UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MARA MOBILE NAVIGATION SYSTEM USING GPS SALMI BT ABD WAHAB

Transcription

1 UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MARA MOBILE NAVIGATION SYSTEM USING GPS SALMI BT ABD WAHAB BACHELOR OF SCIENCE (HONS) DATA COMMUNICATION AND NETWORKING FACULTY OF INFORMATIVE TECHNOLOGY AND QUANTITATIVE SCIENCE MAY 2006

2 CERTIFICATE OF ORIGINALITY This is to certify that I am responsible for the work submitted in this project that the original work is my own except as specified in the references and acknowledgement and that the original work contained herein have not been taken or done by unspecified sources of person (SALMI BT ABD WAHAB) ii

3 The project paper is submitted to the Faculty of Information Technology and Quantitative Science In partial fulfillment of the requirement for the BACHELOR OF SCIENCE (Hons) DATA COMMUNICATION AND NETWORKING Approved by the Examining Committee: Hj Mohamad Izani Bin Mohamed Rawi Project Supervisor En Shamsul Jamel b Elias Examiner MARA UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY SHAH ALAM, SELANGOR MAY 2006 iii

4 ACNOWLEDGEMENT All praises to Allah S.W.T for all the strength and bless as I am able and manage to complete the thesis project. I would like to take the opportunity here to express my deepest appreciation to the individuals who have been involved in helping me throughout the completing of the project. My deepest appreciation and thanks goes to my supervisor, Tn Hj Mohd Izani Mohamed Rawi for all the guidance, assistance and positive comments in completing the thesis project. I would also like to express my appreciation to the respondents who have voluntarily spent their time and energy. Without them, the project will not be a success. I should also not forget my beloved family for all the moral support, motivation, inspiration and encouragement they have been given all this while. Finally, my appreciation goes to all my friends and other individuals that were involved and contributed throughout competing of the project. iv

5 ABSTRACT This thesis is about Navigation System Using GPS in which to conduct comparative study on different GPS platforms on Windows Mobile 5 PDA, Palm OS PDA, notebook and GPS60CS and to evaluate user acceptance of replacing paper-based map with the digital map based on effectiveness, ease of use and efficiency. Traditionally, people use paper-based map as the only navigation tool despite the drawbacks such as people find it difficult to locate themselves in an unfamiliar area, map will not be updated frequently and they tend to getting lost while traveling. Therefore, the Navigation System Using GPS on four different platforms are presented as the solution to this problem. As for the methodology, several phases are involved such as data collection, planning, analysis, design, installation and configuration and finally testing. As for the testing, 20 respondents were involved in using the both paper-based map and digital map. For paper-based map use, only two of them managed to reach the destination. For digital map using GPS on the other hand, all respondents managed to reach the destination. From the questionnaire provided, it was found that all respondents prefer digital map to paper-based map and they stated that the digital; map is more practical, effective and easy to handle. From this result, we can conclude that digital map is plausible to replace paper-based map in which Windows Mobile PDA with GPS is the most suitable for normal use and GPS60CS for adventurous use. v

6 TABLE OF CONTENTS ITEMS PAGE CERTIFICATE OF ORIGINALITY FULFILLMENT ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ABSTRACT T ABLE OF CONTENTS LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS LIST OF FIGURES ii iii iv v vi ix x CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION 1.1 Project Background Problem Statement Project Scope Project Objectives Project Significance Overview of the Thesis 5 CHAPTER 2 LITERATURE REVIEW 2.1 Introduction GPS System Architecture The Space Segment The Control Segment The User Segment How Does GPS Work? GPS Limitations Related Works Tracking System Transportation Survey 10 vi

7 2.5.3 Surveying and Mapping Using Open Source GPS/PDA Software GPS Mapping Software Conclusion 14 CHAPTER 3 METHODOLOGY 3.1 Introduction Data Collection Planning Analysis User Requirement Analysis Hardware Requirement Analysis Map Analysis Design Windows Mobile PDA with GPS Palm PDA with GPS Notebook with GPS GPS60CS Installation and Configuration Testing 25 CHAPTER 4 RESULT AND FINDINGS 4.1 Introduction Windows Mobile PDA with GPS Preparing the GPS Map Pairing Windows Mobile PDA with BT GPS Navigation on Windows Mobile PDA GPS Palm PDA with GPS Preparing the GPS Map 46 vii

