SHAREMONI (complicated were added during Baroque period) 3. CRAMTONI (period of highly emotional music) _ DELI(art son9)- _ 12

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1 MUSIC OF EUROPE The music of Europe, also called Western music, goes back many centuries. Because it goes back so for, Western music is divided into time periods. The major divisions are the Renaissance, the Baroque, the Classical, the Romantic, and the Modern periods. In the Renaissance, 1450 to 1600, most music was religious. A new type of religious song, the chorale, was invented, and many hymns were written. A nonreligious musical invention was the madrigal, a song sung in parts usually without accompaniment. In the Baroque period, , composers 'began adding complicated harmonies. Major musical inventions included the opera, oratorio, sonata, concerto, and fugue. Two major Baroque composers were George Frideric Handel and Johann Sebastian Bach. The Classical period, , saw the development of rnony musical forms, the most important being the symphony. Music of the Classical period emphasized orderliness and dignity. This was the period of some of the greatest composers, including Franz Joseph Haydn, Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart, and Ludwig van Beethoven. Beethoven's music, with its highly emotional approach, led to the Romantic period ( ). The art song, or Lied, was an invention of this period. Major Romantic composers included Franz Schubert, Johannes Brahms, and Peter liyich Tchaikovsky. In the Modern period, the years since 1900, composers have been experimenting with many different styles. Composers of the Modern period include Bela Bartok, Igor Stravinsky, Dmitri Shostakovich, and Benjamin Britten. Directions: Unscramble the words below. A clue is given to help you figure out each scrambled word. Then place the numbered letters on the blanks at the bottom. Be sure to place every numbered letter on the blank with the matching number. 1. IGLUESORI(main type of music in Renaissance)_ SHAREMONI (complicated were added during Baroque period) CRAMTONI (period of highly emotional music) _ DELI(art son9)- _ QUABORE (period in which Hondel.ond Bach composed) _ Western Music Time Periods : _ : : : Since 1900: NO. MOOR COPYRIGHT HAYES SCHOOL PUBLISHING CO., INC., WILKINSBURG, PA.

2 MUSIC OF THE UNITED STATES 15 American music is a combination of the music from many lands, especially the countries of Europe and Africa. Back in the 1600s and 1700s, people from England, Scotland, Ireland, France, and Germany brought their folk songs and dances to America. Over time, these songs and dances changed to become more American than European pieces of music. One of the first important composers in the United States was Stephen Foster who wrote "Ohl Susannah," "Cornptown Races," DMy Old Kentucky Horne," and "Old Black Joe." Yet the first truly American music was developed by black musicians in the South. They blended elements of African music with elements from the European songs and dances. The result of this blending became known as "blues,".l1ragtime," and later njazz." The first major American composer to make use of this Afro-American music was George Gershwin. Gershwin's Rhapsody in Blue and his opera Porgy and Bess showed how popular this music had become. Gershwin was also a pioneer in an American theatrical invention: the musical. Other major Americans who wrote musicals include Jerome Kern, Cole Porter, Irving Berlin, Richard Rodgers, Oscar Hammerstein, Leonard Bernstein, and Stephen Sondheim. Since the 1950s, the best-known form of American music has been rock. It began as a blend of black rhythm and blues with white country and western styles. It has developed many different forms over the years. Directions: Fill in the missing word to complete each sentence below. Then complete the sentence in bold by placing each numbered letter on the blank with the same number. 1. People from Europe brought their songs and dances to America Stephen Foster was one of the first important in the United 345 States. 3. The first truly American music was developed by black In 6 7 the South. 4. Gershwin wrote in Blue. American music combines elements of music from and NO. M8aR COPYRIGHT HAYES SCHOOl PUBLISHING CO., INC., WILKINSBURG, PA.

3 MUSIC OF LATIN AMERICA 14 Music played an important role in the lives of Central and South American natives long before Columbus arrived. These peoples had no stringed instruments, but they did have flutes and other wind instruments as well as drums. Songswere used to passtales of great deeds and events from one generation to another. After the Spanish and Portuguese conquered latin America, music there became much more European. Natives were trained to master the guitar and other European instruments and to play Spanish and Portuguese music. The first true latin American music was folk' music. Folk singers and instrumentalists combined European music with the native styles. In areas where blacks had been brought in as slaves, African rhythms and melodies were blended in a~ well. In the 1800s, latin Americans created new dances by combining European styles (like the waltz and the polka) with native dances. Two examples of these new dances were the tango and the habanera. In the 1900s, classical composers such as Brazil's Hector Villa-lobos used Latin American dance styles in their work. Danceshave been important in popular music, too. Therumba comes from Cuba, and the samba comes from Brazil. Both show the impact of African music on latin American dances. Reggae and calypso, from the Caribbean islands, show the same influence in vocal music. Directions: Use facts about Latin American music to fill in.the crossword puzzle below. Across Down 1. Before Columbus there were no 2. The was a European instrument instruments in Latin America. mastered by natives in Latin America. 3. rhythms and melodies came to 4. Brazilian dance latin America with the slaves. 6. Dancethat blended Europeanand native 5. Popular Cuban dance dances 7. Country of Hector Villa-lobos 8. Type of vocal music in Caribbean 2 NO. MaaR COPYRIGHT HAYES SCHOOL PUBLISHING CO., INC., WILKINSBURG, PA.

