Unit 28: Health, safety and security for airports and airlines

Transcription

1 Unit 28: Health, safety and security for airports and airlines Learning outcomes By completing this unit candidates will develop knowledge and understanding of the health, safety and security issues affecting the airport and airline industries. They will identify the main hazards in the terminal and airside areas, gain knowledge of the methods used to minimise the risks and be able to describe the relevant legislation. They will also investigate recently introduced health, safety and security systems and procedures in the airport and airline sector. Candidates will produce evidence to meet the unit assessment objectives in order to show that they understand: the health, safety and security hazards at an airport terminal and how they are minimised the potential risks to health, safety and security in an airside environment and how they are minimised the range of health, safety and security hazards in aircraft operation the health, safety and security procedures in the airport and airline sector the regulations and legislation that affect health, safety and security in the airport and airline industries. Assessment objectives 1 Identify the health, safety and security hazards at an airport terminal and describe how three are minimised 2 Identify the potential risks to health, safety and security in an airside environment and describe how three are minimised Knowledge, understanding and skills Health, safety and security hazards: terrorist attacks/hijackers protestors, eg anti-airport etc unattended luggage unruly or aggressive passengers fire (especially bin fires) manual handling (especially heavy bags) health epidemics eg foot and mouth crowds bomb threats warnings carriage of dangerous/prohibited items ID/passport fraud (false documentation) employees (if gained work with false information) importation of illegal food substances (spread of disease) smuggling (drugs, money, excise evasion) passenger anxiety (about flying); heart attacks, strokes, fainting Health, safety and security risks airside: noise jet blast/propeller wash ingestion reversing vehicles falls from height aircraft fire slips, trips and falls OCR Level 3 Nationals in Travel and Tourism 1

2 Assessment objectives 2 Cont. Identify the potential risks to health, safety and security in an airside environment and describe how three are minimised 3 Describe the range of health, safety and security hazards in aircraft operation Knowledge, understanding and skills foreign object debris manual handling handling hazardous substances dangerous animals night time operations (lower light levels) weather conditions emissions/air pollution hazardous spillages passengers on the apron Health hazards noise (prolonged exposure; hearing damage) deep vein thrombosis (DVT) air sickness re-cycled cabin air spreading of bacteria through air conditioning system panic/anxiety food poisoning cabin depressurisation jet lag Safety hazards: jet blast and ingestion birds and wildlife foreign object debris (FOD) falls from height falling luggage fire on board aircraft aircraft emergency emergency evacuation using slides aircraft depressurisation turbulence fuel problems re-fuelling with passengers on board weather technical failures pilot error Air Traffic Control (ATC) errors Security hazards: hijack terrorist attack dangerous goods/cargo air rage stowaways unaccompanied baggage/reconciliation of baggage with passengers on board bombs/bomb threats 2 OCR Level 3 Nationals in Travel and Tourism

3 Assessment objectives 4 Explain two recently introduced health, safety or security systems in the airport or airline sector 5 Describe the regulations and legislation that affect health, safety and security in the airport and airline industries Knowledge, understanding and skills Recently introduced systems and procedures: restriction of fluids taken on planes cabin baggage limitation 100% hold and cabin baggage screening searching of passenger shoes/footwear background checks for all airport employees preventative measures for DVT enhanced cockpit security check-in procedures enhanced airport security control of restricted/prohibited items tighter controls on visitors in airside areas greater policing and use of military use of air marshals tougher laws on air rage other newly introduced measures General regulations and legislation: Health and Safety at Work Act food hygiene regulations manual handling operations fire precautions (places of work) regulations workplace regulations Control of Substances Hazardous to Health (COSHH) noise at work regulations personal protective equipment at work regulations data protection act notification of accidents and dangerous occurrences regulations Aviation specific regulations and legislation: Air Navigation Order (CAP 393) Licensing of Aerodromes (CAP 168) Airside Safety Management (CAP 642) Aircraft Refuelling (CAP 74) Bird Hazard Control (CAP 680) Air Operators Certificates (CAP 360) Assessment This unit is centre assessed and externally moderated. In order to achieve this unit candidates must produce a portfolio of evidence showing that they have met all of the assessment objectives. Portfolios of work must be produced independently. They will need to be made available, together with witness statements and any other supporting documentation, to the OCR Visiting Moderator when required. Centres must confirm to OCR that the evidence produced by candidates is authentic. An OCR Centre Authentication Form is provided in the Centre Handbook and includes a declaration for assessors to sign. It is a requirement of the QCA Common Criteria for all Qualifications that proof of authentication is received. OCR Level 3 Nationals in Travel and Tourism 3

