Automated Alarm Based Railway Gate Crossing Based on GPS and GSM

Transcription

1 Automated Alarm Based Railway Gate Crossing Based on GPS and GSM Y.Aswani 1, P Sudhakar Rao 2, V.V.G.S. Rajendra Prasad 3 1 M.Tech Student, Dept of ECE, Nova College of Engineering & Technology for Women, Jupudi villaga, Ibrahimpatnam mandal, Krishna Dist, A.P, India 2 Assistant Professor, Dept of ECE, Nova College of Engineering & Technology for Women, Jupudi villaga, Ibrahimpatnam mandal, Krishna Dist, A.P, India 3 Assistant Professor, Dept of ECE, Nova College of Engineering & Technology for Women, Jupudi villaga, Ibrahimpatnam mandal, Krishna Dist, A.P, India Abstract: In the following paper we design a system to ensure the railway safety and improve the passing efficiency in railway crossing, we design a new railway crossing warning system based on GPS and GPRS. The high-precision positioning of GPS and efficient transmission rate of GPRS, combining with computer control technology are used in this system, which provides a safeguard for railway system. Key words: Micro controller, GSM Modem, GPS module, lighting system, Alram I. Introduction From the situation of current domestic and international railway crossing, crossing alarm technology is a major a variety of alarm systems have been proposed previously, but all of them have some problems. Firstly, they have poor system stability and performance; secondly, the active sensors have some defects like this: instability and short reliable life cycle which would be replaced every two years, complex working principle, cost-ineffective, prone to failure, not convenient for the work, and the most serious problem is that the car will bring vibration and displacement of loose, which will cause the alarm to fail. These problems often bring some illusion and trouble to the guarder, so it is one of the major security risks on railway. The system integrated with GPS and GSM/GPRS networks positioning, combined the advantages of the two and overcome the disadvantages of them, which made the performance improved significantly. We use the satellite communication to locate the train positions and measure their speeds. The wireless data communication link will provide the information of the train location and speed for the train control center, and in turn control the train speed and signal display. II. Proposed hardware system ARM7TDMI: ARM architecture is based on Reduced Instruction Set Computer (RISC) Principles. The RISC instruction set, and related decode mechanism are much simpler than those of Complex Instruction Set Computer (CISC) designs. This simplicity gives: A high instruction throughput An excellent real-time interrupt response A small, cost-effective, processor macro cell. Microcontroller: A Micro controller consists of a powerful CPU tightly coupled with memory RAM, ROM or EPROM), various I / O features such as Serial ports, Parallel Ports, Timer/Counters, Interrupt Controller, Data Acquisition interfaces-analog to Digital Converter (ADC), Digital to Analog Converter (ADC), everything integrated onto a single Silicon Chip. Liquid-crystal display (LCD) is a flat panel display, electronic visual display that uses the light modulation properties of liquid crystals. Liquid crystals do not emit light directly. LCDs are available to display arbitrary images or fixed images which can be displayed or hidden, such as preset words, digits, and 7-segment displays as in a digital clock. They use the same basic technology, except that arbitrary images are made up of a large number of small pixels, while other displays have larger elements. GSM Modem: GSM/GPRS RS232 Modem from rhydo LABZ is built with sim com Make SIM900 Quad-band GSM/GPRS engine, works on frequencies 850 MHz, 900 MHz, 1800 MHz and 1900 MHz It is very compact in size and easy to use as plug in GSM Modem. IJPRES 7

