Symbiotic Relationships Cards

Transcription

1 Predation Cards: Symbiotic Relationships Cards Biology Lion and Zebra The lion hunts and kills the zebra for its food. Wolf and Rabbit The wolf hunts and kills the rabbit for its food. Bear and Salmon The bear catches salmon in the river and eats it for food. Snake and Mouse The snake lies in wait and captures a mouse running by for its food. Frog and Insect The frog uses its long, sticky tongue to catch insects for food. Bear and Berries The bear forages through the forest and finds berries for food. Rabbit and Lettuce A rabbit happens upon a garden and eats the lettuce growing in it. Grasshopper and Leaf A grasshopper lands on a plant and eats its leaves for food. 2012, TESCCC 06/07/12 page 1 of 8

2 Polar Bear and Seal A polar bear hunts and captures the seal for its food. Hawk and Vole A hawk swoops down and catches a vole for its food. Lion and Water Buffalo The lion stalks the water buffalo, attacks, and eats it for food. Mantis and Bee The mantis captures a bee and eats it for nourishment. Alligator and Deer A lucky alligator spots a deer drinking water, attacks the deer, kills it and eats it for food. Goat and Grass A goat munches on the grass in a field for its food. Shark and Fish A shark captures fish for its food. Cougar and Deer The cougar hunts deer and kills it for its food. 2012, TESCCC 06/07/12 page 2 of 8

3 Wolf and Caribou The wolf hunts and kills the caribou for its food. Cow and Grass A cow munches on the grass in a field for its food. Lizard and Insect A lizard captures insects for its food. Whale and Plankton A whale uses its teeth to filter plankton from the water and eats the plankton for food. Parasitism Cards: Cuckoo and Warbler A cuckoo may lay its eggs in a warbler s nest. The cuckoo s young will displace the warbler s young, and the warbler will raise the cuckoo s young. Deer and Tick Ticks feed on deer blood, causing irritation to the deer and potentially giving it various diseases such as Lyme disease. Mistletoe and Oak Tree Mistletoe extracts water and nutrients from the oak tree, causing harm to the oak tree. Lice and Humans Lice attach to human hair and enjoy the warmth given off by the human. They eat tiny amounts of human blood, causing the human to have little red bumps that are quite itchy. They may also transmit disease to the human. 2012, TESCCC 06/07/12 page 3 of 8

4 Fleas and Cat Fleas live on the cat s body and eat its blood. They cause irritation to the cat and may transmit disease to the cat. Bird Mites and Humans Bird mites might happen upon a human when trying to find a new bird to feast on. Instead, it eats the blood of the human, causing the human to develop irritating, itchy bumps. Tapeworm and Dog The tapeworm enters the dog when the dog eats feces containing tapeworm larvae. The tapeworm attaches to the dog s stomach and feeds off of the dog s nutrients. This often causes harm to the dog. Bed Bugs and Human Bed bugs will bite and feed off a human up to 500 times in one night. This causes small red bumps and itchiness to the human. Black Wasp and Aphids Black wasps plant eggs in aphids. The larvae eat the aphids from the inside. Braconid Wasp and Tomato Hornworm Larva This wasp lays its eggs inside the hornworm. As they hatch, they eat their way out, killing the hornworm in the process. Downy Mildew on Vegetable Plants The downy mildew fungus invades a host plant and feeds off it. This often causes discoloration or stunted growth in the plant. Mosquitoes and Human Mosquitoes find a human and feast upon their blood. This causes a small reaction on the human s skin, resulting in a red, itchy bump. In addition, mosquitoes can pass along disease to their human host. 2012, TESCCC 06/07/12 page 4 of 8

5 Commensalism Cards: Biology Hermit Crabs and Snails Hermit crabs live in shells made and then abandoned by snails. Maribou Stork and Bees The stork uses its saw-like bill to cut up the dead animals it eats. As a result, the dead animal carcass is accessible to bees for food and egg-laying. Bison and Cowbird As bison walk through the grass, insects become active and are seen and eaten by the cowbird. Remora Fish and Shark Remoras attach themselves to a shark s body. They then travel with the shark and feed on the leftover food scraps from the shark s meals. Whales and Barnacles Barnacles create home sites by attaching themselves to whales. Human Gut Bacteria and Humans Certain bacteria live within the digestive system of humans and feed on various things within the human. This is not detrimental to the human. 2012, TESCCC 06/07/12 page 5 of 8

