Soil Testing 24 Compaction and CBR. Compaction Test 4.5 kg BS , , EN DD ENV

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1 24 Compaction and CBR Dry Density/Moisture Relationship BS/EN DD ENV Compaction Test 2.5 kg BS , , EN DD ENV This test method utilises a 2.5 kg hand compaction hammer and a one litre capacity compaction mould. Often referred to as the 'Proctor' test it is suitable for soils containing particles no larger than 20mm. The mould and hammer is manufactured from corrosion protected steel components to withstand the heavy usage involved in the test. Compaction Mould, BS Mould volume Construction 1 litre All steel, threaded studs with wing nuts, plated 5.5 kg EL Standard Compaction Mould BS Compaction Rammer, 2.5 kg BS Rammer Drop Guide sleeve Finish 50 mm dia, 2.5 kg 300 mm Machined steel tubing with air pressure release holes Corrosion resistant 4.2 kg EL Compaction Rammer 2.5 kg BS Compaction Test 4.5 kg BS , , EN DD ENV This test method utilises a 4.5 kg hand rammer resulting in a heavier compactive effort than the 2.5 kg test method. Compactive energy some 4.5 times greater is applied to the sample using the heavier rammer. The method is often specified where higher levels of compaction are necessary in a structure, e.g. an airfield subbase material. Manufactured from corrosion protected steel components the 4.5 kg rammer is designed to withstand heavy usage involved in the test method. Compaction Rammer, 4.5 kg BS Rammer Drop Guide sleeve Finish 50 mm dia, 4.5 kg 450 mm Machined steel tubing with air pressure release holes Corrosion resistant 7.5 kg EL Compaction Rammer 4.5 kg BS EL EL Straightedge, 300 mm 600 g Tamping Foot 146 mm dia and 300 mm long Shank Dry Density Moisture Content Relationship for Soils BS Compaction Mould and Rammers 22

2 Compaction and CBR 24 Dry Density/Moisture Relationship ASTM Proctor Compaction Mould ASTM D558, D559, D560, D698, D1557; AASHTO T99,T134,T135,T136,T180 Mould volume 1 /30 ft 3 Construction All steel, threaded studs with wing nuts, plated 5.4 kg EL Proctor Compaction Mould Proctor Compaction Rammer ASTM D558, D559, D560, D698; AASHTO T99, T134,T135,T136 Rammer Drop Guide sleeve Finish EL Proctor Compaction Rammer 2 in dia, 5.5 lb 12 in Machined steel tubing with air pressure release holes Corrosion resistant 4.1 kg ASTM Compaction Mould ASTM D698, D1557; AASHTO T99,T180 Mould volume 1 /13.33 ft 3 Construction All steel, threaded studs with wing nuts, plated 8.2 kg EL ASTM Compaction Mould ASTM Compaction Rammer ASTM D1557; AASHTO T180 Rammer Drop Guide sleeve Finish EL ASTM Compaction Rammer EL ASTM Compaction Mould 2 in diameter, 10 lb 18 in Machined steel tubing with air pressure release holes Corrosion resistant 6.3 kg Straightedge, 300 mm see EL EL Proctor Mould and EL Compaction Rammer 23

