Online Learning: Academic and Labor Market Outcomes
|
|
|
- Ralf Harmon
- 10 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Online Learning: Academic and Labor Market Outcomes Shanna Jaggars & Di Xu Community College Research Center Teachers College, Columbia University September 19, 2014 CAPSEE Conference Washington, DC
2 Overview A second look at research in 4-year colleges Emergent research in 2-year colleges Potential solutions: moving forward
3 Research in Four-Year Colleges Department of Education meta-analysis (2010) Only 7 rigorous studies of fully-online semester-length college courses On average no difference Elite settings; small, selected courses Withdrawal rates not discussed
4 Research in Four-Year Colleges Department of Education meta-analysis (2010) Quasi-experimental work (economics) Students performed worse online Gaps larger for men, financial aid recipients, those not good at math
5 Research in Four-Year Universities Department of Education meta-analysis (2010) Quasi-experimental work (economics) Figlio et al. (2013, J Labor Econ) Live-lecture performed modestly better Largest gaps for Hispanics, males, students w/ lower prior GPA
6 Community College Research Two-year colleges Both career paths & university transfer paths 8 million students (45% undergrads) High proportions low-income / first-generation Our studies Entire CC system in VA & WA Jaggars & Xu 3rd anonymous CC system & several CCs in 4th state CAPSEE: Streich Every online & f2f course taken
7 Fully-Online Students Most online CC students mix online & f2f (VA & WA) Nearly half take at least 1 online course Very few take all courses online Students in online courses positively selected (all 4 states) More likely older, have dependents, employed full-time More likely female, White, higher-income, academically prepared at entry, English-fluent Students select easier subjects to take online (qual in VA; quant in Streich s 2 anon states)
8 Online Course Outcomes, VA & WA CCs Virginia % Persisting If persist, % C+ Intro English courses Intro Math courses Multilevel PSM results, all coefficients significant p < 0.01, Xu & Jaggars (2011), EEPA Washington % Persisting Grade (0-4) Transfer-path students, all online & f2f courses IV results based on distance, all coefficients significant p < 0.01, Xu & Jaggars (2013), EER
9 Online Course Outcomes, Streich All online & f2f courses % Persisting If persist, % D+ All CCs, anon. 3 rd state CCs in 4 th state Student*term fixed-effects model, all coefficients significant p < 0.01, Streich (2014), U Mich diss.
10 Heterogeneity (WA, 3rd & 4th state) Decrement in performance (online vs. f2f) stronger for: Males Younger students Academically-underprepared or lower-gpa students Black students (WA) WA, all online/f2f courses % Persisting If persist, grade (0-4) White Black Hispanic Fixed-effects results, all coefficients significant p < 0.01, Xu & Jaggars (2014), JHE
11 Employment & Wages Level & growth of student wages depressed while enrolled (e.g., Jaggars & Xu, 2014) Students already more attached to labor market = more likely to choose online courses Higher pre-college wages Stronger pre-college growth in wages (Streich, 3rd state) Streich analysis (3rd state): Focuses on CC students 20+ years old Individual fixed-effects model controls for pre-college wage level but not necessarily growth trend Students attended college but didn t necessarily graduate
12 Streich (3rd state) Findings Earnings depressed by $350 for each credit currently attempted, but only by $79 if that credit is online Online credits may have substantial positive work experience implications, somewhat offset by mild negative human capital effects In long-term, taking any number of online credits has positive labor market implications, but additional online credits have no additional benefit somewhat puzzling. Long-term any online credits estimate much stronger for students aged 30+ vs years after enrollment: $1518 vs. $804
13 Implications Online coursework Seems to benefit older, working, motivated adults May be problematic for younger, less-motivated, or less-prepared students Improving online learning (e.g., Jaggars & Xu, 2013, CCRC WP; Jaggars, 2014, AJDE) Not all students have had opportunity to develop self-directed learning skills If expect students to successfully learn online, must help cultivate these skills Students believe teacher presence, guidance, encouragement are key
14 Visit us on the web at capseecenter.org We re also on Facebook and Twitter. Center for Analysis of Postsecondary Education and Employment Teachers College, Columbia University 525 West 120th Street, Box 174, New York, NY CAPSEE is funded through a grant (R305C110011) from the Institute of Education Sciences, U.S. Department of Education.
