SINGAPORE S EMERGING IP STRATEGY

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1 SINGAPORE S EMERGING IP STRATEGY Prof. Poh Kam Wong Professor, NUS Business School Director, NUS Entrepreneurship Centre Professorial Fellow, IP Academy of Singapore Member, Subcommittee 1, Singapore s IP Hub Masterplan

2 KEY IP DEVELOPMENT TRENDS IN SINGAPORE In line with increasing R&D investment as % of GDP, inventions in Singapore granted USPTO protection continues to grow rapidly, faster than overall growth of total USPTO patents While patenting by local organizations has increased in recent years, significant dominance by foreign assignees remains, especially among the largest patent holders International surveys consistently rank Singapore s IP regime as one of the best in the world (top in IP protection in Asia by WEF Global Competitiveness Report 2014/2015, the International Property Rights Index 2012 and the Political & Economic Risk Consultancy Report 2011) However, while the IP professional services industry has grown, it still lags in high value-adding, specialized expertise areas compared to the more advanced economies 2

3 SINGAPORE-INVENTED PATENTS ISSUED BY THE USPTO AND EPO, USPTO-granted patents EPO-granted patents Source for USPTO data: USPTO Patent Full-Text and Image Database Source for EPO data: Patsnap Global Patent Search and Analysis Platform 3

4 Foreign Ownership of Patents Invented Locally in Asia Pacific Japan South Korea Taiwan Hong Kong Singapore Malaysia Thailand Indonesia Philippines China India Australia New Zealand Proportion of Patents that owned by Foreign Assignees Foreign ownership of locally invented patents provides an indication of control over local inventions. China and India have the highest extent of foreign ownership. However, the incidence of foreign ownership in China has decreased significantly, from 73% in to 58% in the most recent five year period. This points to the greatly increased degree of patenting by indigenous Chinese enterprises in recent years. Over half of Singapore invented patents are owned by foreign entities. This is the lowest of the ASEAN economies, although still high as compared with the East Asian and Oceania economies. Source: Wong et. al, Asia-Pacific IP Score-card

5 TOP 20 PATENT ASSIGNEES OF SINGAPORE- USPTO PATENTS AS OF END OF 2013 Rank Cumulative to 2013 Institution Type Source: USPTO Patent Full-Text and Image Database; Patsnap Global Patent Search and Analysis Platform Cumulative no. of patents to CHARTERED SEMICONDUCTOR (now GLOBAL FOUNDRIES) Foreign Co ASTAR Local PRI STATS CHIPPAC Foreign Co MICRON TECHNOLOGY Foreign Co SEAGATE TECHNOLOGY Foreign Co HEWLETT-PACKARD Foreign Co NATIONAL UNIVERSITY OF SINGAPORE Local University CREATIVE TECHNOLOGY LTD Local Co MARVELL INTERNATIONAL LTD Foreign Co STMICROELECTRONICS Foreign Co PHILIPS Foreign Co PANASONIC CORPORATION Foreign Co INFINEON TECHNOLOGIES AG Foreign Co MOTOROLA INC Foreign Co AVAGO TECHNOLOGIES Foreign Co MATSUSHITA Foreign Co BRIDGE SEMICONDUCTOR CORPORATION Foreign Co TEXAS INSTRUMENTS Foreign Co ST ASSEMBLY TEST SERVICES Local Co NANYANG TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY Local University 97 5

6 No. of IP Services Companies in Singapore 2012 No. % Prosecution - Trade Marks Franchising/Licensing/Distributorship Prosecution Patents IP Strategy/Administration/Management IP Litigation Prosecution Designs IP Support Services Branding IP Audit IP Intelligence/ Search Patent Drafting (In-house) Joint Venture/ Merger/Acquisition IT/ E-commerce (IP Aspects) IP Training IP Valuation Other IP Transactions Copyright Management Domain Name Management IP Brokerage/ Technology Transfer Patent Drafting (Via Third Party) Total no. of IP services companies in IPOS directory IP services companies listed in IPOS IP service providers directory IP legal services well represented Relative scarcity of firms offering specialized IP services (<20%) Note: Includes IP service providers registered with IPOS only. Each company may provide multiple services 6