3 24 Compaction and CBR Automatic Compaction of Soils The time and effort required to prepare specimens for compaction studies and other test methods can often be costly and time-consuming.the use of an automatic, mechanical compactor will show considerable cost benefits over hand compaction methods.two models meeting the requirements of BS and ASTM are available. Automatic Compactor BS1377, EN DD ENV , 1924;ASTM D558, D560, D698, D1557; AASHTO T99,T134,T135,T136,T180 Pre-set blow pattern ensures even compaction Solid state controls for reliability and ease of maintenance Automatic re-setting of counter after completion of blow pattern These machines automatically compact specimens eliminating the laborious hand compaction method.the height and weight of the rammer is adjustable to suit test requirements. An automatic blow pattern ensures optimum compaction for each layer of soil.the rammer travels across the mould and the table rotates the mould in equal steps on a base that is extremely stable. The number of blows per layer can be set at the beginning of the test. Dimensions (l x w x h) 430 x 250 x 1400 mm Rammer BS/ENV Circular faced, 50 mm dia, adjustable to 2.5 kg or 4.5 kg weight ASTM Circular faced, 2 in (50.8 mm) dia, adjustable to 5.5 lb (2.5 kg) or 10 lb (4.5 kg) weight Drop BS/ENV Adjustable to 300 mm or 450 mm ASTM Adjustable to 12 in (305 mm) or 18 in (457 mm) 98 kg EL /01 Automatic Soil Compactor, BS/ENV For V AC, 50 Hz, 1ph EL series Automatic Soil Compactor with accessory Mould EL series Automatic Soil Compactor, ASTM EL /01 for V AC, 50 Hz, 1ph EL /02 for V AC, 60 Hz, 1ph Proctor Compaction Mould see EL ASTM Compaction Mould see EL Standard Compaction Mould see EL BS CBR Mould Body see EL BS CBR Extension Collar see EL BS CBR Solid Base see EL Rammer mechanism of Automatic Soil Compactor 24

4 Compaction and CBR 24 Moisture Condition Value (MCV) and Chalk Crushing Value (CCV) Both these tests incorporate a Moisture Condition Apparatus.The MCV is a measure of the minimum compactive effort required to produce near full compaction of a soil.the CCV measures the rate at which a sample of chalk lumps are crushed. Used with the saturated moisture content of chalk, CCV can be used to classify chalk as a fill material. Moisture Condition Apparatus BS 1377, EN TRL approved Improved design Simple portable apparatus Automatic blow count The original Moisture Condition Apparatus was developed by the Transport Research Laboratory, England. ELE has redesigned the equipment to give improvements in terms of strength and reliability, particularly under site conditions.the ELE model is TRL approved and is used in construction control to assess the suitability of earthwork material in relation to the specified upper limits of moisture content. In a second mode of operation, it determines a chalk crushing value for use in classification of chalk as a fill material. To assess the suitability of earthwork material a moisture condition value is determined. The test is based on the determination of the minimum number of blows of the rammer required to produce a state of full compaction in a sample of soil. After calibration over a range of moisture contents the suitability of earthwork material can be assessed without the measurement of the moisture content of the soil with its associated delays.the chalk crushing value is determined from the rate at which a sample of single-sized chalk lumps (passing 20 mm and retained on a 10 mm BS sieve) is crushed under the impact of the rammer.the chalk crushing value, taken together with the value of the saturation moisture content of lumps of the chalk, gives a classification in terms of the likely behaviour of the chalk during construction. Operation of the apparatus is extremely simple.the rammer is lifted, when it reaches the top of its travel, a striker attached to the cross member releases the automatic catch allowing the rammer to fall.the rammer has a scale for measurement of penetration into the mould. After each blow, the height of drop can be reset and checked by means of the vernier gauge supplied.to record the number of blows, a counter is fitted to the release mechanism. EL Moisture Condition Apparatus EL ELE-Moisture Condition Apparatus The apparatus is supplied complete with vernier caliper, mould, 6 fibre discs, operating instructions and standard forms for determining Moisture Condition Value and Chalk Crushing Value. Dimensions 300 x 630 x 950 mm (l x w x h). 60 kg 25