What We Know About Online Course Outcomes
RESEARCH OVERVIEW / APRIL 2013 What We Know About Course Outcomes Higher Education Is Expanding Rapidly Since 2010, online college course enrollment has increased by 29 percent. Currently, 6.7 million
The Causal Effect of Federal Work-Study on Student Outcomes in the Ohio Public University System
The Causal Effect of Federal Work-Study on Student Outcomes in the Ohio Public University System Adela Soliz & Bridget Terry Long Harvard Graduate School of Education September 19, 2014 Washington, DC
What We Know About Developmental Education Outcomes
RESEARCH OVERVIEW / JANUARY 2014 What We Know About Developmental Education Outcomes What Is Developmental Education? Many recent high school graduates who enter community college are required to take
TASK FORCE FINDINGS FINAL REPORT: Business Administration & Management Program Review Fall 2013
TASK FORCE FINDINGS FINAL REPORT: Business Administration & Management Program Review Fall 2013 HILLSBOROUGH COMMUNITY COLLEGE, HILLSBOROUGH COUNTY, FLORIDA TASK FORCE MEMEBERS Chair, Ms. Andrea Borchard,
Online and Hybrid Course Enrollment and Performance in Washington State Community and Technical Colleges
Online and Hybrid Course Enrollment and Performance in Washington State Community and Technical Colleges Di Xu and Shanna Smith Jaggars March 2011 CCRC Working Paper No. 31 Address correspondence to: Shanna
Online and Hybrid Course Enrollment and Performance in Washington State Community and Technical Colleges
Online and Hybrid Course Enrollment and Performance in Washington State Community and Technical Colleges Di Xu and Shanna Smith Jaggars March 2011 CCRC Working Paper No. 31 Address correspondence to: Shanna
Readiness Matters The Impact of College Readiness on College Persistence and Degree Completion
Readiness Matters The Impact of College Readiness on College Persistence and Degree Completion Steve Kappler AVP Career & College Readiness ACT, Inc. [email protected] NACAC Webinar Series February
Changing Distributions: How online college classes alter student and professor performance
Changing Distributions: How online college classes alter student and professor performance Eric Bettinger, Lindsay Fox, Susanna Loeb, and Eric Taylor CENTER FOR EDUCATION POLICY ANALYSIS at STANFORD UNIVERSITY
What We Know About Dual Enrollment
RESEARCH OVERVIEW / FEBRUARY 212 What We Know About Dual Enrollment What Is Dual Enrollment? In dual enrollment (DE), high school students are enrolled in a college course and complete all the assignments
74% 68% 47% 54% 33% Staying on Target. ACT Research and Policy. The Importance of Monitoring Student Progress toward College and Career Readiness
Staying on Target ACT Research and Policy The Importance of Monitoring Student Progress toward Research Brief 74% Percentage of ACT-tested 11 high school graduates took a core curriculum in high school
Borrowers Who Drop Out
A Neglected Aspect of the College Student Loan Trend By Lawrence Gladieux and Laura Perna May 2005 The National Center for Public Policy and Higher Education National Center Report #05-2 2005 by The National
Online Learning in the Virginia Community College System. Shanna Smith Jaggars and Di Xu
Online Learning in the Virginia Community College System Shanna Smith Jaggars and Di Xu September 2010 Acknowledgments: Funding for this study was provided by Lumina Foundation for Education through a
Research Report No. 06-2
Research Report No. 06-2 Washington State Board for Community and Technical Colleges Building Pathways to Success for Low-Skill Adult Students: Lessons for Community College Policy and Practice from a
Strategies for Promoting Gatekeeper Course Success Among Students Needing Remediation: Research Report for the Virginia Community College System
Strategies for Promoting Gatekeeper Course Success Among Students Needing Remediation: Research Report for the Virginia Community College System Josipa Roksa Davis Jenkins Shanna Smith Jaggars Matthew
Student Success Courses and Educational Outcomes at Virginia Community Colleges
Student Success Courses and Educational Outcomes at Virginia Community Colleges Sung-Woo Cho and Melinda Mechur Karp February 2012 CCRC Working Paper No. 40 Address correspondence to: Sung-Woo Cho Quantitative
Bowen, Chingos & McPherson, Crossing the Finish Line
1 Bowen, W. G., Chingos, M. M., and McPherson, M. S. (2009). Crossing the Finish Line: Completing College at America s Public Universities. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press. The authors begin
Promoting Gatekeeper Course Success Among Community College Students Needing Remediation
