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1 It s a plankton eat plankton world Table of Contents Ask A Biologist activity for classroom and home By Colleen Miks Experiment Overview Food Web Worksheet Marine Organisms Worksheet What do I eat? Worksheet Teaching Tips & Objectives Arizona Science Standards, Common Core Standards, Next Generation Science Standards Learn more This is a companion PDF for these online articles: It s a Plankton Eat Plankton World An Invisible Watery World About the Author Colleen Miks received her Bachelors of Science in Fisheries Biology from Humboldt State University. She received her Masters of Education from Plymouth State University and teaches Earth and Space Science at Sossaman Middle School in Gilbert Arizona. It s a Plankton Eat Plankton World Packet Ask A Biologist
2 Experiment Overview Inside a drop of water that you might collect from a stream, river, lake or ocean are tiny organisms. These tiny and sometimes not so small living things are called plankton. What role do plankton play in aquatic food webs? What do plankton eat, and what uses plankton as a food source? As you learned in Invisible Watery World, there are two different types of plankton, phytoplankton and zooplankton. All other life in the ocean needs phytoplankton to survive. Phytoplankton get their energy directly from the sun using photosynthesis, just like plants. Zooplankton then feed on phytoplankton, and are then eaten by larger zooplankton, fish, larger fish, and so on. Plankton are at the base of a complex aquatic food web. During this activity you will learn how to create your own food web. You will also analyze the feeding relationships between marine organisms and describe plankton s importance to the ecosystem. What you need Marine Food Web worksheets Colored Pencils Scissors Yarn Glue Before you begin Print out the Marine Food Web worksheets (pages 3-5). Color and cut out the marine organisms on the Marine Organisms page. Read Invisible Watery World and look at the What do I eat? table. Procedure Step 1: You will use the yarn to show how organisms are connected in your food web. Start with the phytoplankton that you colored and cut out. You will glue the phytoplankton to your Marine Food Web worksheet. The sun provides phytoplankton the energy needed to survive. Represent the relationship between the sun and phytoplankton with a piece of string. Step 2: Draw an arrow to show the direction the energy moves. Arrows represent energy flow from one organism to the next so make sure that your arrow faces the right direction. The sun gives energy to phytoplankton, so the arrow faces phytoplankton, as shown in the figure. Energy flow Phytoplankton Energy flow Zooplankton Step 3: Which organisms consume phytoplankton to gain energy for survival? Zooplankton. Just like in steps 1 and 2, you will represent this relationship by connecting the phytoplankton and zooplankton with a piece of string, and draw an arrow to show the energy flow. Make sure your arrow is pointing in the right direction. Step 4: Keep adding organisms, using the What do I eat? table to figure out what each organism eats. Add organisms until you reach one that is not consumed by any other organism. That organism is called an Apex Predator. Step 5: You will have some cut-out organisms that are not part of your food web. That s okay! Start again with the sun and add on each organism just like you did before. Keep adding arrows to show which way the energy flows. When you run out of organisms, you are done. The end result will be a Marine Food Web! It s a Plankton Eat Plankton World Packet Ask A Biologist 2
3 Marine Food Web It s a Plankton Eat Plankton World Worksheet Ask A Biologist 3
4 Marine Organisms It s a Plankton Eat Plankton World Worksheet Ask A Biologist 4
5 # Name What do I eat? 1 Phytoplankton I use energy from sunlight to turn carbon dioxide gas into sugars. 2 Zooplankton I eat phytoplankton. 3 Small fish I eat zooplankton. 4 Shellfish I eat zooplankton. 5 Jellyfish I eat small fish and zooplankton. 6 Sea turtle I eat jellyfish and small fish. 7 Large fish I eat small fish. 8 Sea Lion I eat small fish. 9 Sea Bird I eat small fish, jellyfish, and shellfish. 10 Shark I eat small fish, large fish, and sea lions. 11 Toothed whale I eat small fish, large fish, and sea lions 12 Baleen whale I eat zooplankton. It s a Plankton Eat Plankton World Worksheet Ask A Biologist 5