4 MUSIC AROUND THE WORLD SUPER PUZZLE 16 Directions: Find the words listed below in the word search puzzle. Words may be spelled left to right, right to left, top to bottom, bottom to top, and slanted in all directions. RENAISSANCE BAROQUE CLASSICAL ROMANTIC MODERN WESTERN CHINA JAPAN AFRICA INDIA RELIGION RAGA ISLAM TATA CHRISTIANITY SUSIRA JUDAISM SITAR IMPROVISATIONLUTE RHYTHM OBOE PERCUSSION DRUMS ZITHER GONGS KOTO PUPPET DANCING THEATERS HARMONY MADRIGAL BLUES RAGTIME JAZZ ROCK MUSICAL PORGY BESS LULLABIES SONGS SPIRITS RATTLES GOURDS FOLK TANGO RUMBA SAMBA REGGAE CALYPSO R E N A I S SAN C E J S G N 0 G PAR Q B S V C B M K 0 T 0 U L Y L E R C E S A A C A A H H E E N I K Z G E A A L A R N G F A" C R M HIS E E N R A A LAS U era R L S ROB M N S EO G R A S Toe UE L I Y R T 0 Q A K A P G N C S G A N ISO G C PEAFCUE LEAl IOYLGTSOPA S T N 10K E R L S C E A B N S N I M 0 N o A G T I L E R U A K N A K 0 Y A 0 N A T Y E 0 A T N K M L M ABC Z L E M N 0 B 0 L H RAT T L ESP M N Z U Q TO E I A A o T G 0 U R 0 S A U Y A T R R E R J G T N RAG TIM E J R N J E A S E U L B I A C o RUM S E Y TIN A ITS I R H C L T I IMP R 0 V I SAT ION S T E R SEA N R S P I R ITS L S E I B ALL U L RIG W EST ERN N MAD RIG A L REI 0 E F R H Y T H M H A V 0 Y NOM R A H P N L I S LAM Q PUP PET K R E H T I Z I L R S U SIR A E SIT A ROM S I A 0 U J NO. MaaR COPYRIGHT HAYESSCHOOLPUBLISHINGCO., INC., WILKINSBURG,PA.

5 American Popular Music Ragtime: It's a Cakewalk Ragtime: It's a Cakewalk One of the forms of music that was well-received in the pre-civil War South was the cakewalk. It was a dance with a strutting step usually performed to syncopated music. The name comes from dance contests held by southern blacks in which the prizes were cakes. The popularity of the cakewalk continued until the end of the nineteenth century, by which time this dance music had found its way to the stages of the minstrel shows. It also became a favorite dance of the general public, with the music for these types of dances becoming well-liked. The type of music generally used for accompanying the cakewalk was known "Jelly Roll" Morton as ragtime. The word ragtime may have been derived from several sources. One probable early use came from a type of shuffling clog dance known as "ragging" that was performed by black men. Another early source claims that ragtime music got its name from the fact that it was written down. The paper that the music was written down on was referred to as a "rag." The purpose of the music was to provide "time" or certain rhythms for the dance steps to be accomplished. When you combined the two, you had ragtime music. Regardless of the origin, the name stuck and became very popular. The fact that this style of music was actually notated (written down) helped it to gain a higher level of popularity. The style of music that was used for the cakewalk was transposed from the group of instruments used in the minstrel shows to a single instrument: the piano. With his left hand, the pianist played a "boom-chuck" rhythm that attempted to simulate the foot-stomping and handclapping that would occur during the cakewalk, while with his right hand he played ragged or syncopated melodies that had been originally written for banjos. The manner in which the notes were put together came from the European style of composition, or traditional harmony, and so ragtime is a unique blend of European and African styles joined together in one form. There were two main cities where ragtime first gained popularity. One was New Orleans, Louisiana; the other was St. Louis, Missouri. The best-known composer and performer of St. Louis ragtime was Scott Joplin ( ). He was the son of a former slave and was born in Texas in When he was seventeen, he moved to St. Louis where he was first "discovered" and made his name as a first-rate ragtime player and composer. Other important composers and performers of ragtime music were James Scott and "Jelly Roll" Morton. Ragtime had an important influence on the Dixieland style of piano playing. Many of the same elements that are found in ragtime were carried over and implemented in the piano accompaniment style of the New Orleans Dixieland music. CD Mark Twain Media, Inc., Publishers 5

6 American Name: Popular Music _ Date: Ragtime _ Questions for Consideration 1. What was a well-received form of music in the pre-civil War South? 2. Where did the name of this dance originate? 3. What type of music generally accompanied this type of dance? 4. From where did the term ragtime come? 5. Why was it possible for anyone with a piano to play this music? 6. Ragtime is a blend of what two musical styles? 7. Which hand of the pianist would play the syncopated melodies originally written for banjos? 8. The cakewalk was popular in what type of shows by the end of the nineteenth century? 9. Who was the best known composer and performer of St. Louis ragtime? 10. Ragtime had an important influence on what later style of piano playing? CD Mark Twain Media, Inc., Publishers 7

7 1- Write an essay in which you compare and contrast the music of Europe and music of the Unite Stated 2-Describe the music of Latin America (paragraph form)

8 3-Choose 6 terms from "Music Around the world supper puzzle" Use each term in a sentence related to the information gathered in music of Europe, Music of Latin America and Music of the United States For Example: Renaissance Music of Europe The music of the Renaissance period was mainly religious.