8 4.3.2 Pairing Palm PDA with BT GPS Navigation on Palm PDA with GPS Notebook with GPS Preparing the GPS Map Pairing the Notebook with BT GPS Navigation On Notebook with GPS GPS60CS Preparing the GPS Map Navigation On GPS60CS Testing Result Effectiveness Ease of Use Efficiency 71 CHAPTER 5 RECOMMENDATIONS AND CONCLUSIONS 75 REFERENCES 79 viii

9 LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS 1. BT - Bluetooth 2. BT GPS - Bluetooth Global Positioning System 3. COM - Communication port or serial port 4. GPS - Global Positioning System 5. GPSr - Global Positioning System receiver 6. Latitude - The distance of a place north or south of the equstor 7. Longitude - The distance east or west of the Greenwich meridian 8. OS - Operating system 9. PDA - Personal Digital Assistant LIST OF FIGURES ix

10 Figure Figure Figure 3.3..:22 Figure 3.4..:23 Figure 4.1..:27 Figure 4.2..:27 Figure 4.3..:28 Figure 4.4..:29 Figure 4.5..:30 Figure 4.6..:30 Figure 4.7..:31 Figure 4.8..:32 Figure 4.9..:32 Figure Figure :33 Figure :34 Figure :34 Figure :35 Figure :35 Figure :36 Figure :37 Figure :38 Figure :38 Figure :39 Figure :40 Figure :41 Figure :41 Figure :42 Figure :43 x

11 Figure 4.26 Figure 4.27 Figure 4.28 Figure 4.29 Figure 4.30 Figure 4.31 Figure 4.32 Figure 4.33 Figure 4.34 Figure 4.35 Figure 4.36 Figure 4.37 Figure 4.38 Figure 4.39 Figure 4.40 Figure 4.41 Figure 4.42 Figure 4.43 Figure 4.44 Figure 4.45 Figure 4.46 Figure 4.47 Figure 4.48 Figure 4.49 Figure 4.50 Figure 4.51 Figure 4.52 Figure 4.53 Figure 4.54 Figure 4.55 Figure :43..:44..:45..:45..:46..:47..:48..:49..:49..:50..:50..:51..:52..:53..:53..:54..:54..:56..:56..:57..:58..:58..:59..:60..:60..:61..:62..:62..:63..:64..:65 xi

12 Figure 4.57 Figure 4.58 Figure 4.59 Figure 4.60 Figure 4.61 Figure 4.62 Figure 4.63 Figure 4.64 Figure 4.65 Figure 4.66 Figure :65..:66..:68..:68..:69..:69..:70..:71..:72..:72..:73 xii

13 Mobile Navigation System Using GPS CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION 1.1 PROJECT BACKGROUND GPS (Global Positioning System) is a network of satellites that continuously transmit coded information, which makes it possible to precisely identify locations on earth by measuring distance from the satellites (Garmin, 2000). GPS now has been widely used by surveyors, commercial fishermen, recreational and so on to keep track of their current locations, find their way to a specified location and know what direction to take to get to the intended destination. After all, there is no payment or charged acquired to utilize the technology. In the study we try to integrate the GPS mapping with Windows Mobile 5 PDA, Palm OS PDA, notebook and the GPSr (GPS receiver) itself which is the GPS60CS. Thus, the users are able to use these mobile devices for the purposes mentioned earlier. 1.2 PROBLEM STATEMENT Traditionally, paper-based map has been the only navigation tool. As far as we are concern, they are many drawbacks of using paper map. People find it difficult to locate themselves in the paper-based map available because they are not really familiar with the specified place as well as the landmarks around them. 1

14 Mobile Navigation System Using GPS Other reason would be the paper-based map will not be updated as frequent as the development in the country. There are new buildings, roads, flyover and so on being constructed rapidly. Therefore, paper based map will not be able to correspond with the real landmarks. They are also not being able to identify the best route to get to the specified location. As a result, they can be easily lost in the unfamiliar area. People will normally refer to the paper-based map, signboards or ask around for directions in which will either ending up reaching the destination or the other way round. This will definitely incur lots of time, energy and cost. As the technology matures, there are some solutions and alternatives to the current problems. The GPS integrated with mobile devices is the solution and answers to the above problem. The system will enable users to keep track of their current locations, to find their way to an intended destination and identify the best direction to get to that intended destination by referring to their mobile devices. 1.3 PROJECT SCOPE This project is developed using Bluetooth GPS with Multiple Platforms (Windows Mobile 5 PDA, Palm OS PDA, notebook, GPS60CS). Bluetooth GPS is chosen because it is compatible with the multiple platforms. Apart from that, the Sirs III chipset in the Bluetooth GPS has high sensitivity. Multiple platforms are deployed in order to conduct comparative study of GPS environment on those platforms. The project testing will be carried out in Shah Alam area only. The testing will be carried out in the Shah Alam area only due to time, budget and transportation constraints. 2

