Kathmandu Valley Er Surya Raj Kadel (Project Implementation Directorate PID) Anamnagar, Kathmandu, Nepal
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1 Waster and wastewater management of Kathmandu Valley Er Surya Raj Kadel (Project Implementation Directorate PID) Anamnagar, Kathmandu, Nepal 1
2 Presentation Outline Present Status of Demand and Supply Development Scenario Wastewater Management Present and Future Development Challenges 2
3 3
4 Kathmandu Valley 4
5 Present Issues of Wastewater Management in Kathmandu Valley Population Growth regarding Kathmandu Valley
6 Water Supply Situation Total Population of Kathmandu Valley- 25 million With temporary residents- 40 million Water Demand 360 MLD: Production: 95 MLD (min): 154 MLD (Max) Water Losses (NRW): 48% Actual Availability to consumer : 15% of demand Non uniformity / inequality in Supply Untreated Water: Unsafe for drinking Tanker Supply by Public/Private vendor Maximum exploitation of Ground Water by people 6
7 Present Status For Core areas 35 Surface Sources 78 Tube Wells (Only 59 in operation) 20 Treatment plants (117 MLD) 39 Pumping Stations Reservoir m km of Pipe lines Other several small systems 7
8 Organization Involved Kathmandu Upatyaka Khanepani Limited (Operator) Department of Water supply and Sewerage (GoN) Municipalities/Village Development Committees District Development Committees INGos, NGOs, Bilateral Organisations, Embassys 8
9 Water Supply Demand and Supply Demand : 529 MLD By M L D Avg Demand Avg Supply / / / / /09 Fiscal Year 9
10 C o n n e c t i o n s Nos of connections / / / / /13 Fiscal Year 10
11 Melamchi Water Supply Project Tunnel : 26 Km I st Phase: 170 MLD 2 nd Phase: 170 MLD 3 rd Phase: 170 MLD WTP : 1 st Phase 85 MLD : 2 nd Phase 85 MLD 11
12 Location of Project Area, Bulk Distribution System and Service Reservoir BDS -2 (Gaushal to Tinkune) Project Area 10 Zones = 46 Sub-Zones 11 DNIs = 14 Sub-Zones 1 Pilot = 1 Sub-Zone 1 Demo = 1 Sub-Zone 30 Remaining Sub-Zones Katunje Reservoir ( Bhaktapur) 12
13 Summary of Bulk Distribution and Service Reservoir Packages Bulk Distribution System : 57 km ( mm Dia DI Pipe) 4 Packages (Running) 6 service Reservoir (65000 cum Capacity) 2 Reservoir already constructed (5800 m3) 2 Under Tendering (9000 m3) Existing m3; Under construction m3 To be Constructed m3 Distribution Network: 502 km (HDPE, DI Pipes) 3 Packages (Running) 502 Km
14 Basic Characteristics Distribution network design is based on (47 DMA District Metering Units) basis. 2. DI pipes are of diameter 150mm and above upto 1000mm. 3. PE100- PN 6 pipes of diameter 75mm, 90mm and 110mm. 4. Reticulation pipe where DI pipe is in the design. 5. Both side pipe if the road width more than 7m. 6. No HH connection from DI pipes. 7. All HDPE pipes are connected with electro fusion joints. 8. Household connections from electro fusion saddle joint, brass ferrule, compression joint with HDPE pipe and small pieces of GI pipe and fittings above ground. Above ground there will be corporation stops before and after water meter. 9. Performance assessment NRW within 15% in each DMA, which is tied up with payment. 10. SCADA Friendly. 135 LPCD for permanent and 40 LPCD for temporary Residents 14
15 History of Wastewater Management in Kathmandu Valley 1800 AD Malla Period: For surface drainage and kitchen sullage Between 1898 and 1950 Rana dynasty: Further development of combined sewer, brick sewers typically 600 mm circular sections or 1050 x 1050 mm oval sections, these were constructed with a flushing system using gates to allow sudden release of flows.
