Let s start with an activity

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1 Pre Quiz What is the purpse/functin f cellular respiratin? What is the name f the rganelle where cellular respiratin ccurs? Plants and animals perfrm cellular respiratin. (true r false?) What is the energy mlecule prduced during cellular respiratin? Hetertrphs make their wn fd. (true r false?) What is missing frm this equatin? glucse+ = Energy (ATP) + water + Answers T make chemical energy that cells can use t pwer metablic reactins Mitchndria True ATP (adensine tri phsphate) False Glucse + Oxygen = Energy + water + carbn dixide Let s start with an activity There isn t any sund. Read the captins fllw the prcess and the cycle with phtsynthesis Let s create the equatin What ARE the inputs f Cellular Respiratin? Names and chemical frmulas (what is each atm?) What are the utputs? Names and chemical frmulas (what is each atm?) Glucse + Oxygen =Energy + Water + Carbn Dixide Balanced equatin C 6 H 12 O 6 + 6O 2 = Energy (ATP) + 6H 2 O + 6CO 2

2 Can yu track the rearrangement f the elements? C 6 H 12 O 6 + 6O 2 = Energy (ATP) + 6H 2 O + 6CO 2 Cellular Respiratin quick facts Occurs in the mitchndria Tw stages f Cellular Respiratin Glyclysis (n xygen) Kreb s cycle (xygen) Where we start Glyclysis: Takes place in the cytsl (cytplasm) Glucse (fd) is brken dwn int 2, three-carbn mlecules called pyruvic acid Oxygen is NOT needed (anaerbic) 2 mlecules f ATP are prduced and used in the next step, the Kreb s cycle After glyclysis When xygen is present: AEROBIC RESPIRATION Oxygen is needed (this is why we breathe) Prduces large amunts f ATP Many steps in the prcess Occurs in the mitchndria N xygen present: Anerabic Respiratin Fermentatin: Alchl r lactic acid Prcess requires n xygen Small amunts f ATP are prduced We take advantage f this with yeast (bread), and t make alchlic beverages Lactic acid fermentatin ccurs when muscle cells are lacking xygen. This cause muscle pain

3 Kreb s cycle The pyruvic acid frm glyclysis is brken dwn prducing CO 2 and a 2 carbn mlecule called CEnzyme-A. CEnzyme-A enters the mitchndrial matrix and the Krebs's cycle Thrugh many re-arrangements f carbn mlecules NAD + is cnverted t NADH and FAD 2+ is cnverted t FADH and shipped t the electrn transprt chain Electrn Transprt Chain This ccurs after the kreb s cycle. Fr the EOC yu d nt have t knw these details. Hwever, keep in mind this is the prcess that prduces the marity f the ATP. The Kreb s cycle prduces the reactants (ingredients) t pwer this step. Electrn transprt chain is als part f phtsynthesis. Glyclysis Reactants Prducts Kreb s Cycle Glucse ATP Glyclysis and Kreb s Cycle ATP NADH Pyruvic acid (glucse is brken dwn int this) Reactants Pyruvic Acid NADH OXYGEN WOW!! That was a lt What yu have t be sure t KNOW Glyclysis des nt use Oxygen, ccurs in the cytplasm and makes mlecules used in the secnd step: Kreb s Cycle Kreb s Cycle needs OXYGEN and further rearranges the glucse mlecule t prduce mre mlecules t be used in the mass prductin f ATP Carbn dixide and water are waste prducts frm this prcess.

4 The big picture questin WHY d we breathe??? Dn t yu dare tell me yu will die!! Phtsynthesis Reactants (what it needs) Energy (sun) Carbn dixide Water Prducts (what it makes) Glucse Oxygen Nw mre big picture stuff Phtsynthesis and respiratin Respiratin Reactants (what it needs) Oxygen Glucse Prducts (what it makes) Energy (ATP) Carbn Dixide Water They are OPPOSITES!! remember: Fd chain begins with the sun Auttrphs (prducers) make glucse Herbivres (cnsumers) eat the prducers Carnivres (cnsmers) eat herbivres

5 It all starts with the auttrphs!! Which means it all starts with what energy surce? Hmmm cellular respiratin needs xygen. Where des the xygen cme frm? PHOTOSYNTHESIS! Phtsynthesis needs carbn dixide where des THAT cme frm?? Cellular Respiratin!! It s a CYCLE Prkarytes Bacteria Eukarytes Plants Animals fungi Wh/what can d cellular respiratin Respiratin vs. fermentatin Fermentatin: Prcess that prvides energy fr cells withut using xygen This is fr rganisms r places that d nt need r have xygen Unicellular, live at bttm f cean/mud Prduces much less energy than respiratin Tw types f fermentatin Alchlic Fermentatin Lactic Acid Fermentatin Alchl Fermentatin Where: in yeast and ther unicellular rganisms, t make xygen Prducts: alchl, little energy, and carbn dixide Used by us fr: making bread, beer, wine Lactic Acid Fermentatin Where: in animal muscles Prducts: lactic acid and energy Cause: lack f xygen such as when yu wrk ut Effect: lactic acid causes pain

6 Try the quiz again What is the purpse/functin f cellular respiratin? What is the name f the rganelle where cellular respiratin ccurs? Plants and animals perfrm cellular respiratin. (true r false?) What is the energy mlecule prduced during cellular respiratin? Hetertrphs make their wn fd. (true r false?) What is missing frm this equatin? glucse+ = Energy (ATP) + water + Answers: Did yu d better? T make chemical energy that cells can use t pwer metablic reactins Mitchndria True ATP (adensine tri phsphate) False Glucse + Oxygen = Energy + water + carbn dixide What yu can d t study Interesting vide n capacity t use xygen: Glyclysis: Fcus n the prducts nt the mlecules invlved t get the prducts (pyruvic acid, NADH and ATP) Especially pay attentin t the end when he des the accunting Kreb s Cycle: Ntice where CO2 cmes frm Especially pay attentin t the end when he des the accunting Electrn Transprt Chain: Remember yu d nt need t knw the details abut this step but it may help yu pull it all tgether t see hw this wrks