MICROPROCESSORS AND MICROCONTROLLERS

Transcription

1 MICROPROCESSORS AND MICROCONTROLLERS Introduction & Overview Of 8051 Microcontrollers Arun Xavier VAST

2 2 Microcontroller 8051 Module IV (Microcontroller 8051) (18 Hours) Overview of 8051 microcontrollers Architecture Assembly programming data types and directives flag bits register banks and stack loop and Jump instructions call instructions Arithmetic and Logic instructions and simple programs 8051 interrupts programming timer interrupts. Interfacing of microcontroller External memory interfacing-lcd and Keyboard interfacing Parallel and serial ADC interfacing DAC interfacing Interfacing Stepper motor control DC motor interfacing.

3 3 INTRODUCTION MC incorporates all the features that are found in MP. MC has built in ROM, RAM, Input Output ports, Serial Port, timers, interrupts and clock circuit. An entire computer on a single chip. This is widely used in washing machines, robotics, etc 8051 is the first microcontroller of the MCS-51 family introduced by Intel Corporation at the end of the 1981s. Microcontroller (MC) may be called computer on chip since it has basic features of microprocessor with internal ROM, RAM, Parallel and serial ports within single chip. System on Single Chip

4 4 INTRODUCTION Microcontroller can be classified on the basis of their bits processed like 8bit MC, 16bit MC. 8 bit microcontroller, means it can read, write and process 8 bit data microcontroller is basically 8 bit specifies the size of data bus.

5 5 MICROPROCESSOR vs MICROCONTROLLER

6 6 MICROPROCESSOR vs MICROCONTROLLER General-purpose microprocessors Must add RAM, ROM, I/O ports, and timers externally to make them functional Make the system bulkier and much more expensive Have the advantage of versatility on the amount of RAM, ROM, and I/O ports Microcontroller The fixed amount of on-chip ROM, RAM, and number of I/O ports makes them ideal for many applications in which cost and space are critical In many applications, the space it takes, the power it consumes, and the price per unit are much more critical considerations than the computing power

7 7 MICROPROCESSOR vs MICROCONTROLLER Microcontroller gives the satisfactory performance for small applications. But for large applications the memory requirement is limited for program storage. So for large applications we prefer microprocessor than microcontroller due to its high processing speed and having large memory.

8 8 SOME PRODUCTS Home Appliances, intercom, telephones, security systems, garage door openers, answering machines, fax machines, home computers, TVs, cable TV tuner, VCR, camcorder, remote controls, video games, cellular phones, exercise equipment Office Telephones, computers, security systems, fax machines, microwave, copier, laser printer, paging Auto Trip computer, engine control, air bag, ABS, instrumentation, security system, transmission control,

9 9 MICROCONTROLLER Major 8-bit microcontrollers Motorola s 6811 Intel s 8051 Zilog s Z8 Microchip s PIC Pgm. written for one will not run on others(each has unique Instruction set, registers, etc) There are also 16-bit and 32-bit microcontrollers made by various chip makers

10 10 CHOOSING A MICROCONTROLLER Meet the computing needs of the task at hand efficiently and cost effectively Speed Packaging Power consumption The amount of RAM and ROM on chip The number of I/O pins and the timer on chip How easy to upgrade to higher performance or lower power-consumption versions Cost per unit

11 11 CHOOSING A MICROCONTROLLER Availability of software development tools, such as compilers, assemblers, and debuggers Wide availability and reliable sources of the microcontroller The 8051 family has the largest number of diversified (multiple source) suppliers Intel (original), Atmel, Philips/Signetics, AMD, Infineon (formerly Siemens), Matra, Dallas Semiconductor/Maxim

12 12 History of 8051 Intel introduced 8051, referred as MCS-51, in is an 8-bit processor Led to many versions of the Speed - ROM, etc 8051 became widely popular after allowing other manufactures to make and market any flavour of the 8051, but remaining codecompatible

13 Microcontroller Original member in 8051 family Refers to MCS-51 Main features are 128 bytes of RAM 4K bytes of on-chip ROM Two timers One serial port Four I/O ports, each 8 bits wide 6 interrupt sources

14 Microcontroller Another member of the 8051 family Std features of 8051 & extra 128b RAM and an extra timer So 256b RAM & 3 timers & 8K for the ROM 8051 is a subset of the 8052 All pgm of 8051 will work in 8052, not reverse Also 8K bytes of on-chip program ROM instead of 4K bytes

15 Microcontroller ROM-less 8051 Add external ROM to it - large as 64K You lose two ports, and leave only 2 ports for I/O operations To solve this add external I/O Various speed versions from different companies

16 16 Comparison of 8051 Family Members

17 17 Various 8051 Microcontrollers 8751 microcontroller UV-EPROM PROM burner UV-EPROM eraser takes 20 min to erase AT89C51 from Atmel Corporation Flash (erase before write) ROM burner that supports flash A separate eraser is not needed

18 18 Various 8051 Microcontrollers DS89C4x0 from Dallas Semiconductor Flash -Comes with on-chip loader Loading program to on-chip flash via PC COM port OTP (one-time-programmable) version of 8051 Flash Type When a product is designed and absolutely finalized Much cheaper

19 19 Regards Arun Xavier