15 Mobile Navigation System Using GPS The system will only work well in an open area. This is due to the GPS limitation itself. The signal travels by line of sight in which it is able to pass through clouds, glass and plastic but will not pass through physical solid objects such as mountains, building and so on. Users can only determine their current location and available route to reach their destination. It is not the project concern to provide the best routing since this will involves of much and complicated task. Nevertheless, users will be provided with the route to the destination despite the fact that it might be other short cuts or better route. 1.4 PROJECT OBJECTIVES The objectives of this study are: To conduct comparative study on different GPS platforms on Windows Mobile 5 PDA, Palm OS PDA, notebook and GPS60C based on the environment suitability. To evaluate user acceptance of replacing paper-based map with the digital map based on effectiveness, ease of use and efficiency. 1.5 PROJECT SIGNIFICANCE The significance of this project is that it provides an alternative to the traditional way of paper based map as a navigation tool. The integration with mobile devices which are portable makes it more convenience to users in obtaining their exact location on earth. Besides that, it would be much easier since there is navigation arrow available in the mobile devices for users reference. By conducting comparative study on multiple 3

16 Mobile Navigation System Using GPS GPS platforms such as Windows Mobile 5 PDA, Palm OS PDA, notebook and GPS60C, we can therefore identify the most suitable platform to be utilized for users. This is because each platform will have different outcome, strengths and limitations. In short, users can try to integrate their devices such as Windows Mobile 5 PDA, Palm OS PDA, notebook and GPS60C. Integration with those devices will add another new GPS feature to their devices other than the typical functions of those devices. Besides that, it is also significance in terms of determining whether it is reasonable to replace paper-based map with digital map. This would be achieved by conducting the testing by having a sample of respondents to test the system and give their responses in the questionnaire provided. The main concern here is to observe if the respondents manage to reach the destination by referring to the mobile navigation system. As far as we are concern, the utilization on GPS technology enable users to identify location more accurate compared to other system. In term of the researcher herself, it is hoped that the project would be a benchmark for future work like for example integrating the GPS with other devices like mobile phone and so on. In other words, future researchers can indulge more in the study pertaining to the GPS field to improvise the current system available with different perspective and idea. 4

17 Mobile Navigation System Using GPS 1.6 OVERVIEW OF THE THESIS This thesis report comprises of five chapters namely Introduction, Literature Review, Methodology, Result and Findings and finally Conclusion and Recommendation Chapter 1- Introduction explains the overview of the project. The project background, problem statement, objectives and significance are clearly defined to give readers an overview of the project. Chapter 2 Literature review on the other hand contextualized the definition, concept and other relevance information regarding the project topic. Many similar researches or related works were viewed in order to determine the methodologies and approaches carried out in the previous research in order to develop idea and see things in different perspective of view. Chapter 3 Methodology discussed the phases implemented in conducting the research. In short, the phases include Data Collection, Planning, Analysis, Design, Installation and Configuration and finally Testing. All activities in these phases must be carried out systematically in accomplishing the project. Chapter 4 - The result and findings of the research specifically with conducting conduct comparative study on different GPS environment or platforms on Windows Mobile 5 PDA, Palm OS PDA, notebook and GPS60C are discussed under this chapter. Chapter 5 - The final chapter will conclude the research study in overall. Recommendations for current use of GPS as well as future work regarding the matter are clearly defined under Chapter 5. 5

18 Mobile Navigation System Using GPS CHAPTER 2 LITERATURE REVIEW 2.1 INTRODUCTION GPS (Global Positioning System) or known as NAVSTAR (Navigation Satellite Timing and Ranging) system by U.S Deparment of Defense is a network of satellites that continuously transmit coded information, which makes it possible to precisely identify locations on earth by measuring distance from the satellites (Garmin, 2000). GPS is a network of 24 satellites placed into orbit by the U.S. Department of Defense. GPS was originally intended for military applications, but in the 1980s, the government made the system available for civilian use (Garmin, 2000). We are only concerning on this NAVSTAR GPS in this project despite the availability of other two GPS namely GALILEO of European and GLONASS of Russian. GALILEO signal is encrypted whereas GLONASS will be only operational by GPS technology has now been widely adapted and used in many area such as air, land and sea navigation, animal and vehicle tracking and also surveying and mapping due to its effectiveness and the fact that there is no subscription fees or setup charges. 2.2 GPS SYSTEM ARCHITECTURE According to Garmin, which is one of the GPS device manufactures, there are three segments of GPS. The segments consist of: Space segment Control segment User segment 6

