REVIEW. Keywords : Sentinel Lymph node, Lymphatic mapping, Breast cancer, Esophageal cancer, Less invasive surgery

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Hugo Asher Richard
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1 REVIEW Department of Oncological and Regenerative Surgery, Institute of Health Bioscience The University of Tokushima Graduate School, and Department of Adult and Gerontological Nursing, School of Health Sciences, The University of Tokushima, Tokushima, Japan Abstract : Sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) has been developed as a new diagnostic and therapeutic modality in melanoma and breast cancer surgery. ThepurposeoftheSLNB include preventing the operative morbidity and improving the pathologic stage by focusing on fewer lymph nodes using immunocytochemic and molecular technology has almost achieved in breast cancer surgery. The prognostic meaning of immunocytochemically detected micrometastases is also evaluating in the SLN and bone marrow aspirates of women with early-stage breast cancer. SLNB using available techniques have suggested that the lymphatic drainage of the gastrointestinal tract is much more complicated than other sites, skip metastasis being rather frequent because of an aberrant lymphatic drainage outside of the basin exist. At the moment, the available data does not justify reduced extent of lymphadenectomy, but provides strong evidence for an improvement in tumor staging on the basis of SLNB. Two large scale prospective multi-center trials concerning feasibility of gamma-probe and dye detection for gastric cancer are ongoing in Japan. Recent studies have shown favorable results for identification of SLN in esophageal cancer. CT lymphography with endoscopic mucosal injection of iopamidol was applicable for SLN navigation of superficial esophageal cancer. The aim of surgical treatment is complete resection of the tumor-infiltrated organ including the regional lymph nodes. Accurate detection of SLN can achieve a selection of a more sophisticated tailor made approach. The patient can make a individualized choice from a broader spectrum of therapeutic options including endoscopic, laparoscopic or laparoscopyassisted surgery, modified radical surgery, and typical radical surgery with lymph node dissection. Ultrastaging by detecting micrometastasis at the molecular level and the choice of an adequate treatment improve the postoperative quality of life and survival. However these issues require further investigation. J. Med. Invest. 54 : 1-18, February, 2007 Keywords : Sentinel Lymph node, Lymphatic mapping, Breast cancer, Esophageal cancer, Less invasive surgery The Journal of Medical Investigation Vol

2 A. Tangoku, et al. Current status of sentinel lymph node navigation surgery et al. i) Tracer and injection site

3 The Journal of Medical Investigation Vol. 54 February 2007 et al. ii) Mechanism by which the tracer is trapped in SLN

4 A. Tangoku, et al. Current status of sentinel lymph node navigation surgery iii) Lymphatic anatomy of the breast and internal mammary route iv) Computed Tomography Lymphography (CT-LG)

5 The Journal of Medical Investigation Vol. 54 February 2007

6 A. Tangoku, et al. Current status of sentinel lymph node navigation surgery i) Application of gynecologic, urologic, head and neck, and lung cancer

7 The Journal of Medical Investigation Vol. 54 February 2007 ii) SLNB in gastrointestinal tract

8 A. Tangoku, et al. Current status of sentinel lymph node navigation surgery et al

9 The Journal of Medical Investigation Vol. 54 February 2007

10 A. Tangoku, et al. Current status of sentinel lymph node navigation surgery et al.

11 The Journal of Medical Investigation Vol. 54 February 2007

12 A. Tangoku, et al. Current status of sentinel lymph node navigation surgery

13 The Journal of Medical Investigation Vol. 54 February 2007

14 A. Tangoku, et al. Current status of sentinel lymph node navigation surgery

15 The Journal of Medical Investigation Vol. 54 February 2007 Ex vivo Ex vivo in vivo ex vivo

16 A. Tangoku, et al. Current status of sentinel lymph node navigation surgery

17 The Journal of Medical Investigation Vol. 54 February 2007 γ

18 A. Tangoku, et al. Current status of sentinel lymph node navigation surgery

Sentinel Lymph Node Mapping for Endometrial Cancer. Locke Uppendahl, MD Grand Rounds

Sentinel Lymph Node Mapping for Endometrial Cancer Locke Uppendahl, MD Grand Rounds Endometrial Cancer Most common gynecologic malignancy in US estimated 52,630 new cases in 2014 estimated 8,590 deaths