Chapter 1. Why Study Money, Banking, and Financial Markets?

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1 Chapter 1 Why Study Money, Banking, and Financial Markets?

2 Why Study Money, Banking, and Financial Markets To examine how financial markets such as bond, stock and foreign exchange markets work To examine how financial institutions such as banks and insurance companies work To examine the role of money in the economy Copyright 2007 Pearson Addison-Wesley. All rights reserved. 1-2

institutions such as banks and insurance companies work To examine the role of

3 Financial Markets Markets in which funds are transferred from people who have an excess of available funds to people who have a shortage of funds Copyright 2007 Pearson Addison-Wesley. All rights reserved. 1-3

4 The Bond Market and Interest Rates A security (financial instrument) is a claim on the issuer s future income or assets A bond is a debt security that promises to make payments periodically for a specified period of time An interest rate is the cost of borrowing or the price paid for the rental of funds Copyright 2007 Pearson Addison-Wesley. All rights reserved. 1-4

periodically for a specified period of time An interest rate is the cost of borrowing or

6 The Stock Market Common stock represents a share of ownership in a corporation A share of stock is a claim on the earnings and assets of the corporation Copyright 2007 Pearson Addison-Wesley. All rights reserved. 1-6

claim on the earnings and assets of the corporation

8 The Foreign Exchange Market The foreign exchange market is where funds are converted from one currency into another The foreign exchange rate is the price of one currency in terms of another currency The foreign exchange market determines the foreign exchange rate Copyright 2007 Pearson Addison-Wesley. All rights reserved. 1-8

of one currency in terms of another currency The foreign exchange market

10 Banking and Financial Institutions Financial Intermediaries institutions that borrow funds from people who have saved and make loans to other people Banks institutions that accept deposits and make loans Other Financial Institutions insurance companies, finance companies, pension funds, mutual funds and investment banks Financial Innovation in particular, the advent of the information age and e-finance Copyright 2007 Pearson Addison-Wesley. All rights reserved. 1-10

insurance companies, finance companies, pension funds, mutual funds and investment banks Financial Innovation in

11 Money and Business Cycles Evidence suggests that money plays an important role in generating business cycles Recessions (unemployment) and booms (inflation) affect all of us Monetary Theory ties changes in the money supply to changes in aggregate economic activity and the price level Copyright 2007 Pearson Addison-Wesley. All rights reserved. 1-11

of us Monetary Theory ties changes in the money supply to changes in aggregate economic

13 Money and Inflation The aggregate price level is the average price of goods and services in an economy A continual rise in the price level (inflation) affects all economic players Data shows a connection between the money supply and the price level Copyright 2007 Pearson Addison-Wesley. All rights reserved. 1-13

affects all economic players Data shows a connection between the money supply

16 Money and Interest Rates Interest rates are the price of money Prior to 1980, the rate of money growth and the interest rate on long-term Treasure bonds were closely tied Since then, the relationship is less clear but still an important determinant of interest rates Copyright 2007 Pearson Addison-Wesley. All rights reserved. 1-16

closely tied Since then, the relationship is less clear but still an important

18 Monetary and Fiscal Policy Monetary policy is the management of the money supply and interest rates Conducted in the U.S. by the Federal Reserve Bank (Fed) Fiscal policy is government spending and taxation Budget deficit is the excess of expenditures over revenues for a particular year Budget surplus is the excess of revenues over expenditures for a particular year Any deficit must be financed by borrowing Copyright 2007 Pearson Addison-Wesley. All rights reserved. 1-18

expenditures over revenues for a particular year Budget surplus is the excess of revenues over expenditures for a

20 How We Will Study Money, Banking, and Financial Markets A simplified approach to the demand for assets The concept of equilibrium Basic supply and demand to explain behavior in financial markets The search for profits An approach to financial structure based on transaction costs and asymmetric information Aggregate supply and demand analysis Copyright 2007 Pearson Addison-Wesley. All rights reserved. 1-20

The search for profits An approach to financial structure based on transaction costs and asymmetric

Problem Set for Chapter 20(Multiple choices)

Problem Set for Chapter 20(Multiple choices) Problem Set for hapter 20(Multiple choices) 1. According to the theory of liquidity preference, a. if the interest rate is below the equilibrium level, then the quantity of money people want to hold is