Annual World Biofuels Conference 25th to 29th April 2011 Dalian, China

Transcription

1 Annual World Biofuels Conference 25th to 29th April 2011 Dalian, China Understanding the cooking and lighting habits to design socially acceptable SCORE stove Survey in Nepal and Uganda Dr. Teodoro Sanchez Energy Technology and Policy Advisor Member of the SCORE stove team

2 Survey in Nepal and Uganda Main Purpose of the Survey: To Understand the cooking and lighting habits to design a socially and technically acceptable SCORE Stove What is the SCORE Stove? It is a thermoacustic engine which can produce heat for cooking, electricity and refrigeration. It is an on-going research project developed by a research partnership that brings together four UK universities, Nottingham, City University London, Manchester, Queen Mary University of London and an international charitable organisation (Practical Action).

3 Nepal and Uganda same similarities Both are: are land locked among the lowest in GDP have very low HDI

4 Survey sample Nepal sample 360 interviews Mountains Hill Terai Uganda sample 471 interviews South Central North West East

5 Information gathered Household demographics, education, housing and living conditions, asset ownership. Access to water and sanitation Agricultural production Income and expenditures Sources of energy for cooking and lighting, hours of use, cost, etc. type of biomass using as a source of energy, type of stoves used,

6 Survey results

7 Average number of family Members in Nepal and Uganda Nepal Uganda

8 Result on housing Nepal Number of rooms per family (1-9), 72% had 2 or 3 rooms In the mountains, families had smaller houses and fewer rooms; 27 % had a single room and 39 % had two rooms. In the other two regions 5% had single room. Uganda Number of rooms per family varies from to 2 to 7 The west region had the larger number of rooms (average 4.8), the central region the lower average of 2.8

9 Energy sources for lighting within the surveyed groups Source of energy Nepal Uganda Electricity 62.8 % of the interviewed 8% of the interviewed Kerosene 30% 2 out of 3 users of kerosene consume from 0.25 to 0.5 litre/week 58% Most se a lantern, reporting a consumption of 3 litres/week Other (candles, batteries, etc.) 7.2% 12% Most families also an average of 6.8 candles/week paying US$1.80 Non response 0 22% (It is assumed that these households use their fire for lighting.) Hours of lighting 2 to 3 per day Average 2.75 per day

10 HOW ELECTRICITY IS USED IN HAUSES WITH ACCESS TO ELECTRICITY? Access to electricity Nepal Uganda Main use of electricity Percentage of households Hours use per day Percentage of households `Hours use per day Cassette players and other devices Lighting 100 per cent per cent N/A Radio 71 per cent per cent 4-6 TV 62 per cent per cent per cent per cent 2-4 Note: The national electricity coefficient in Nepal is 48.5% and rural electrification coefficient is40% (National Enlectrcity Authority, 2001); In Uganda the national electrification coefficient is 12% and the rural electricity coefficient is 6% (UN-HABITAT). The surveyed group had a different coverage in Nepal 62% of the interviewed had electricity and in Uganda 8%

11 Cooking fuels Nepal Type of fuels 47% of respondents use wood for all their cooking needs 25% use wood for 2/3 of their cooking needs 28% use a combination of agricultural residues, leaves, twigs, etc. Quantity 15 kg per person/week Number of meals 3 or 4 Time spent on collection of wood About 10.5 hours per week Uganda Type of fuels 68% of the respondents use firewood 19% use charcoal 8% use a combination use twigs 5% use one or more sources including agricultural residues, saw dust, and dung Quantity 8.1 kg per person per week Number of meals a day 2 or 3 Time spent on collection of wood About 10 hours

12 Number of pots used for cooking Nepal Uganda 80% Number of pots used for different meals, Nepal 50% 50% 18% 2% 0 1 pot 2 pots 3 pots 1pot 2 pots 3 pots Breakfast Lunch and dinner

13 Fules size Nepal 58% reported using 3-6cm thick firewood about 31% used wood larger than 6 cm thick. 10% did not know Uganda 24% reported using less than 3cm thick firewood 29% used 3 to 6 cm thick firewood 35% used thicker than 6cm 12% did not know

14 Type of pots Nepal 65% use non-cylindrical pots And 35% use cylindrical shape pots Uganda 97% use cylindrical shape pots 3% use non-cylindrical shape pots Typical pot used in Nepal

15 Opinion of the interviewees on priority characteristics of good stove Features of stove Priority in Nepal Priority in Uganda Saves fuel 1 3 Cooks quickly 3 1 Smokeless 2 4 Many pots N/A 2 Low cost 5 5 Warms house 4 8 Portable N/A 6 Small N/A 7

16 Conclusion on the characteristics of the SCORE stove cooking component Attribute Efficiency Smoke reduction Number of pots Size of wood Cooking position Cost Size of the stove Electricity generation Provision of hot water Provision of space heating Simplicity and safety Design Spare parts Information Requirements High efficiency Use of chimney Three To accommodate a range wood sizes, up to 10cm thick Preferably seated Not determined As small as possible Minimum 30W Convenient in some case but not very important important for cold places (Nepali Mountains) but not for warm places Simple to use and repair, and safety of accidents Robust and stable (NB the systems may need to be anchored on cement platform) Availability of spare parts and ease of maintenance Operating instructions available in local languages

17 Thank you for your attention The Score stove. Practical Action.