6 For Teachers This activity is a great way to show students how complex food webs are. Tips for Classroom Implementation Time Required: 50 minutes Classroom set-up: Supply each student or pair of students with the three worksheets ( Marine Food Web, Marine Organisms, and What do I eat? ) in this PDF. Supply markers, scissors, yarn, and glue. Tips This activity can be done independently but I have found it works best in pairs. Read Invisible Watery World as a class before beginning this activity. It gives students background information about how plankton fit into the food web. This is a great activity to do after a lesson on feeding relationships. It allows students to use the information they just received to build a food web showing the feeding relationships found in an aquatic ecosystem. Extensions Have students answer the following questions using their completed marine food web. 1. What would happen to your food web if the phytoplankton died out because of water pollution? 2. How would the jellyfish population be affected if sea turtles were removed? 3. How important are plankton in the marine food web? Explain your answer using evidence from your food web. 4. Why do we use arrows when creating a food web? What do they represent? 5. Using the food chain below, summarize the flow of energy from organism to organism. 6. Sun Phytoplankton Zooplankton Small fish Jellyfish Sea Turtle Create a food web using the organisms found in a sample of pond water (requires microscope). Create a food web using different biomes (rain forest, desert, grasslands). Objectives 1. Students will identify the relationships among organisms within and aquatic ecosystem 2. Students will diagram the energy flow in an ecosystem through a food chain. It s a Plankton Eat Plankton World Packet Ask A Biologist 6
7 Standards Arizona Science Standards Strand 4: Life Science Concept 3: Populations of Organisms in Ecosystems Grade 6 Grade 7 PO 1. Explain that sunlight is the major source of energy for most ecosystems. PO 1. Compare food chains in a specified ecosystem and their corresponding food web. PO 3. Analyze the interactions of living organisms with their ecosystems. PO 6. Create a model of the interactions of living organisms within an ecosystem. Grades 9-12 PO 1. Identify the relationships among organisms within populations, communities, ecosystems, and biomes. Concept 5: Matter, Energy, and Organization in Living Systems Grades 9-12 PO 4. Diagram the energy flow in an ecosystem through a food chain. Common Core Standards 6-8.RST.4. Determine the meaning of symbols, key terms, and other domain-specific words and phrases as they are used in a specific scientific or technical context relevant to grades 6 8 texts and topics. Read about food chains and food webs, and then identify the linguistic roots and affixes to help them identify the meanings of terms related to trophic levels, such as carnivore, herbivore, omnivore, autotroph, and heterotrophy. (SC07-S4C3-01) Determine the meaning of the direction of the arrows in the food chains and food webs. (SC07-S4C3-01) 6-8.RST.7. Integrate quantitative or technical information expressed in words in a text with a version of that information expressed visually (e.g., in a flowchart, diagram, model, graph, or table). Integrate written descriptions of a Marine food web with visual representations of the Marine food web Next Generation Science Standards MS-LS1-6. Construct a scientific explanation based on evidence for the role of photosynthesis in the cycling of matter and flow of energy into and out of organisms. It s a Plankton Eat Plankton World Packet Ask A Biologist 7
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The concepts developed in this standard include the following: Oceans cover about 70% of the surface of the Earth.
Name Date Grade 5 SOL 5.6 Review Oceans Made by SOLpass - www.solpass.org solpass100@comcast.net Reproduction is permitted for SOLpass subscribers only. The concepts developed in this standard include
Standard II: Students will understand that organisms depend on living and nonliving things within their environment.
Cassie Nielsen and Denise Alatrista Spring, 2005 Living Non Living Mobile The purpose of this lesson is to introduce the concept of living and nonliving organisms in general. There is a starter activity
Coral Reefs Lecture Notes
Coral Reefs Lecture Notes (Topic 10D) page 1 Coral Reefs Lecture Notes Corals Polyps & Zooxanthellae Coral Polyps Are coral polyps algae or animals? Description (What do coral polyps look like? Make a
PROCEDURE. See: Great Lakes Coastal Wetlands (http:// www.miseagrant.umich.edu/wetlands/index.html)
Activity: Students review a selection of career profiles and play a lively classroom game to find out more about marine and aquatic science professionals. Grade Level: 4-8 Subjects: Science, social studies