5 24 Compaction and CBR California Bearing Ratio The California Bearing Ratio test, or CBR test as it is usually termed, is an empirical test first developed in California, USA, for estimating the bearing value of highway sub-bases and subgrades.the test follows a standardised procedure and there is little difference between BS/EN and ASTM tests. However, there are numerous ways of preparing samples and in this respect American practice differs in detail from British practice. This test can be performed in the laboratory on prepared samples or in-situ on location. It is important to appreciate that this test, being of an empirical nature, is valid only for the application for which it was developed, i.e. the design of highway base thicknesses. Load and Penetration A number of options are available to to collect and analyse data with the ELE CBR-Test Mechanical, using standard Load Rings and Penetration Dial Gauges. 2 Electronic, Load Transducers and Displacement Transducers in conjunction with the ELE Electronic Control and Readout Unit supplied with download software. 3 Electronic, using Electronic measuring devices as above in conjunction with the ELE DataSystem that provides full analysis of CBR Test data. CBR-Test 50 Machine BS 1377, 1924; EN ; ASTM D1883; AASHTO T193 EL series CBR-Test 50 with Two speed machine (BS/EN and ASTM) Rapid platen adjustment Complete with stabilising bar Compact, bench-mounting design Options for mechanical or electronic measurement Designed for performing laboratory CBR tests to BS 1377 and ASTM D1883, this bench mounting machine comprises a twin column frame incorporating a motorised drive system.two speeds are provided, 1.0 mm/min for BS and 1.27 mm/min for ASTM tests. Rapid adjustment of the platen is provided which enables daylight to be taken up quickly and also close control of application of a seating load. Dimensions (l x w x h) Maximum vertical clearance Horizontal clearance Platen diameter Platen travel 550 x 400 x mm 800 mm 255 mm 133 mm 105 mm 80 kg EL series CBR-Test 50. A 50 kn Load frame complete with stabilising bar EL /01 for 220 V AC, 50 Hz, 1ph EL /02 for 110 V AC, 60 Hz, 1ph Electronic Control and Readout Unit see EL /09 Spare EL Stabilising Bar Mechanism of Failure 26

6 Compaction and CBR 24 MultiPlex 50 Machines BS598, 1377, 1924; EN , 24, ; ASTM D1883; AASHTO T193 A versatile 50 kn capacity machine for performing laboratory CBR, Marshall and Quick Undrained Triaxial tests. MultiPlex 50 Electronic Control and Readout Unit see EL see EL /09 EL series MultiPlex 50 with Penetration Piston and Dial Gauge Assembly Penetration and Measurement EL Penetration Piston with mm 2 (3 in 2 ) area foot of casehardened steel. Designed to fit all ELE load rings. 3.7 kg Force Measurement A range of load rings will be required depending upon the type of material being tested. Detailed below is a selected range of load rings which are suitable for differing values of CBR. Model no. Capacity Value of CBR EL kn Up to 8% EL kn 8% to 40% EL kn Average range of CBR EL kn Above 40% EL Penetration Piston as EL but with a coarse stem adjustment.this piston is particularly useful for in-situ testing. 4.0 kg EL Penetration/Swell Dial Gauge, ASTM 1 in travel x in divisions. Complete with rack extensions and chisel edge anvil. 220 g EL Penetration Dial Gauge BS 25 mm travel x 0.01 mm divisions. Complete with rack extensions and chisel edge anvil. 220 g EL Bracket and Adaptor dual purpose mounting bracket for CBR penetration dial gauges. Allows gauge to be fixed to penetration piston or load ring. 300 g Full details on the range of available load rings are in Section 78, Load Measurement. 27

