph.D. When thinking of starting a vineyard, many questions come to mind: Would my land be suitable for growing grapes? What types

More information

HARVESTING, CURING AND STORAGE OF SWEET POTATOES

HARVESTING, CURING AND STORAGE OF SWEET POTATOES HARVESTING, CURING AND STORAGE OF SWEET POTATOES BY PAUL E. SUMNER EXTENSION ENGINEER COOPERATIVE EXTENSION SERVICE THE UNIVERSITY OF GEORGIA COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE INTRODUCTION Sweet potatoes may be harvested

More information

PINEAPPLE PRODUCTION. Introduction

PINEAPPLE PRODUCTION. Introduction PINEAPPLE PRODUCTION Introduction The pineapple is a tropical and subtropical fruit grown in many countries in Africa. In Uganda it is mainly grown south of Lake Kyoga and western Uganda. Ii is a tradable

More information

Hail Damaged Corn and Soybean

Hail Damaged Corn and Soybean Hail Damaged Corn and Soybean By Jeff Coulter and Seth Naeve Recent storms left several areas affected by hail damage, including south-central and southeast Minnesota along interstate 90, and central Minnesota

More information

How To Diagnose Plant Problems

How To Diagnose Plant Problems FS-10-72 PALM PROBLEMS THAT AREN T M. L. Robinson, Area Extension Specialist, Environmental Horticulture Angela O Callaghan, Area Extension Specialist, Social Horticulture When trying to diagnose problems

More information

William B. Miller Cornell University

William B. Miller Cornell University November 2010 This Flower Bulb Research Program Newsletter is published by Anthos, Royal Dutch Trade Association for Nurserystock and Flowerbulbs in cooperation with Dr. Bill Miller of Cornell University.

More information

Got Mold? Frequently Asked Questions About Mold

Got Mold? Frequently Asked Questions About Mold Office of Environmental Health & Safety Got Mold? Frequently Asked Questions About Mold What are molds? With more than 100,000 species in the world, it is no wonder molds can be found everywhere. Neither

More information

Managing Crops for Excess Water Stress

Managing Crops for Excess Water Stress Managing Crops for Excess Water Stress Curtis Cavers* and John Heard Canada-Manitoba Crop Diversification Centre (CMCDC) Potato Agronomist (curtis.cavers@agr.gc.ca) A review of literature on the effect

More information

Plant Structure, Growth, and Development. Chapter 35

Plant Structure, Growth, and Development. Chapter 35 Plant Structure, Growth, and Development Chapter 35 PLANTS developmental plasticity = ability of plant to alter form to respond to environment Biological heirarchy Cell basic unit of life Tissue group

More information

Postharvest Management of Commercial Horticultural Crops STORAGE CONDITIONS FRUITS & VEGETABLES

Postharvest Management of Commercial Horticultural Crops STORAGE CONDITIONS FRUITS & VEGETABLES Postharvest Management of Commercial Horticultural Crops STORAGE CONDITIONS FRUITS & VEGETABLES By Karen L. B. Gast Once a crop is harvested, it is almost impossible to improve its quality. Losses of horticultural

More information

An Arvum Group Company SEED TECHNOLOGY MAIZE GUIDE 2013 SUPPORTING FARM INCOME WITH BETTER VARIETIES

An Arvum Group Company SEED TECHNOLOGY MAIZE GUIDE 2013 SUPPORTING FARM INCOME WITH BETTER VARIETIES SEED TECHNOLOGY MAIZE GUIDE 2013 SUPPORTING FARM INCOME WITH BETTER VARIETIES WHY GROW MAIZE? Maize Silage is a high energy starch-rich and very palatable forage which is ideal for including in ruminant

More information

IGCSE and GCSE Biology. Answers to questions. Section 2. Flowering Plants. Chapters 6-9. Chapter 6 Plant structure and function

IGCSE and GCSE Biology. Answers to questions. Section 2. Flowering Plants. Chapters 6-9. Chapter 6 Plant structure and function 1 IGCSE and GCSE Biology. Answers to questions Section 2. Flowering Plants. Chapters 6-9 Chapter 6 Plant structure and function Page 54 1. a Epidermis. Helps maintain shape, reduces evaporation, resists

More information

Enterprise Guide for Southern Maryland: Growing Broccoli

Enterprise Guide for Southern Maryland: Growing Broccoli 1 Fact Sheet 450 Enterprise Guide for Southern Maryland: Growing Broccoli Broccoli is a popular vegetable in both fresh and frozen forms and has become a common vegetable in salad bars. Recently it has

More information

Water Disinfection for Produce Applications. Decay and Illness Prevention

Water Disinfection for Produce Applications. Decay and Illness Prevention UC UC STATEWIDE Postharvest Quality and and Safety Water Disinfection for Produce Applications Decay and Illness Prevention Why water? Basics of chlorination ORP performance trials Practical use issues

More information

GARDEN FACTS. When are apples ripe?

