TOP 10 NON-FICTION. Abraham Lincoln by Lord Charnwood Biography/Leaders, ISBN: , Rs 325
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1 TOP 10 NON-FICTION Abraham Lincoln by Lord Charnwood Biography/Leaders, ISBN: , Rs 325 How to Win Friends & Influence People by Dale Carnegie Self-Help/Success, ISBN: , Rs 195 Know Your Worth by NK Sondhi & Vibha Malhotra Self-Help/Success, ISBN: , Rs 295 Relativity by Albert Einstein Science/Physics, ISBN: , Rs 225 Student s Ency. of General Knowledge by Dr. Ruth Premi Children s/reference, ISBN: , Rs 175 The Diary of a Young Girl by Anne Frank Autobiography/Memoirs, ISBN: , Rs 225 The Law of Success by Napoleon Hill Self-Help/Success, ISBN: , Rs 495 The Power of Your Subconscious Mind by Joseph Murphy Self-Help/Success, ISBN: , Rs 195 The Richest Man in Babylon by George S. Clason Self-Help/Success, ISBN: , Rs 175 The Science of Getting Rich by Wallace D. Wattles Self-Help/Success, ISBN: , Rs 145
2 TOP 10 FICTION 1984 by George Orwell Fiction/Classics, ISBN: , Rs 195 Alice s Adventures in Wonderland by Lewis Carroll Children s/classics, ISBN: , Rs 145 Animal Farm by George Orwell Fiction/Classics, ISBN: , Rs 145 Black Beauty by Anna Sewell Children s/classics, ISBN: , Rs 175 Gitanjali by Rabindranath Tagore Fiction/Poetry, ISBN: , Rs 145 Mansarover 1 (Hindi) by Premchand Fiction/Short Stories, ISBN: , Rs 175 Siddhartha by Hermann Hesse Fiction/Classics, ISBN: , Rs 195 Tales from India by Rudyard Kipling Fiction/Short Stories, ISBN: , Rs 245 The Hound of the Baskervilles by Sir Arthur Conan Doyle Fiction/Classics, ISBN: , Rs 175 The Light of Asia by Sir Edwin Arnold Religion/Buddhism, ISBN: , Rs 195
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4 Published by GENERAL PRESS 4805/24, Fourth Floor, Krishna House Ansari Road, Daryaganj, New Delhi Ph : , generalpressindia@gmail.com Aniesha Brahma All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise without the prior written permission of the publishers. First Edition : 2018 ISBN : Purchase our Books and Books online from: Amazon.in Flipkart.com Play Store Published by Azeem Ahmad Khan for General Press
5 Contents Preface How Things Fall The Apple and the Moon Calculus Planetary Orbits The Earth as a Spinning Top The Tides Triumphs of Celestial Mechanics Escaping Gravity Einstein s Theory of Gravity Unsolved Problems of Gravity
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7 To QUIGG NEWTON who reads all my books 7
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9 Preface Gravity rules the Universe. It holds together the one hundred billion stars of our Milky Way; it makes the Earth revolve around the Sun and the Moon around the Earth; it makes ripened apples and disabled airplanes fall to the ground. There are three great names in the history of man s understanding of gravity: Galileo Galilei, who was the first to study in detail the process of free and restricted fall; Isaac Newton, who first had the idea of gravity as a universal force; and Albert Einstein, who said that gravity is nothing but the curvature of the four-dimensional space-time continuum. In this book we shall go through all three stages of the development, devoting one chapter to Galileo s pioneering work, six chapters to Newton s ideas and their subsequent development, one chapter to Einstein, and one chapter to post-einsteinian speculations concerning the relation between gravity and other physical phenomena. The emphasis on the classics in this outline grows from the fact that the theory of universal gravity is a classical theory. It is very probable that there is a hidden relation between gravity on the one hand and the electromagnetic field and material 9
10 10 Gravity particles on the other, but nobody is prepared today to say what kind of relation it is. And there is no way of fore-telling how soon any further important progress will be made in this direction. Considering the classical part of the theory of gravitation, the author had to make an important decision about the use of mathematics. When Newton first conceived the idea of Universal Gravity, mathematics was not yet developed to a degree that could permit him to follow all the astronomical consequences of his ideas. Thus Newton had to develop his own mathematical system, now known as the differential and integral calculus, largely in order to answer the problems raised by his theory of universal gravitation. Therefore it seems reasonable, and not only from the historical point of view, to include in this book a discussion of the elementary principles of calculus, a decision which accounts for a rather large number of mathematical formulas in the third chapter. The reader who has the grit to concentrate on that chapter will certainly profit by it as a basis for his further study of physics. On the other hand, those who are frightened by mathematical formulas can skip that chapter without much damage to a general understanding of the subject. But if you want to learn physics, please do try to understand Chapter 3! George Gamow University of Colorado January 13, 1961
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