19 Mobile Navigation System Using GPS The Space Segment Currently, there are 27 satellites in the orbit in which 24 units are put in operation while remaining three units are used as backup (Mohd Zuki, 2004). These satellites are situated about miles above the earth surface. Such high altitude will result to better global coverage. The satellites are arranged in their orbit. GPS satellites travel at the speed of miles an hour as well as circle the earth twice a day in orbit and transmit signal to earth simultaneously. GPS receiver on earth will normally receive signal from four satellites at any given time. U.S Department of Defense launched the first GPS satellite in 1978 and in 1994 a full constellation of satellites was accomplished. The U.S Department of Defense is therefore responsible for the GPS management and maintenance by performing satellites replacement by launching it into orbit since each satellite was believed to last for about 10 years. The satellites were powered by solar energy and there are backup batteries available in the space there to ensure the system is running appropriately The Control Segment As the name suggests, the control segment function is to control the GPS satellites by tracking them and then providing them with corrected orbital and clock (time) information (Garmin,2000). In order for the segment to perform its task, five control stations are assigned around the world in which four unmanned monitoring and one master control station. Monitor stations track GPS satellites data and send it to the master control station. The master control station corrects the data should there is any error and send it back the GPS satellites via two transmitting antennas situated at the monitor stations. U.S Department of Defense stated that the control segment operated by the 50 th Space Wing of the U.S Air Force Space Command consists of the GPS Master Control Station (MCS) and a Monitor Station at Falcon 7

20 Mobile Navigation System Using GPS Air Force Station, Colorado Springs, Colorado. Other monitor stations are located in Hawaii, Ascension Island, Diego Garcia and finally Kwajalein Atoll The User Segment The user segment or simply seen as you and your GPS receiver. This consists of users like the military, hikers, boaters, surveyors and others around the world who wish to determine their current location on earth. Two types of services are available such as Standard Positioning Service (SPS) and the Precise Positioning Service (PPS) (Natrah, 2004). 2.3 HOW DOES GPS WORK In order for GPS to work, it has to identify two important elements which are the satellites locations and the distance from you. GPS will transmit signal to earth while circling the earth twice a day. As for the satellites locations, the GPS receiver manipulates coded information like almanac data and ephermeris data it receives from the satellites. Almanac data simply refers to approximate positions of satellites transmitted periodically by the satellites as they are circling the earth. GPS receiver stores this information in its memory. As for the distance information on the other hand, distance formula is calculated. The formula is: Distance = Velocity x Travel Time. Velocity takes the speed of radio waves which is miles per second (the speed of light). GPS receiver gains the travel time by comparing the time a signal was transmitted by a satellite with the time it was received. Next the distance is calculated using the formula mentioned above. Notice that the GPS receiver currently has the satellites location and distance. The user s position on earth can be determined by conducting distance measurements from other satellites. User s 2D position (latitude and longitude) and track movement 8

21 Mobile Navigation System Using GPS can be calculated if the GPS receiver receives signal from at least three satellites. Meanwhile, user s 3D position (latitude, longitude and altitute) however can be also calculated if the GPS receiver receives signal from four or more satellites. In other words, the more signal from satellites in receives, the more accurate the outcome would be. The importance of user s position information is so that other essential information such as speed, bearing, sunrise and sunset time, track and many more can be calculated as well. 2.4 GPS LIMITATIONS Satellite positioning (GPS) is an alternative technology, which gives better results in open area (it recently became 10 times more accurate because a military scrambling called SA was turned off) (Hardy, 2000). Despite of its significant capability of obtaining valuable information as explained earlier, GPS itself has some limitation that we must take into consideration. The signal travels by line of sight in which it is able to pass through clouds, glass and plastic but will not pass through physical solid objects such as mountains, building and so on resulting to not accurate outcome. In addition, GPS is not so good in cluttered areas like city centers where the signal from the sky is shielded or confused by echoes (Hardy, 2000). As an alternative of this drawback, other improved systems were introduced such as DGPS (Differential Global Positioning System) and WAAS (Wide Area Augmentation System). 2.5 RELATED WORKS As far as GPS technology is concerned, many researchers have taken the initiatives to conduct research regarding the matter. We have reviewed some research or project done in order to gain the idea regarding the approach or methodology implemented as well as to understand the topic better. The researches includes locally and abroad. 9