7 24 Compaction and CBR CBR Moulds and A range of moulds and accessories specifically designed to meet the requirements of the relevant standards.the equipment is manufactured from high quality, long-lasting material and with regular maintenance will give years of satisfactory performance. CBR Mould BS 1377, 1924; EN , EN DD ENV Mould Collar Base plate Construction EL BS/EN CBR Mould Body EL BS/EN CBR Extension Collar EL BS/EN CBR Solid Base/Top Plate EL EL EL EL EL EL EL EL BS/EN Mould and 152 x 127 mm (inside diameter x height) 51 mm height, fits both ends of mould Solid, fits both ends of mould All steel, plated 7.3 kg BS/EN CBR Perforated Base Plate. To fit mould body. 1.8 kg CBR Cutting Collar to fit BS/EN mould body. 1.4 kg C-spanner to fit BS/EN CBR moulds and collars.two required. 1.7 kg each Base Plate Tool to fit into base plate to assist removal from mould body. 700 g Static Compaction Plug Steel, 150 mm dia x 51 mm thick. Complete with removable handle. 7.3 kg 2 kg Annular Surcharge, BS/EN 2 kg Split Surcharge, BS/EN Tamping Rod see EL Filter Papers, 150 mm diameter. Box of 100 CBR Mould ASTM D1883; AASHTO T193 Mould Collar Base plate Construction ASTM Mould and x mm (inside diameter x height) 50.8 mm height, fits both ends of mould Perforated All steel, plated 9 kg EL ASTM CBR Mould with collar and perforated baseplate EL ASTM CBR Cutting Collar to fit ASTM CBR mould body, manufactured with a cutting edge to enable undisturbed samples to be taken in the field. 1.5 kg EL ASTM CBR Spacing Disc mm diameter x 61.4 mm deep. 6.8 kg EL Filter Screen 150 mm dia, 150 µm mesh. For use with ASTM mould EL kg Annular Surcharge, ASTM EL lb Split Surcharge, ASTM EL lb Annular Surcharge,ASTM EL Filter Papers, 150 mm dia. Box of 100. Expansion (swell) Test Equipment EL Swell Plate. With adjustable stem. 540 g EL Swell Tripod for mounting Swell Dial Gauge in position on CBR mould collar. 700 g EL Soaking Tank galvanised steel, 610 x 610 x 380 mm deep. Complete with removable perforated tray and tank stand. 37 kg EL Swell Dial Gauge, BS/EN. 25 mm travel x 0.01 mm Swell Dial Gauge, ASTM see EL

8 Compaction and CBR 24 In-situ CBR The use of in-situ CBR apparatus on road construction contracts enables the bearing capacity of soils to be determined quickly and efficiently with minimum delay to contracting plant. BS 1377, BS 1924 and ASTM D4429 describe in-situ test procedures. In-situ CBR test in progress EL kn Capacity Mechanical Jack. The body is corrosion protected and houses an enclosed worm and wheel gear.the gear ratio has been carefully selected to provide a handwheel speed that can be comfortably maintained, particularly with soils of high CBR value. A quick-release device in the screwjack allows the plunger to be rapidly adjusted prior to the test. 8.2 kg Conversion of In-situ to Laboratory CBR The In-situ CBR jack assembly can be mounted in a simple conversion frame to measure CBR values in the laboratory.the frame is used with the jack, a suitable load ring, CBR mould and penetration piston. EL kn Conversion Frame to adapt the mechanical jack for laboratory CBR tests.the frame is of a two-column construction with an overhead beam to accept the mechanical jack EL and is supplied complete with stabilising bar. 53 kg EL EL Conversion Frame for Laboratory CBR Test, with 45 kn capacity Mechanical Jack 28 kn Load Ring see EL Penetration Piston see EL Bracket and Adaptor see EL Penetration Dial Gauge ASTM see EL Penetration Dial Gauge BS see EL EL kn Mechanical Jack EL Land Rover Bracket Fits all models in Land Rover series 90 and 110 EL Ball Seating Attachment for fitting between the mechanical jack and reaction point.the ball seating is used when testing over undulating ground to ensure that the jack, load measuring ring and penetration piston are truly vertical. Non-axial loading of the load ring will give false results and will eventually damage the ring itself. 1.8 kg EL Set of Extension Rods made from high-quality steel with largesection thread for quick assembly EL Datum Bar Assembly comprising 2 tripod stands and a datum bar. 5.7 kg EL kg Annular Surcharge EL kg Slotted Surcharge EL kg Slotted Surcharge Penetration Piston see EL Penetration Dial Gauge ASTM see EL Penetration Dial Gauge BS see EL Bracket and Adaptor see EL Load Rings see Section 78 29