16 History of Wastewater Management in Kathmandu Valley World Bank / IDA projects were under taken in three phases First ( ), Second ( ), Third ( ) phase, Two wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) were constructed Treatment System: Stabilisation Pond Kodku ( 1982 ) Capacity: 1.1 MLD Dhobighat (1982 ) Capacity: 15.4 MLD Various interceptors were also constructed GTZ Projects: Hanumanghat WWTP (1975) : Sallaghari WWTP (1983) Capacity: 0.5 MLD 2 MLD
17 Present Status of Wastewater Infrastructure in Kathmandu Valley Sewer Lines: Aproximately 1350 kms Interceptors (Excluding interceptors constructed recently by HPDBIC) Approximately 35 Kms Functionional WWTP No. - 1 Name - Guheswori WWTP Capacity MLD Status - Not fully fuctional due to load sheddeing Dedicated Electricity Supply Line - Process undergoing for installation of dedicated line
18 Details Slide 42
19 Technology choice 1. Sewerage Network System System Options Separate System Combined System Wherever possible Separate System Wherever not possible Combined system ooverflow structure are proposed to flow storm water to river. INTERCEPTOR PLAN 19
20 Project Components Wastewater Treatment Plants Package 1 Guheshwori WWTP Package 2 Gokarna WWTP Dhobighat WWTP Kodku WWTP Sallaghari WWTP Interceptor Sewers 2 Packages along tributary of Bagamati River Sewer Network 2 Packages covering Kathmandu, Lalitpur, Bhaktapur and Kritipur
21 Kathmandu Valley Existing Sewerage Network and Major WWTP Guheshwori Dhobighat Kodku Sallaghari
22 Selection of Appropriate Technology Factors Capital costs, Operation and maintenance costs Land requirement Sustainability Location (Urban, Semi urban, Rural) Social acceptability 22
23 Footprint: Abandon previously utilized systems like aerated lagoons and stabilization ponds which require large footprint Deodorization: Consider technologies which causes less nuisance regarding odour escaping to surrounding area: Covered Stringent Quality Effluent : Use of the tertiary treatment for polishing water from biological treatment in holy areas such as Gokarna and Guheswori Modern Technology: Consider technologies which require less footprint so that larger capacity WWTPs can be constructed in available land/space - ASP Sludge Digestion: Consideration of modern technology like centrifuge/ filter press in place of sludge drying beds for sludge dewatering
24 Incremental Investment : Phase wise implementation of treatment plant construction and Sewerage Network improvement is mainly focused. Augmentation of River System (Presentation Slide for River Flow augumenation.pptx) Design Build and Operate Contract procedure Opportunities /Risk and Uncerta Reuse of Effluent water and sludge cake. Septage Management
25 Generate Electricity by Methane Gas from Anaerobic Digester treatment of Dhobighat, Kodku and Sallaghari WWTP Sludge Anaerobic Digester Gas Storage 10
26 Be Harmony with Surrounding Area :Good Neighbour Provide Recreational area and public park for population on reserved area in WWTP or water front WWTPs not only treat wastewater but also provide site for relaxation and recreation 8
27 Gauging Stations Proposed WWTP Locations Base Flow m3/s Effluent Discharge of WWTP (Phase Bagmati I/Phase River II) 0.32m3/s Dhobighat 0.43/1.27m3/s 0.32m3/s 0.22m3/s 0.38/0.50m3/s Guheshwori 0.12m3/s Gaurigha t Kodku 0.10m3/s 0.20/0.41m3/s 0/0.07m3/s Gokarna 0.16m3/s 0.16m3/s Sundarijal 0.16m3/s Sallaghari 0.03m3/s 0.32m3/s Khokana 3.41m3/s WWTP Capacity Phase I Phase II Future Total Guhweshori Sallaghari Kodku Dobighat Sub Total Khokana Total
28 Flow Augmentation Scenario after WWTP and Nagmati Dam Gauging Stations Proposed WWTP Locations Base Flow m3/s Effluent Discharge of WWTP (Phase Bagmati I/Phase River II) 1.07/1.40 m3/s Dhobighat 0.43/1.27m3/s 1.50/2.80 m3/s 0.38/0.50m3/s Guheshwori 0.61/0.73m3/s Gaurigha t 1.07/1.40 m3/s Kodku 0.26m3/s 0.20/0.41m3/s 0/0.07m3/s Gokarna 0.23m3/s 0.16m3/s Sundarijal 0.16m3/s Sallaghari 0.19m3/s 4.91/7.21m3/s Khokana 3.41m3/s