7 IP Services in Established Models of IP Value Extraction: Availability in Singapore Market makers & transaction intermediaries Enforcers and Litigation Financiers Institutional Aggregators/ lnvestors IP development & licensing companies Analytics Toolmakers & Service Providers Model of value extraction Availability Licensing specialists ~ Corporate licensing spin-outs ~ University tech transfer agents Available ~ Independent licensing agents (ILAs) 1 On-line Exchanges/Bulletin Boards 1 Brokers IP Auction Houses IP-Driven M&A Advisors IP-Backed Finance ~ Royalty Stream Securitization ~ IP-Collateralized Lending (ABL) Single inventor assertion firms Patent licensing & enforcement companies (PLECs) 2 Litigation financiers/investor 3 Strategic (corporate) investors and financial investors (LPs) Financial investors only Government-sponsored funds Defensive patent pools, funds and alliances IP as a "product" 4 Patent rating services and IP analysis software Intangible Asset Valuation Specialists None or limited None or limited None or limited Available None or limited None or Limited None or Limited None or Limited Available Available Available None or Limited Available Available None or Limited Noticeable gaps in range of IP services along the IP value extraction chain Especially in terms of market makers & transaction intermediaries, enforcers & litigation financiers Source: Wong et.al., Digital Convergence Study 1 Many of the ILAs and Exchanges have expanded their services to include brokerage 2 There is some overlap between this category and the Institutional aggregators and Licensing agents 3 Models include equity investment, debt financing, and buy-out. 4 These companies may utilize a revenue model based on: Technology transfer (design info, process know-how, and consulting) plus patent licensing, (carrot model); or Patent licensing/assertion alone (stick model) or Both Source: Laurie, R. (2012). Extracting value from IP portfolios: What s driving the current patent market? Presented at IP: The New Currency, Europe-Asia Patent and Copyright Patent Information National University Conference, of Singapore. July All 13, Rights Singapore. Reserved. 7

8 IP Services in Emerging Models of IP Value Extraction: Availability in Singapore Emerging model Syndicated patent acquisition (Ad hoc group-buying consortia) Patent Privateers (Operating company patent licensing/enforcement by proxy) IP exchanges and transaction platforms Spin-outs of stranded corporate technologies and associated IP M&A Financing IP lnfomediaries Patent-Based Public Stock Indexes Availability in Singapore None or limited None or limited None or limited None or limited Available Available None Aside from M&A financing and IP infomediaries, limited availability of IP services needed for emerging IP value extraction models Source: Wong et.al., Digital Convergence Study Source: Laurie, R. (2012). Extracting value from IP portfolios: What s driving the current patent market? Presented at IP: The New Currency, Europe-Asia Patent and Copyright Patent Information National University Conference, of Singapore. July All 13, Rights Singapore. Reserved. 8

9 OPPORTUNITIES & CHALLENGES FOR SINGAPORE The small domestic market and absolute R&D base of Singapore represent inherent limits to the development of IP-related services and expertise Given the rapid growth of IP in Asia, Singapore needs to position herself to compete for a share of the value creation around IP in the much larger Asian markets To do so, Singapore needs to go beyond its traditional strategy of providing a strong protection regime for IP in Singapore; it needs to become an IP professional services hub for the region 9

10 SINGAPORE S IP HUB MASTERPLAN Steering Committee established May 2012 Report Released in April 2013 Recommendations developed from two Sub- Committees: Developing a vibrant marketplace for IP transactions Building world-class IP capabilities & nfrastructure 10

11 STRATEGY MAP OF THE IP HUB MASTER PLAN Source: IP Steering Committee. (2013). Intellectual Property (IP) Hub Master Plan: Developing Singapore as a Global IP Hub in Asia 11

12 KEY RECOMMENDATIONS FOR STRATEGY 1: DEVELOP A VIBRANT IP MARKETPLACE Attract top, international IP intermediaries to facilitate IP transactions through incentive schemes Collaborate with industries to establish a one-stop licensing platform that allows users to easily obtain licenses for relevant forms of copyrighted works in Singapore, and grow it over time to potentially support the licensing markets in the region Support and co-fund a diverse array of projects across the entire IP marketplace ecosystem Sources: IP Steering Committee. (2013). Intellectual Property (IP) Hub Master Plan: Developing Singapore as a Global IP Hub in Asia IPOS. (2014). Singapore Continues Stride Towards Becoming an Intellectual Property Hub of Asia, Launches First-Ever IP Management and Value Lab. IPOS Press release, 26 August