4 Guidance on assessment and evidence requirements The airport and airline industries have many different health, safety and security hazards and a sound understanding of these is essential for anyone working in travel and tourism. The aim of this unit is to develop candidates understanding of the health, safety and security hazards present in the airport and airline sector. The main health, safety and security hazards are considered in the context of an airport terminal, the airside areas of an airport and then finally in the operation of an aircraft. The unit gives the opportunity for candidates to investigate current airport/airline issues in health, safety and security and also considers the key general and industry specific legislation affecting the sector. This unit has links with Unit 5: Current issues in travel and tourism, Unit 24: Investigating the airline industry, and Unit 26: The UK airport sector. Assessment Objectives 1, 2 and 3 should focus upon identifying the key hazards to health safety and security and the corresponding measures in place to minimise such risks. The list of hazards is not exhaustive and candidates could identify additional hazards by investigating an airport close to their own location. Most airports and airlines have useful websites (see Resources section) that describe many of the security measures in place and give advice on health issues for passengers. In addition, the airport and airline industry, and its regulators, produce a lot of material on safety that could help with candidates research (see Resources section). Assessment Objective 2 focuses on risks to health, safety and security airside. Ideally an airport visit would include study of airside operations but many airports have stopped such visits for security reasons. This in itself gives rise to group discussion. Tutors could arrange for a speaker from an airport to visit the centre and cover this material. Customs and excise teams at airports often welcome group visits as part of their education programme and such a visit would be useful for this objective. Health, safety and security hazards in aircraft operation (Assessment Objective 3) are newsworthy and well documented in the press. Thus, research into press archives on the internet and use of case studies are useful approaches for this objective. Candidates should draw on their own experience of flying to illustrate health, safety and security measures. The emphasis for Assessment Objective 4 should be on current and relevant material. This is particularly important since the events of 11 September 2001 (9/11) and the security alerts in the summer of Both events impacted on the airport and airline industries significantly and led to the development and implementation of many new systems and procedures throughout the world. The issue of Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT) and air travel is constantly developing with more research, guidelines and legal cases; candidates should be able to access much information about the subject from a variety of sources (newspapers, magazines, television, internet). The use of texts on the airport and airline business and the use of website information, listed in the resources section, are highly recommended. Candidates should understand the general regulations and legislation that apply to any business, including the airport and airline industry, as well as the key industry specific legislation and regulation that apply (Assessment Objective 5). When dealing with either type of legislation or regulation, emphasis should be on the range, purpose and key points rather than detailed knowledge of particular documents. The use of industry links for this information, such as the websites and journals listed in the resources section, is strongly recommended, in particular the CAA, HSE and ICAO sites. Candidates may provide portfolio evidence for all of the assessment objectives in this unit using a range of presentation techniques. This may include assessor testimony/witness statements logbooks, diaries, the use of video, audio and presentation software, posters/charts, written work. Where video and/or audio evidence is provided this must be supported by assessor testimony/witness statements. Where candidates demonstrate competence, centres should record skills demonstrated on appropriate recording documentation. 4 OCR Level 3 Nationals in Travel and Tourism