Promoting Gatekeeper Course Success Among Community College Students Needing Remediation Findings and Recommendations from a Virginia Study (Summary Report) Davis Jenkins Shanna Smith Jaggars Josipa Roksa
Changing Distributions: How Online College Classes Alter Student and Professor Performance
Changing Distributions: How Online College Classes Alter Student and Professor Performance Eric Bettinger, Lindsay Fox, Susanna Loeb and Eric Taylor Changing Distributions: How online college classes alter
What We Know About Online Course Outcomes
RESEARCH OVERVIEW / APRIL 2013 What We Know About Online Course Outcomes Online Higher Education Is Expanding Rapidly Since 2010, online college course enrollment has increased by 29 percent. Currently,
What We Know About Online Course Outcomes
RESEARCH OVERVIEW / APRIL 2013 What We Know About Online Course Outcomes Online Higher Education Is Expanding Rapidly Since 2010, online college course enrollment has increased by 29 percent. Currently,
NATIONAL CENTER FOR EDUCATION STATISTICS U.S. Department of Education Office of Educational Research and Improvement NCES 2001 126
Access, Persistence, and Attainment Page 1 NATIONAL CENTER FOR EDUCATION STATISTICS U.S. Department of Education Office of Educational Research and Improvement NCES 2001 126 U.S. Department of Education
IDAHO 2011 For a strong economy, the skills gap must be closed.
For a strong economy, the skills gap must be closed. 63% 34% 29% By 2020, jobs requiring a career certificate or college degree Skills gap Too few students make it through college. MEMBER Idaho adults
10 Different State Diploma Structures from Across the Country. October 28, 2014
10 Different State Diploma Structures from Across the Country October 28, 2014 Guiding Questions How do other states compare on issues of rigor, complexity of course requirements, and college and career
ETS s Addressing Achievement Gaps Symposium. Advancing Success for Black Men in College. A Statistical Profile
ETS s Addressing Achievement Gaps Symposium Advancing Success for Black Men in College A Statistical Profile ETS s Addressing Achievement Gaps Symposium Advancing Success for Black Men in College Co-sponsored
Administrative Council July 28, 2010 Presented by Nancy McNerney Institutional Effectiveness Planning and Research
Administrative Council July 28, 2010 Presented by Nancy McNerney Institutional Effectiveness Planning and Research Developmental Students Today I will talk about 1. Who are they? 2. What are some facts
The Journal of Higher Education, Volume 85, Number 5, September/October 2014, pp. 633-659 (Article) DOI: 10.1353/jhe.2014.0028
P rf r n p B t n nl n nd F t F r : D ff r n r T p f t d nt nd d bj t r Di Xu, Shanna S. Jaggars The Journal of Higher Education, Volume 85, Number 5, September/October 2014, pp. 633-659 (Article) P bl
NOT YET SOLD: What Employers and Community College Students Think About Online Education. A Taking Stock Report from Public Agenda
NOT YET SOLD: A Taking Stock Report from Public Agenda With support from The Kresge Foundation SEPTEMBER 2013 What Employers and Community College Students Think About Online Education A REPORT BY SUMMARY
2014-15 School Quality Guide / HS Summary of Section Ratings
School Quality Guide / HS Summary of Section Ratings 84K473 Framework for Great Schools The Framework consists of six elements Rigorous Instruction, Collaborative Teachers, Supportive Environment, Effective
Creating an Effective Online Environment
CREATING AN EFFECTIVE ONLINE ENVIRONMENT / MARCH 2013 Creating an Effective Online Environment Why Might Students Perform More Poorly Online? Online courses present a number of challenges particular to
Virginia s College and Career Readiness Initiative
Virginia s College and Career Readiness Initiative In 1995, Virginia began a broad educational reform program that resulted in revised, rigorous content standards, the Virginia Standards of Learning (SOL),
Issue Brief: Developmental Education in Community Colleges Prepared for: The White House Summit on Community College
Issue Brief: Developmental Education in Community Colleges Prepared for: The White House Summit on Community College Thomas Bailey and Sung-Woo Cho, CCRC September 2010 When students arrive to enroll in
Meeting Oregon s new high school math graduation requirements: examining student enrollment and teacher availability
ISSUES& ANSWERS REL 2012 No. 126 At Education Northwest Meeting Oregon s new high school math graduation requirements: examining student enrollment and teacher availability ISSUES& ANSWERS REL 2012 No.