13 KEY RECOMMENDATIONS FOR STRATEGY 2: FACILITATE IP TRANSACTIONS Introduce an IP financing scheme, where the Government partially underwrites the value of IP used as collateral Support IP securitisation activities in Singapore where appropriate Attract IP fund management activities to Singapore, to enhance the slate of IP financing avenues and create spin-off demand on other sectors Set up a Centre of Excellence for IP Valuation to promote excellence in the research and practice of valuation so as to support IP transactions Work with industry to encourage positive practices that would enhance the transparency of IP transactions Sources: IP Steering Committee. (2013). Intellectual Property (IP) Hub Master Plan: Developing Singapore as a Global IP Hub in Asia IPOS. (2014). Singapore Continues Stride Towards Becoming an Intellectual Property Hub of Asia, Launches First-Ever IP Management and Value Lab. IPOS Press release, 26 August

14 KEY RECOMMENDATIONS FOR STRATEGY 3: CREATE A STRONG VALUE PROPOSITION TO ATTRACT IP FILINGS Build a search and examination (S&E) team capable of producing quality S&E services expeditiously within publicised target timeframes, which should be equal to or better than that offered by the best in the world, and costefficiently Build comprehensive international networks and collaborations with other IP offices to develop Singapore as a gateway to other markets Grow a larger pool of Singapore-qualified patent agents with the necessary expertise to cater to the needs of international companies and attract more patent work to Singapore Sources: IP Steering Committee. (2013). Intellectual Property (IP) Hub Master Plan: Developing Singapore as a Global IP Hub in Asia IPOS. (2014). Singapore Continues Stride Towards Becoming an Intellectual Property Hub of Asia, Launches First-Ever IP Management and Value Lab. IPOS Press release, 26 August

15 KEY RECOMMENDATIONS FOR STRATEGY 4: DEVELOP SINGAPORE AS A CHOICE VENUE FOR IP DISPUTE RESOLUTION Enhance the profile and strengthen the capabilities of Singapore s IP Court to attract more IP litigation to Singapore Establish a panel of top international IP arbitrators in Singapore to enhance the international profile of Singapore s IP alternative dispute resolution (ADR) capabilities and attract more IP-related ADR cases to Singapore Sources: IP Steering Committee. (2013). Intellectual Property (IP) Hub Master Plan: Developing Singapore as a Global IP Hub in Asia IPOS. (2014). Singapore Continues Stride Towards Becoming an Intellectual Property Hub of Asia, Launches First-Ever IP Management and Value Lab. IPOS Press release, 26 August

16 KEY RECOMMENDATIONS FOR STRATEGY 5: BUILD A GLOBALLY COMPETITIVE IP WORKFORCE Develop strategic areas of expertise under the IP Competency Framework (IPCF), with specific focus on, but not limited to, Patent Agents, IP Management Directors, IP Strategists and IP Valuation Analysts, and serve as a training hub for IP professionals in the region to better create a strong network of IP skills and expertise across jurisdictions Seed interest in various IP career paths and develop understanding of IP from an early stage, so as to position the IP profession as a rewarding one Sources: IP Steering Committee. (2013). Intellectual Property (IP) Hub Master Plan: Developing Singapore as a Global IP Hub in Asia IPOS. (2014). Singapore Continues Stride Towards Becoming an Intellectual Property Hub of Asia, Launches First-Ever IP Management and Value Lab. IPOS Press release, 26 August

17 KEY RECOMMENDATIONS FOR STRATEGY 6: ENHANCE THE TAX ENVIRONMENT TO ATTRACT AND ANCHOR IP PORTFOLIOS AND IP MANAGEMENT ACTIVIITES Implement an IP Box or similar tax regime to provide greater transparency and certainty in Singapore s IP tax regime Sources: IP Steering Committee. (2013). Intellectual Property (IP) Hub Master Plan: Developing Singapore as a Global IP Hub in Asia IPOS. (2014). Singapore Continues Stride Towards Becoming an Intellectual Property Hub of Asia, Launches First-Ever IP Management and Value Lab. IPOS Press release, 26 August

18 KEY RECOMMENDATIONS FOR STRATEGY 7: NURTURE AN ENVIRONMENT FOR IP THOUGHT LEADERSHIP Establish flagship IP and innovation-related conferences and host international IP conferences in Singapore, to advance and enrich IP discourse in Asia Convene an international advisory panel to guide the development of Singapore as a Global IP Hub in Asia Encourage more Asia-centric, multi-disciplinary IP research in Singapore Sources: IP Steering Committee. (2013). Intellectual Property (IP) Hub Master Plan: Developing Singapore as a Global IP Hub in Asia IPOS. (2014). Singapore Continues Stride Towards Becoming an Intellectual Property Hub of Asia, Launches First-Ever IP Management and Value Lab. IPOS Press release, 26 August