5 Signposting to Key Skills The unit contains opportunities for developing the Key Skill, and possibly for generating portfolio evidence, if teaching and learning is focused on that aim. Key Skill Key Skill Key Skill reference reference reference C3.1 N3.1 ICT3.1 C3.2a N3.2a ICT3.2 C3.2b N3.2b ICT3.3 C3.3 N3.2c N3.2d N3.3 Mapping to National Occupational Standards Occupational Standards Travel Services (Leisure and Business Travel, Tour Operations Head Office Operations and Resort Operations, Commentaries and Interpretation) Unit number Title 3.28 Contribute to maintaining the quality, safety and security of services and operations Resources This section provides suggestions of suitable resources. The list is neither prescriptive nor exhaustive, and candidates should be encouraged to gather information from a variety of sources. Some suggested resources are intended for Tutor use. The resources in this section were current at the time of production. Books Dahlberg, A. (2001) Doganis, Rigas (2005) Shaw, S. (1999) Stewart, S. (2002) Wells, A. (2003) Air Rage Ashgate The Airline Business Routledge Transport Blackwell Emergency, Crisis on the Flight Deck Airlife Air Transportation Wadsworth CDRoms/DVDs/Television Programmes/Videos Television travel programmes/documentaries, eg Airport Journals/magazines/newspapers OCR Level 3 Nationals in Travel and Tourism 5

6 Airline Business Air Transport World Airports of the World Flight International Passenger Terminal World Websites Air Accident Investigation Branch (AAIB). URL: BAA. URL: Heathrow, Gatwick, Stansted, Southampton, Edinburgh, Glasgow, Aberdeen. BMI. URL: Britannia Airways. URL: British Airways. URL: Civil Aviation Authority (CAA). URL: Easyjet. URL: Health & Safety Executive. URL: International Civil Aviation Organisation (ICAO). URL: Manchester Airport Group (MAG). URL: Manchester, East Midlands, Bournemouth, Humberside. Monarch. URL: Ryanair. URL: TBI. URL: Luton, Belfast Intl, Cardiff. 6 OCR Level 3 Nationals in Travel and Tourism

7 Grading Assessment Objective AO1 Identify the health, safety and security hazards at an airport terminal and describe how three are minimised AO2 Identify the potential risks to health, safety and security in an airside environment and describe how three are minimised AO3 Describe the range of health, safety and security hazards in aircraft operation AO4 Explain two recently introduced health, safety or security systems in the airport or airline sector AO5 Describe the regulations and legislation that affect health, safety and security in the airport and airline industries Pass Merit Distinction Candidates identify some of the health, safety and security hazards at an airport terminal. They provide a brief description on how three are minimised. Candidates identify some of the potential risks to health, safety and security in an airside environment. They provide a brief description on how three are minimised. Candidates provide a brief description of a limited range of health, safety and security hazards in aircraft operation. Their description is supported with obvious examples. Candidates provide a simple explanation of two recently introduced health, safety or security systems in the airport or airline sector. Candidates provide a brief description of some of the regulations and legislation that affect health, safety and security in the airport and airline industries. Candidates identify many of the health, safety and security hazards at an airport terminal. They provide a well developed description on how three are minimised. Candidates identify many of the potential risks to health, safety and security in an airside environment. They provide a well developed description on how three are minimised. Candidates provide a well developed description of a range of health, safety and security hazards in aircraft operation. Their description is supported with a range of appropriate examples. Candidates provide a clear explanation of two recently introduced health, safety or security systems in the airport or airline sector. Candidates provide a well developed description of many of the relevant regulations and legislation that affect health, safety and security in the airport and airline industries. Their description includes information on general and aviation specific regulations and legislation. Candidates identify many/most of the health, safety and security hazards at an airport terminal. They provide a detailed description on how three are minimised. Candidates identify many/most of the potential risks to health, safety and security in an airside environment. They provide a detailed description on how three are minimised. Candidates provide a detailed description of a wide range of health, safety and security hazards in aircraft operation. Their description is supported with a variety of well chosen examples. Candidates provide a detailed explanation of two recently introduced health, safety or security systems in the airport or airline sector. Candidates provide a detailed description of many/most of the relevant regulations and legislation that affect health, safety and security in the airport and airline industries. Their description includes information on general and aviation specific regulations and legislation. OCR Level 3 Nationals in Travel and Tourism 7