THE EDUCATIONAL PROGRESS OF BLACK STUDENTS
NATIONAL CENTER FOR EDUCATION STATISTICS Findings from THE CONDITION OF EDUCATION 1994 NO. 2 THE EDUCATIONAL PROGRESS OF BLACK STUDENTS U.S. Department of Education Office of Educational Research and Improvement
Teaching college microeconomics: Online vs. traditional classroom instruction
Teaching college microeconomics: Online vs. traditional classroom instruction ABSTRACT Cynthia McCarty Jacksonville State University Doris Bennett Jacksonville State University Shawn Carter Jacksonville
First-Generation College Students: How Co-Curricular Involvement Can Assist with Success. Valerie Garcia
46 The Vermont Connection 2010 Volume 31 First-Generation College Students: How Co-Curricular Involvement Can Assist with Success Valerie Garcia First-generation college students are students whose parents
College Students with Children are Common and Face Many Challenges in Completing Higher Education
IWPR# C404 March 2013 College Students with Children are Common and Face Many Challenges in Completing Higher Education Summary Nearly 25 percent of college students in the U.S., or four million students,
The Impact of Pell Grants on Academic Outcomes for Low-Income California Community College Students
Research Brief The Impact of Pell Grants on Academic Outcomes for Low-Income California Community College Students By Jennie H. Woo This is the fifth in a series of MPR Research Briefs published on the
Which Path? A Roadmap to a Student s Best College. National College Access Network National Conference Mary Nguyen Barry September 16, 2014
Which Path? A Roadmap to a Student s Best College National College Access Network National Conference Mary Nguyen Barry September 16, 2014 THE EDUCATION TRUST WHO WE ARE The Education Trust works for the
Determining Future Success of College Students
Determining Future Success of College Students PAUL OEHRLEIN I. Introduction The years that students spend in college are perhaps the most influential years on the rest of their lives. College students
College Enrollment Hits All-Time High, Fueled by Community College Surge
Enrollment Hits All-Time High, Fueled by Community Surge FOR RELEASE: OCTOBER 29, 2009 Paul Taylor, Project Director Richard Fry, Senior Researcher Wendy Wang, Research Associate Daniel Dockterman, Research
Abstract Title Page Not included in page count.