19 PROGRESS MADE TO-DATE Launch of an IP advisory service for business owners Launch of an IP financing scheme Participation in Global Patent Prosecution Highway (GPPH) Network Establishment of a panel of top international IP arbitrators Strengthening of Singapore s patent S&E capabilities Offering of a new expert determination option for patent disputes Adoption of IP competency framework by professional industry bodies Strengthening the IP Academy to deliver IP education & training regionally Annual international IP conference (from 2012) - IP SG Launch of the IP ValueLab (subsidiary of IPOS) to promote & develop IP management & strategy, IP commercialization & monetization, and IP valuation in Singapore, in cooperation with the Singapore Accountancy Commission (SAC) Renewal of Memorandum of Cooperation with Japan Patent Office (JPO) Launch of NUSRI IP Academy in Suzhou, China Sources: IP Steering Committee. (2013). Intellectual Property (IP) Hub Master Plan: Developing Singapore as a Global IP Hub in Asia IPOS. (2014). Singapore Continues Stride Towards Becoming an Intellectual Property Hub of Asia, Launches First-Ever IP Management and Value Lab. IPOS Press release, 26 August

20 EXAMPLES OF RECENT POLICY-ORIENTED RESEARCH ON IP FUNDED BY VARIOUS GOVERNMENT AGENCIES Wong, P.K. and Y.P. Ho, IP Commercialization by National University of Singapore, NUS Entrepreneurship Centre Research commissioned by Ministry of Education (to be completed in March 2015) Wong, P.K. and Y.P. Ho, International Benchmarking of Patenting Performance of A*STAR, NUS Entrepreneurship Centre Research Report commissioned by A*STAR/Exploit Technologies, April 2013 Wong, P.K., C.C. Hang, Y.P. Ho and A. Singh Intellectual Property Rights in the Global Digital Convergence Space: Opportunities for Singapore as an IP Hub - Singapore: NUS Entrepreneurship Centre Research Report commissioned by Intellectual Property Office of Singapore, Dec Wong, P.K., Y.P. Ho, A. Singh and P.C. Low, Asia-Pacific IP Score Card 2010 Report, Singapore: NUS Entrepreneurship Centre Report commissioned by IP Academy of Singapore, May 2012 Sources: IP Steering Committee. (2013). Intellectual Property (IP) Hub Master Plan: Developing Singapore as a Global IP Hub in Asia IPOS. (2014). Singapore Continues Stride Towards Becoming an Intellectual Property Hub of Asia, Launches First-Ever IP Management and Value Lab. IPOS Press release, 26 August

21 Selected Highlights of Research Findings From the Asia-Pacific IP Score-Cards 2010 Study 21

22 Patenting Propensity Taiwan Japan South Korea Singapore Australia New Zealand Hong Kong Malaysia China India Thailand Philippines Indonesia AP ex Japan Patents per 100,000 population Patenting propensity or patents per capita measures the intensity of patenting activity. It is derived by dividing the number of patents granted with the population of an economy. Taiwan has overtaken Japan as the AP economy with highest patenting intensity. Although China and India have increased the absolute number of patents invented, patenting propensity normalized to population size remains among the lowest in the region. South Korea's patenting propensity has more than doubled from five years ago; from under 10 patents per 100,000 population in 2005 to 26 patents in Note: Excludes economies with fewer than 100 cumulative patents Source: wong et. al, Asia-Pacific Score-card 2010 Report 22

23 Technology Impact Index Australia Singapore India Japan Malaysia Taiwan New Zealand Thailand Hong Kong China South Korea The Technological Impact Index is a measure of the impact or influence of patents. Highly-cited patents (Top 5% most highly cited patents in each tech class) form the basis of the index. The Technology Impact Index has a base value of 1. Values of the index above 1 indicate that an economy s technological influence is strong relative to its contribution to patent output. In the five years up to 2010, Singapore was ranked second on the Technology Impact Index, after Australia India s Technological Impact has improved substantially, raising its ranking from 10 th to 3 rd Technology Impact Index (Base = 1) Note: Economies with fewer than 300 patents in the period are not ranked Source: wong et. al, Asia-Pacific Score-card 2010 Report 23