GARDEN FACTS. When are apples ripe? A3743-E GARDEN FACTS U n i v e r s i t y o f W i s c o n s i n E x t e n s i o n When are apples ripe? Teryl R. Roper DIFFERENT APPLE CULTIVARS RIPEN over a long season. In Wisconsin, apples ripen from

More information

Strawberry Production Basics: Matted Row

Strawberry Production Basics: Matted Row Strawberry Production Basics: Matted Row David T. Handley, Vegetable and Small Fruits Specialist University of Maine Cooperative Extension Highmoor Farm, P.O. Box 179, Monmouth, Maine 04259 (207) 933-2100

More information

Roots and Stems and Leaves, Oh My!

Roots and Stems and Leaves, Oh My! Roots and Stems and Leaves, Oh My! Objectives 1. The student will be able to identify parts of a plant. 2. The student will understand the function of plant parts. Grade Level 1-3 4-6 TEKS: 1.6B, 2.6C;

More information

SoybeanS n. Soybean CySt. Soybean. nematode. management. Field Guide

SoybeanS n. Soybean CySt. Soybean. nematode. management. Field Guide Soybean Soybean CySt nematode management m SoybeanS n Field Guide A visual aid for identifying and defending your soybean fields from yield-robbing SCN. table of ContentS SCN Biology... Life cycle...page

More information

Process 3.5. A Pour it down the sink. B Pour it back into its original container. C Dispose of it as directed by his teacher.

Process 3.5. A Pour it down the sink. B Pour it back into its original container. C Dispose of it as directed by his teacher. Process 3.5 Biology EOI sample test questions Objective numbers correspond to the State Priority Academic Student Skills (PASS) standards and objectives. This number is also referenced with the local objective

More information

SOIL TEST NOTES. NOTE 17: Managing Lead Contaminated Soils

SOIL TEST NOTES. NOTE 17: Managing Lead Contaminated Soils University of Delaware Soil Testing Laboratory Newark, DE 19717-1303 SOIL TEST NOTES NOTE 17: Managing Lead Contaminated Soils Lead in Soils Lead is naturally present in all soils at low levels. Some soils,

More information

Preserve Your Garden Delights: How to Can Fresh Vegetables

Preserve Your Garden Delights: How to Can Fresh Vegetables Information from Human Environmental Sciences Extension Food reservation reserve Your Garden Delights: How to Can Fresh Vegetables Nutritional Sciences University of Missouri Extension Vegetables are at

More information

III. Hazard Tree Summary

III. Hazard Tree Summary III. Hazard Tree Summary Methodology The sheer numbers of trees as well as the difficulty in determining precise tree ownerships has hampered hazard tree identification on the SVCA property. We did identify

More information

Integrated Pest Management

Integrated Pest Management Integrated Pest Management Andrea Veres Junior Technical Officer FAO REU andrea.veres@fao.org Yerevan, Armenia 2013 Why develop IPM? Agriculture was: not sustainable optimized inputs for maximum profit

More information

Common Diseases of Leafy Greens

Common Diseases of Leafy Greens ANR-1189 Common Diseases of Leafy Greens Production of leafy greens in Alabama and the Southeast can be affected by a variety of plant diseases. Damage can range from minor spotting on leaves to complete

More information

Perspectives of water efficient and saline agriculture. November 25th, Greet Blom-Zandstra

Perspectives of water efficient and saline agriculture. November 25th, Greet Blom-Zandstra Perspectives of water efficient and saline agriculture November 25th, Greet Blom-Zandstra Outline Current and future problems Effects of drought or salinity on plants Plant responses Anticipation in agricultural

More information

OSU Extension Service Master Gardener Program. Organic Pest Control. Weston Miller OSU Extension Service Community and Urban Horticulture faculty

OSU Extension Service Master Gardener Program. Organic Pest Control. Weston Miller OSU Extension Service Community and Urban Horticulture faculty Organic Pest Control Weston Miller OSU Extension Service Community and Urban Horticulture faculty Audience Question What does the term organic pest control mean to you? Preview of Presentation Organic

More information

Tomato Year-Round IPM Program ANNUAL CHECKLIST (Reviewed 12/12)

Tomato Year-Round IPM Program ANNUAL CHECKLIST (Reviewed 12/12) Tomato Year-Round IPM Program ANNUAL CHECKLIST (Reviewed 12/12) These practices are recommended for a monitoring-based IPM program that reduces water quality problems related to pesticide use. Track your

More information

A Primer on Hydroponic Cut Tulips

A Primer on Hydroponic Cut Tulips This article was originally published in Greenhouse Product News 12(8):8-12., 2002. A Primer on Hydroponic Cut Tulips William B. Miller Department of Horticulture Cornell University Ithaca NY 14853 wbm8@cornell.edu

More information