Abstract Title Page Not included in page count. Title: Measuring Student Success from a Developmental Mathematics Course at an Elite Public Institution Authors and Affiliations: Julian Hsu, University
Does Course Delivery Format Matter? Evaluating the Effects of Online Learning in a State Community College System Using Instrumental Variable Approach
Does Course Delivery Format Matter? Evaluating the Effects of Online Learning in a State Community College System Using Instrumental Variable Approach Di Xu and Shanna Smith Jaggars Address correspondence
Community College Student Success. Developmental Education Placement Annotated Bibliography
The Completion Arch: Measuring Community College Student Success Developmental Education Placement Annotated Bibliography Adelman, C. (2005). Moving into town and moving on: The community college in the
LICENSED SOCIAL WORKERS IN THE UNITED STATES, 2004. Chapter 2 of 4. Demographics
LICENSED SOCIAL WORKERS IN THE UNITED STATES, 2004 Chapter 2 of 4 Demographics Prepared by Center for Health Workforce Studies School of Public Health, University at Albany Rensselaer, NY and NASW Center
Transform Remediation: The Co-Requisite Course Model
Transform Remediation: The Co-Requisite Course Model For far too many students, postsecondary remedial education is a dead end. About 40 percent of all students entering postsecondary education in recent
2015 Educated Eats Frans Hagen Scholarship Application
The Restaurant Association Metropolitan Washington Education Foundation (RAMW-EF), known as Educated Eats, is a non-profit organization dedicated to promoting the restaurant industry as a career of unlimited
Parental Educational Attainment and Higher Educational Opportunity
Parental Educational Attainment and Higher Educational Opportunity Federal higher education policy recognizes certain student characteristics as limiting higher educational opportunity, and has created
What We Know About Guided Pathways
RESEARCH OVERVIEW / MARCH 2015 What We Know About Guided Pathways Helping Students to Complete Programs Faster The idea behind guided pathways is straightforward. College students are more likely to complete
WORKING THEIR WAY THROUGH COLLEGE: STUDENT EMPLOYMENT AND ITS IMPACT ON THE COLLEGE EXPERIENCE
Issue Brief May 2006 WORKING THEIR WAY THROUGH COLLEGE: STUDENT EMPLOYMENT AND ITS IMPACT ON THE COLLEGE EXPERIENCE During the 2003 04 academic year, 78 percent of undergraduates worked while they were
THE EDUCATIONAL PROGRESS OF WOMEN
NATIONAL CENTER FOR EDUCATION STATISTICS Findings from THE CONDITION OF EDUCATION 1995 NO. 5 THE EDUCATIONAL PROGRESS OF WOMEN U.S. Department of Education Office of Educational Research and Improvement
February 2003 Report No. 03-17
February 2003 Report No. 03-17 Bright Futures Contributes to Improved College Preparation, Affordability, and Enrollment at a glance Since the Bright Futures program was created in 1997, Florida s high
Our Challenge: Graduating Students College & Career Ready The Long Island Regional Advisory Council on Higher Education January 31, 2013
Our Challenge: Graduating Students College & Career Ready The Long Island Regional Advisory Council on Higher Education January 31, 2013 EngageNY.org Graduating College and Career Ready New York's 4-year
WEB TABLES. Characteristics of Associate s Degree Attainers and Time to Associate s Degree U.S. DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION MARCH 2012 NCES 2012-271
WEB TABLES U.S. DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION MARCH 2012 NCES 2012-271 Characteristics of Associate s Degree Attainers and Time to Associate s Degree The number of associate s degrees conferred by U.S. postsecondary
Progression. Assessments
Developmental Education in Community Colleges Thomas Bailey and Sung-Woo Cho Community College Research Center When students arrive to enroll in community college, almost all are asked to take a skills
The Role of the Federal Child Care Access Means Parents in School (CCAMPIS) Program in Supporting Student Parent Success
February 2016 The Role of the Federal Child Care Access Means Parents in School (CCAMPIS) Program in Supporting Student Parent Success Student Need for Campus Child Care Affordable, quality child care
Students Wage and Employment Expectations. Andrew J.A Dyck Supervisor: Ehsan Latif Thompson Rivers University
1 Students Wage and Employment Expectations Andrew J.A Dyck Supervisor: Ehsan Latif Thompson Rivers University 2 Abstract Students wage and employment expectations are influential in their schooling decisions.
The MetLife Survey of
The MetLife Survey of Preparing Students for College and Careers Part 2: Teaching Diverse Learners The MetLife Survey of the American Teacher: Preparing Students for College and Careers The MetLife Survey
JUST THE FACTS. Birmingham, Alabama
JUST THE FACTS Birmingham, Alabama The Institute for a Competitive Workforce (ICW) is a nonprofit, nonpartisan, 501(c)(3) affiliate of the U.S. Chamber of Commerce. ICW promotes the rigorous educational