22 Mobile Navigation System Using GPS Tracking system In a recent study In our faculty, Faculty of Information Technology and Quantitative Science (FTMSK) a few researches has been conducted. Natrah (2005) for instance has developed User Tracking System. The aim of her study is to find coordinate for road and building in UiTM Shah Alam using GPS Garmin Rino 110 and digitized the map. The study was accomplished successfully despite the drawback that the user has to carry their laptop anywhere there go to use the system since it is a computer-based system. Other than that, Mohd Zuki (2004) of FTMSK as well has developed Vehicle Tracking System by enhancing GSM with GPS. This study is more advanced than the study mentioned earlier on since there is an involvement of GPS receiver and microcontroller, integration between GSM module and microcontroller and integration between sensor and microcontroller as well. The system is not only functioning as a vehicle tracking system but also as an extra gadget fro security system and allowing user to monitor his vehicle remotely (Mohd. Zuki, 2004). Similarly to Mohd Zuki, (2004), Lund (1997) has utilized microcontroller, external memory and oscillator to design Mobile Tracking System. The system is designed to work as a position locator to track expensive property or important cargo. The user is able to request position data by calling the system, built around Intel 80x51 microcontroller using cellular phone or an ordinary phone (Lund, 1997). The enhancement of the system is that cellular phone or an ordinary phone are utilized compared to other tracking system in which involves of handheld device like PDA or computer. On top of that, the advantage of this system is it only requires inexpensive part and small circuitry can be used to perform the task. 10

23 Mobile Navigation System Using GPS Transportation Survey With the enhancement of GPS tracking system, there came out works like transportation survey. For instance, Kracht (2004) has combined the technologies of GPS and GSM in his work, Tracking and Interviewing Individuals with GPS and GSM Technology on Mobile Device. In contrast to other typical tracking system, Kracht, 2004 has introduced active tracking where people can response to the questionnaires given while they are traveling in order to add additional information to the recorded GPS/GSM recorder track. It has been showed that parallel GPS/GSM tracking is a good opportunity to fill incomplete GPS tracking data (Kracht, 2004). The use of GPS/GSM tracking with the users response has provided an alternative to more practical approach rather than requesting the users to wear technical equipment like GPS receiver in a long time period that could be a burden and burdensome for them. Another project based on Computer-assisted self-interviewing (CASI) is described in Using Global Positioning Systems and Personal Digital Assistants for Personal Travel Surveys by Murakami,1996 This project combined Global Positioning Satellite (GPS) and Geographic Information Systems (GIS) technology with small hand-held computers (Personal Digital Assistants PDAs). This project was developed in order to improve the quality of travel behavior data, and reducing respondent burden like time on the telephone for reporting travel information (Murakami, 1996). It was found that using CASI combine with GPS technology enable the improvement of overall survey data quality in travel behavior studies. The project was developed by attaching the GPS Garmin antenna/receiver to PDA serial port and finally connects this attached equipment to the vehicle electrical system via vehicle cigarette lighter. 11

24 Mobile Navigation System Using GPS Surveying & Mapping In contrast, Walsh, 2004 pointed out a project that need not to have physical connection between PDA and GPS receiver. This is significant as it eliminated the need for a connecting wire between the PDA and the GPS and allowed greater freedom of movement through rugged terrain and dense undergrowth (Walsh, 2004). Walsh (2004) chose 3Com Palm III PDA which run Pendragon Forms data collection software version 1.2. He has developed data collection system using Pendragon Forms and collects attributes data and positional waypoint data in the field at every outcrop with the PDA and GPS receiver. After data collection, the PDA and GPS data are downloaded to a desktop or laptop computer running Microsoft Access and Microsoft Hyperterminal respectively. After that, the Microsoft Access data is converted into and Arc/Info point coverage to represent the digital mapping. In short, this digital mapping technique overcomes the inefficiency and unpractical typical data collection recording. Besides that, Location Activated Nomadic Discovery (LAND): A Mobile Location-Sensitive Visitor Information and Navigation Service for Cumbria) project was developed by Taylor, Peake, Philipa and Robertshaw for the tourist guide in Cumbria. The LAND project aims to significantly enhance the accessibility of tourist information by offering a mobile system that delivers media rich information tailored to the user according to context (Taylor, 2000). This was achieved when visitors are able to navigate 3D mapping data presented on their PDA screen by of course means of GPS. LAND is a database driven application hosted on a server and accessed on a mobile, networked device. Static data, such as mapping data, will be stored on the PDA whereas dynamic data such as destination management information will be delivered on the fly using a wireless service (Taylor, 2000). As explained earlier, there are limitations of GPS that might degrade the GPS performance. Nevertheless, this can be overcome by conducting DGPS (Differential Global Positioning System). This approach was applied by Tedrumpun 12