6 Clownfish and Sea Anemone The clownfish lives within the tentacles of the sea anemone. This provides protection to the clownfish and the clownfish also feeds on the food scraps of the sea anemone. Cattle Egret and Cattle or Horses The cattle egret follows cattle or horses and preys on the insects the animals stir up as they graze. Golden Jackals and Tigers If a golden jackal is expelled from its pack, it may attach itself to a particular tiger, trailing it at a safe distance and then feeding on the tiger s kills. Birds and Army Ants Some birds follow army ant raids on forest floors. When the army ant colony travels along the forest floor, it stirs up numerous flying insects. As the insects flee from the army ants, the birds following the ants catch the insects. Orchids and Trees Orchids grow on the trunks or branches of the trees. They receive light they need and nutrients that run down along the trees. The orchids do not affect the trees. Mosses and Trees Mosses can grow on the trunks or branches of trees. They get light they need as well as nutrients that run down along the trees. The mosses do not affect the trees. Goby Fish and Sea Urchins The goby fish live amongst the sea urchins and are provided protection from their predators. Man-of-War Fish and Portuguese Man of War Jellyfish The man-of-war fish lives amongst the Portuguese man-of-war jellyfish and are provided protection from their predators. 2012, TESCCC 06/07/12 page 6 of 8

7 Imperial Shrimp and Sea Cucumbers The shrimp hitch a ride on the sea cucumbers, which takes them through a large feeding area without expelling their own energy. Pearl Fish and Sea Cucumber The pearl fish spends its day in the intestines of the sea cucumber and emerges at night to feed on small crustaceans. This does not appear to harm the sea cucumber. Mutualism Cards Ostrich and Gazelle Ostriches and gazelles feed next to each other. They both watch for predators and alert each other to danger. Because the visual abilities of the two species are different, they each can identify threats that the other animal would not see as readily. Yucca Plant and Yucca Moth Yucca flowers are pollinated by yucca moths. The moths lay their eggs in the flowers where the larvae hatch and eat some of the developing seeds. Wrasse Fish and Black Sea Bass Wrasse fish feed on the parasites found on the black sea bass s body. Oxpecker and Rhinoceros Oxpeckers feed on the ticks found on a rhinoceros. In addition, if they sense danger, the oxpecker will fly up and scream out as a warning to the rhinoceros. Honey Guide Bird and Badger Honey guide birds alert and direct badgers to beehives. The badgers then expose the hives and feed on the honey first. Then, the honey guide birds eat. Boxer Crab and Anemone The boxer crab carries a pair of small anemones in its claws. When a predator approaches, it waves the anemones around which presents its stinging tentacles and deters the predator. The anemones get small particles of food from the crab when it eats. 2012, TESCCC 06/07/12 page 7 of 8

8 Alpheid Shrimp and Goby Fish The alpheid shrimp dig a deep burrow and keep safe underground. The alpheid shrimp has bad vision, so it is vulnerable to predators when above ground. The goby fish stands guard at the entrance of the burrow and will flick its tail to signal the shrimp that it is safe to come out. The goby fish gets a burrow to live in while the shrimp is warned of predators. Bees and Flowers Bees fly around to various flowers and gather nectar, which they use to make food. When a bee lands on a flower, it gets some pollen on its hairy body. Then, when the bee lands on the next flower, some of the pollen from the first flower rubs off, pollinating the plant. Mycorrhizal Fungi and Plants The mycorrhizal fungus invades the roots of some plants and gets nutrients from the plant. The fungus helps the plant absorb inorganic nitrogen and phosphorus from the soil. Some fungi also secrete antibiotics, which can help protect the plant from parasitic fungi and bacteria. Anemone Hermit Crab and Anemones Biology The crab attaches several anemones to its shell using them as camouflage and as a deterrent to potential predators. The anemones have a mobile home and get more exposure to food than if they remained stationary. Spider Crab and Algae Spider crabs live in shallow areas of the ocean floor. Greenishbrown algae lives on the crab s back, helping the crabs blend in with their environment, which makes them less noticeable to predators. The algae are provided with a good place to live while the crab receives camouflage. Honeypot Ants and Aphids The honeypot ants get food by stroking the aphid for their sweet honeydew secretions. The ants provide protection for the aphid by aggressively fighting off predators such as ladybugs. Algae and Fungi (Lichen) Algae and fungi can live together, forming lichen. The algae produce carbohydrates through photosynthesis, providing nutrients to both the algae and the fungi. The fungi provide moisture for the algae. Otters and Kelp Otters float and sleep on forests of kelp in the water. The kelp provides them a place to anchor in the moving water. The otters eat sea urchins, which normally feed on the kelp. 2012, TESCCC 06/07/12 page 8 of 8