29 Total Catchment Area A = km 2 29
30 Guheshwori 2.2 Guheshwori WWTP PLAN Layout Summary PLAN Capacity Site Area WWTP Area Summary 32.4 MLD 50,000 m2 28,583m2 (53.12%) Equalization tank PTF: 2 Tanks PST: 4 Tanks A/T: 2 Tanks SST: 2 Tanks Sludge Treatment (thickening-digestiondewatering process) Biogas & Power Generation (300KWH)
31 Grit Removal By-pass to river Grit Removal 2.2 Guheshwori WWTP PLAN Process Flow Diagram Influent Inlet Chamber PTF Screen Grit Chamber ET PST A/T SST DF Discharg e to River Primary Sludge Secondary Sludge LEGEND Wastewater Flow Sludge Flow By-Pass Flow GAS Line Return flow Septic sludge Flow Return flow Septic sludge Degritting & Decilting Facility Gravity Thickener Anaerobic Digester Mechanical Thickener Gas Holder Bio-Gas Generation NOTE PTF : Pre-Treatment Facility PST : Primary Sedimentation Tank A/T : Aeration Tank SST : Secondary Sedimentation Tank DF : Disinfection Facility Centrifuge Dewatering Lime Mixing Sludge Cake (Agricultural Use or Landfill)
32 Conceptual Design of Guheswori WWTP A A B C C G B F h E D A. Pre-Treatment Facilities B. Primary Sedimentation Tank C. Oxidation Ditch D. Tertiary Treatment E. Tunnel Discharge F. Deodorization G. Bio Gas GenerationA H. Photovoltaic (Future) 2
33 Kodku Ent. 12,600m2 Ent. Ent. Ent.
34 Dhobighat Ent. Ent. Ent. 64,500m2 Ent. Ent.
35 Proposed Works Under KVWWMP Wastewater Treatmant Plant 2 Packages Interceptors 2 Packages Sewer Network 2 Packages Package 1: Guheswori Package 2: Sallaghari,Kodku, Dhobighat Manohara and Hanumante Intercepters Package 1: KMC Package 2: All other Municipalities inside
36 Service Area & Design Criteria Service Area Coverage 5 Municipalities 17 VDCs Estimation Criteria for Discharge rate Service Area Total Area Parameter Unit Population connected to off-site system % Domestic sewage lpcd Nondomestic sewage % Infiltration rate % Peak factor of Domestic Sewage Coverage Area (ha) (ha) (%) Kathmandu M. 5, , Lalitpur Sub-M. 1, , Bhaktapur M Kirtipur M. 1, , Madhyapur Thimi M. 1, , VDCs in Kathma (previous) partly 10 VDCs in Lalitpur partly 7 VDCs in Bhaktapur Partly 14, , , , , Total 32, ,
37 WWPTs Expansion Plan Category Remarks Total Discharged Total Cap. Of WWTP Guheshwori WWTP Sallaghari WWTP Kodku WWTP Dhobighat WWTP Khokana WWTP Surplus Cap Discharged Bagmati Existing : 1 Capacity Surplus Cap Discharged Capacity Surplus Cap MLD 1 nt Ext. : 16.2MLD 2 nd Ext. : 16.2MLD Total Cap. : 48.6MLD Bhaktapur Discharged Kodku 1, Capacity Balkumari MLD 2 nd Surplus Cap Ext Discharged Bagmati 2(partially) Capacity Sundarighat Surplus Cap Kodku 2, 0.1 Manohara Discharged Bagmati 2(partially) Capacity Tuckcha, Dhobi khola Surplus Cap Bishnumati, Nakhu, Bhalku Rate(ML D) WWTP Extension Plan Khokana : Gheshwori : ext 16.2 Total 48.6 Total Discharged Sallaghari : 14.2 Kodku : 17.5 Dhobighat : 37 Guheshwori : ext Total year
38
39 Present Issues of Wastewater Management in Kathmandu Valley Development of Wastewater Infrastructure without Masterplan Involvement of various organisations Aged system for sewer conveyance Inadequate capacity of Sewers Cross connections between domestic sewer and stormwater sewer Non- Priority area of Development
40 WWM : Issues and Challenges Septage Management for gnerated from households Contract Bidding Procedure (DBO manageable or not) Phasewise Construction: Challenge for fund generation Institutional Capacity Not Sufficient Electric Power Problem for 24 hours operation Conducive Environment for large Project?? Opportunities Need of Valley River Restoration Environmental Sanitation improvement Wastewater Generation increased 40
41 41
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