2 GPS: The Global Positioning System (GPS) is a space-based satellite navigation system that provides location and time information in all weather conditions, anywhere on or near the earth where there is an unobstructed line of sight to four or more GPS satellites. The system provides capabilities to military, civil and commercial users around the world. It is maintained by the United States government and is freely accessible to anyone with a GPS receiver. III. Design of Proposed Hardware System Fig.1.Train section complete the function of receiving GPS information, GPRS module is to complete the function of network location and receiving and sending positioning information. LPC2114 has two serial ports, UART1 and UART0. It communicates with GPS module through the serial port 1 and GPRS module through serial port0. Just because the two serial ports of LPC2114, GPS module communication port, and GPRS module communication port are all TTL level, it does not need the level converter chip. The TXD and RXD of LPC2114 can directly connect the RXD and TXD of the other two modules (note: one must connect the TXD of LPC2114 to RXD of the other two modules and connects the RXD of LPC2114 to TXD. They cannot be reversed, otherwise there is no communication). Once GPS and GPRS get the train running information, on one hand, the information is send to control center through GPRS, on the other hand, which is stored in RAM of LPC2114, and is displayed through the LCD for future investigations. LCD is connected to the LPC2114 by a serial way. GPRS receiver module in control center subsystem receives the real-time train speed and position information. Through filtering the received data, AT89C51 then briefly calculates arrival time of the latest trains, and alarm by sound and light at the right time. IV. Board Hardware Resources Features Fig.2.Control section Control Center subsystem includes GPRS module, MCU processing module and sound and light alarm module, The MCU uses 8-bit cheap SST89E554RC, which with a full-duplex, programmable serial port (UART), 48-bit I/O port (32-bit I/O pins). GPRS (SM5100B) module is used to receive the traffic information transmitted by the train. On-board equipment subsystem consists of control unit ARM (LPC2114), GPS positioning module, GPRS module, LCD display module and power module. After an initialization at power up, the terminal will get the train s speed and position information through the GPS module and GPRS module, and send location information to the control center through the GPRS network. GPS module is to GSM Module GSM (Global System for Mobile communication) is a digital mobile telephone system that is widely used in many parts of the world. The mobile communications has become one of the driving forces of the digital revolution. Every day, millions of people are making phone calls by pressing a few buttons. Little is known about how one person's voice reaches the other person's phone that is thousands of miles away. Even less is known about the security measures and protection behind the system. The complexity of the cell phone is increasing as people begin sending text messages and digital pictures to their friends and family. The cell phone is slowly turning into a handheld computer. All the features and advancements in cell phone technology require a backbone to support it. The system has to provide security and the capability for growth to accommodate future enhancements. General System for Mobile Communications, GSM, is one of the many solutions out there. GSM has been dubbed the "Wireless Revolution" and it doesn't take much to realize why GSM provides a secure and confidential method of communication. IJPRES 8

3 GSM (Global System for Mobile communication) is a digital mobile telephone system that is widely used in many parts of the world. GSM uses a variation of Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA) and is the most widely used of the three digital wireless telephone technologies (TDMA, GSM, and CDMA). GSM digitizes and compresses data, then sends it down a channel with two other streams of user data, each in its own time slot. GSM operates in the 900MHz, 1800MHz, or 1900 MHz frequency bands. GSM has been the backbone of the phenomenal success in mobile telecoms over the last decade. Now, at the dawn of the era of true broadband services, GSM continues to evolve to meet new demands. One of GSM's great strengths is its international roaming capability, giving consumers a seamless service. This has been a vital driver in growth, with around 300 million. In the Americas, today's 7 million subscribers are set to grow rapidly, with market potential of 500 million in population, due to the introduction of GSM 800, which allows operators using the 800 MHz band to have access to GSM technology too. GSM together with other technologies is part of an evolution of wireless mobile telecommunication that includes High-Speed Circuit-Switched Data (HCSD), General Packet Radio System (GPRS), Enhanced Data GSM Environment (EDGE), and Universal Mobile Telecommunications Service (UMTS). GSM security issues such as theft of service, privacy, and legal interception continue to raise significant interest in the GSM community. The purpose of this portal is to raise awareness of these issues with GSM security. The mobile communications has become one of the driving forces of the digital revolution. Every day, millions of people are making phone calls by pressing a few buttons. Little is known about how one person's voice reaches the other person's phone that is thousands of miles away. Even less is known about the security measures and protection behind the system. The complexity of the cell phone is increasing as people begin sending text messages and digital pictures to their friends and family. The cell phone is slowly turning into a handheld computer. All the features and advancements in cell phone technology require a backbone to support it. The system has to provide security and the capability for growth to accommodate future enhancements. General System for Mobile Communications, GSM, is one of the many solutions out there. GSM has been dubbed the "Wireless Revolution" and it doesn't take much to realize why GSM provides a secure and confidential method of communication. Fig.3. General architecture of a GSM network GPS technology: The Global Positioning System (GPS) is a satellite based navigation system that can be used to locate positions anywhere on earth. Designed and operated by the U.S. Department of Defense, it consists of satellites, control and monitor stations, and receivers. GPS receivers take information transmitted from the satellites and uses triangulation to calculate a user s exact location. GPS is used on incidents in a variety of ways, such as: To determine position locations; for example, you need to radio a helicopter pilot the coordinates of your position location so the pilot can pick you up. To navigate from one location to another; for example, you need to travel from a lookout to the fire perimeter. To create digitized maps; for example, you are assigned to plot the fire perimeter and hot spots. To determine distance between two points or how far you are from another location. How the Global Positioning System Works The basis of the GPS is a constellation of satellites that are continuously orbiting the earth. These satellites, which are equipped with atomic clocks, transmit radio signals that contain their exact location, time, and other information. The radio signals from the satellites, which are monitored and corrected by control stations, are picked up by the GPS receiver. A Global Positioning System receiver needs only three satellites to plot a rough, 2D position, which will not be very accurate. Ideally, four or more satellites are needed to plot a 3D position, which is much more accurate. IJPRES 9

