Study Guide for Ancient Greece

Transcription

1 Name: Class: Date: Study Guide for Ancient Greece The Romans so admired them, that they adopted many of their cultural ideas. Even today, Greek art, ideas, and mythology still play an important role in Western society. Based on a small, mountainous peninsula, the Ancient Greeks became one of the most successful and influential civilizations of all time. Study Guide Directions: Answer the questions as necessary. In the spot noted for the page number, simply write where that answer can be found for future reference. Key Terms: peninsula, acropolis, aristocrat, tyrant, democracy, oracle, philosopher, tragedy, Obj. 7.1: Describe the geography of Greece and its effects on the development of Greek civilization. 1) Describe the geographic setting and major landforms of ancient Greece? 2) How would you describe the islands of Greece? 3) How did Greece s landforms influence the way of life of the people living there? Obj. 7.2: Identify the key characteristics of early Greek civilizations. 1) From about to about B.C., the lived on the island of Crete. They were. They developed an advanced culture centered on the city of. In the middle of the 1400s B.C., Knossos was and their civilization. 2) The lived on the mainland. They were at the height of their power around B.C. The Mycenaeans spoke and wrote an early form of. They spread their power through. 3) Greek myth tells the story of the. Two long poems, the and the, tell of a struggle between Greece and the city of. The poet is given credit for them. The poems taught the Greeks how their behaved. 4) After the Trojan War, Greek civilization. No one knows why. People were very. They forgot the art of.

2 These years have been called Greece s. They lasted from the early B.C. to about B.C. During this time, people resettled near hills. They built fortifications to protect them from attack. Such a fortified hill was called an. Obj. 7.3: Examine the beginnings of government in ancient Greece. 1) Around 750 B.C., began to form. Each one formed near an. Each was more or less independent. The early rulers were probably or. By the end of the Dark Ages, most city-states were ruled by. They controlled most of the. They could afford the best weapons. 2) The city-states became richer through. A formed. It was made up of and. They became more powerful than the aristocrats. New rulers took over the government. They were called. They were by the middle classes. 3) Some tyrants were too and were. Some of the cities adopted a form of government called. One of them was. About 594 B.C., Athens gave citizens who were at least a say in government. Only about in Athenians was a citizen. Only could be citizens. To be a, a man had to have both an Athenian and. Obj. 7.4: Describe the characteristics of the Golden Age of Athens. The Golden Age of Athens Years of the Golden Age Athens s Wealth Main Political Leader

3 Obj. 7.5: Examine the religious beliefs of the ancient Greeks. 1) The Greek gods had forms. They also had many human. There were great gods led by. He lived on Greece s highest mountain,. The Greeks also honored less important and. Each city-state honored of the 12 great gods. They built a to that god. 2) Every years, there was an festival. They held games to honor. Modern games are based on this. The Greeks visited, where they asked the gods for. Answers were given by a or. Heads of state often sought advice on. The oracles had a great impact on Greek history. Obj. 7.6: Identify some of the Greek innovations in science, philosophy, and the arts. Philosophers Life and Beliefs Socrates Plato Aristotle 1) The Greeks used and to honor their gods. The was the religious heart of Athens. It had been destroyed in 480 B.C. in a war. rebuilt it to glorify the city. With the new Acropolis, Greek architecture reached its. The greatest building was a temple to the goddess. The building is called the. The Parthenon was filled with beautiful, lifelike. 2) Athenians were the first people to write, or plays. Some of the most famous Greek plays were. Between scenes, a chorus sang. In most plays, the chorus gave or praised the. Tragedies were performed for. 3) were also presented and often made fun of well-known and of the day.

4 Obj. 7.7: Describe everyday life in Athens. 1) What activities took place in the agoras of ancient Greece? 2) Describe what a typical home in Athens looked like. 3) Describe the home life of ancient Greeks. 4) How did the rights and responsibilities of men differ from those of women? Obj. 7.8: Describe the practice of slavery and its effects in ancient Greece. 1) Why were many slaves in Greece foreigners? 2) Describe the various roles and jobs of slaves in ancient Greece. Obj. 7.9: Compare and contrast life in ancient Sparta to Athens. Sparta Main way of life Athens Role of citizens Role of women Attitude towards art and learns

5 Obj. 7.10: Describe the events of the Persian and Peloponnesian Wars. 1) posed a new threat to Greece in the 400s B.C. In 490 B.C., thousands of Persians landed in Greece itself at, about miles north of Athens. There were as many Persians as Athenians. After a few days, the Athenians rushed the Persians with no warning, them. One account says that the Athenians killed about Persians. They lost only soldiers themselves. 2) More battles followed. The Greeks for a short time to drive off the Persians. After the Persians were beaten, the power of spread through much of eastern. Athens became partners with other city-states. 3) In time, Athens began to treat the other city-states. These citystates paid Athens to protect them. Athens used the money for new. Some of these city-states began to look to to protect them. 4) In 431 B.C., fighting began between allies of and. The war went on for years. It was called the, named for Peloponnesus, the southern Greek peninsula where was located. Early in the war, Athens was struck by a. It killed about of the people, including. In 405 B.C., the Spartans set up a of Athens, so they could not get. The Athenians gave up in B.C. The Athenians never again controlled the ancient Greek world. Obj. 7.11: Describe how Alexander the Great built his empire. 1) What were the achievements of Alexander s father, King Philip? 2) How did Alexander the Great build his empire? 3) Who was Alexander s tutor when he was young? 4) How did Alexander s upbringing affect his attitudes about Greek culture?

6 Obj. 7.12: Identify the impact of the Hellenistic Age. 1) Alexander the Great wanted the cultures of the cities that he conquered to survive and mix with Greek culture. What happened instead? 2) What city was the greatest of all Hellenistic cities? Why? 3) Why did many scholars go to Alexandria? 4) Describe the importance of scientific contributions made by Euclid, Archimedes, Eratosthenes, and Aristarchus?