4 Three Segments of GPS: The three segments of GPS are the space, control, and user (Figure 5-1). Space Segment Satellites orbiting the earth The space segment consists of 29 satellites circling the earth every 12 hours at 12,000 miles in altitude. This high altitude allows the signals to cover a greater area. The satellites are arranged in their orbits so a GPS receiver on earth can receive a signal from at least four satellites at any given time. Each satellite contains several atomic clocks. Satellites transmit low radio signals with a unique code on different frequencies, allowing the GPS receiver to identify the signals. The main purpose of these coded signals is to allow the GPS receiver to calculate travel time of the radio signal from the satellite to the receiver. The travel time multiplied by the speed of light equals the distance from the satellite to the GPS receiver. Control Segment The control and monitoring stations The control segment tracks the satellites and then provides them with corrected orbital and time information. The control segment consists of five unmanned monitor stations and one Master Control Station. The five unmanned stations monitor GPS satellite signals and then send that information to the Master Control Station where anomalies are corrected and sent back to the GPS satellites through ground antennas. User Segment The GPS receivers owned by civilians and military The user segment consists of the users and their GPS receivers. The number of simultaneous users is limitless. How Does GPS Technology Work? The following points provide a summary of the technology at work: The control segment constantly monitors the GPS constellation and uploads information to satellites to provide maximum user accuracy Your GPS receiver collects information from the GPS satellites that are in view. Your GPS receiver accounts for errors. For more information, refer to the Sources of Errors. Your GPS receiver determines your current location, velocity, and time. Your GPS receiver can calculate other information, such as bearing, track, trip distance, and distance to destination, sunrise and sunset time so forth. Your GPS receiver displays the applicable information on the screen. V. Conclusion Confirmed by the experiment, the alarm system based on GPS and GPRS can not only improve the reliability of communication, but also realize the simultaneous positioning using GPS and GPRS networks in the caves, high-rise areas, and mountains without distance restriction. This make the control center monitor the train in the real-time and longdistance. In addition, CSD (Circuit Switched Data) also can be used for more real-time data transmission. At present, CSD (Circuit-switched Data) is the most widely used wireless technology. Its drawback is that it cannot be connected directly, and must be dial-up, so the connection often takes a lot of time, and once connected it will hold this line. Naturally, the valuation is based on time, its fare is equal to that of the voice calls, and this cost is relatively higher, so we use GPRS to communicate in this system. REFERENCES [1] Wenbin YANG Research on early warming device for railway crossing based on GPS and GPRS J Computer Applications 2006 [2] Huinan WANG.The theory and application of GPS navigation.beijing: Science publisher,2003 [3] Jie LV.GPRS technology M. Beijing University of Post&Telecommunication [4] GR-87 Datasheet. [5]SM5100BDatasheet. [6] Huanshun WANG Multifunctional wireless alarm (early warning) system for railway crossing [J]. Harbin Railway Science & Technology Y.ASWANI, pursuing her M.tech in Embedded Systems from Nova College of Engineering & IJPRES 10

5 P SUDHAKAR RAO, his Qualification is M.tech, currently working as an Associate Professor, in the Department of Electronics and communication Engineering, Nova College of Engineering & V.V.G.S. RAJENDRAPRASAD, his Qualification is M.tech, currently working as an Associate Professor, in the Department of Electronics and communication Engineering, Nova College of Engineering & IJPRES 11