24 Current Impact Index (adapted from MIT TR and ipiq Patents Scorecard) Current Impact Index Rank in Asia Pacific Japan South Korea Taiwan Hong Kong Singapore Malaysia Thailand China India Australia New Zealand The Current Impact Index is measured by examining how often an economy s patents from the previous five years are cited as "prior art" in the current year's batch, compared to other economies. A value of 1.0 represents average citation frequency. Singapore had the strongest current impact in 2005 and India has made significant improvement in its current impact, rising from 9 th ranking to 2 nd. Source: wong et. al, Asia-Pacific Score-card 2010 Report 24

25 Selected Highlights of Research Findings From the Digital Convergence Study 25

26 Rapid growth in Software Patents granted by the USPTO since the early 1980s, much faster than total US patenting growth Software USPTO definition Software Arora et al definition Year of Grant Source: Wong et. al, Digital Convergence Report 26

27 US made the biggest gain, and Japan the biggest loss, in software patenting, among OECD & Asian economies, to Share of economy in World Total (%) Large OECD Other OECD Asia Software Patents Non SW ICT Patents All Patents (All Technologies) Change Change Change Canada France Germany Japan UK USA Australia Finland Israel Netherlands Sweden Switzerland China India South Korea Taiwan Note: Economy of invention based on residency of any one inventor. Patents with inventors from multiple economies will be counted in multiple cells Source: Wong et. al, Digital Convergence Report 27

28 Software Patenting in selected Asian Economies, Korea Taiwan India China Singapore Hong Kong Rapid growth in software patenting in non-japan Asia is driven by a few key economies: Korea & Taiwan from late 1990s / early 2000s China & India from 2005 onwards Korea is the regional leader, followed by Taiwan India has caught up to Taiwan in annual production of software patents, and China may follow suit in a few years Comparatively slower growth of software patents in Singapore & Hong Kong Note: Software patents are defined using USPTO (USPC 7XX) Definition Source: Wong et. al, Digital Convergence Report 28

29 OWNERSHIP OF SINGAPORE-INVENTED SOFTWARE PATENTS: TREND OVER TIME USPTO (USPC 7XX) Definition OECD (Arora et al) Definition FOREIGN 49.4% 61.9% 74.3% 61.4% 66.1% 71.0% Local subsidiary of Foreign Firm 1.1% 6.9% 10.2% 0.9% 6.3% Foreign company 48.3% 54.0% 63.1% 54.4% 64.2% 63.8% Foreign PRI/Government 0.2% Foreign University 1.1% 0.8% 7.0% 0.9% 0.9% LOCAL 43.7% 33.9% 23.0% 33.3% 29.4% 25.6% Local company 34.5% 20.6% 14.9% 28.1% 15.6% 12.9% Local PRI/Government 5.7% 7.9% 5.1% 3.5% 9.2% 8.0% Local University 3.4% 5.3% 2.9% 1.8% 4.6% 4.6% Unassigned / Individual 6.9% 4.2% 2.8% 5.3% 4.6% 3.4% Total 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% N Source: Wong et. al, Digital Convergence Report 29

30 Selected Highlights of Research Findings From the Patenting Portfolio Study 30

31 PATENT ANALYTICS - INDICATORS Portfolio Size Technology Influence Current Relevance Sciencerelated Content Breadth & Diversity Innovation Networks Co-patenting # of patents # of Forward Citations Technology Cycle Time Bibliographic Citations Ratio Technology Specialization Co-patenting with industry Growth of Portfolio Technology Impact Index (Highly Cited Patents) Current Impact Index Share of Science Based Patents Share of Complex Multi- Technology Patents International Linkages (Co-invention with overseas inventors) Source: Wong et.al. Patent Portfolio Benchmarking Report 31

32 CSIRO (Australia) Open to Joint Ownership Co-patenting Current Relevance Prioritize Science-related research Science-relatedness International Collaboration Internationalization Growth in Patent Stock Prioritize Quality Improvement Patent Complexity Patent Influence Diversification of Technologies Tech Specialization CSIRO Source: Wong et.al. Patent Portfolio Benchmarking Report 32

33 ITRI (Taiwan) Autonomous Control Co-patenting Current Relevance Prioritize research with high current relevance to industry Science relatedness Indigenous Resources Internationalization Growth in Patent Stock Prioritize Growth in Patenting Patent Complexity Specialization of Technologies Tech Specialization Patent Influence ITRI Source: Wong et.al. Patent Portfolio Benchmarking Report 33

34 KIST (South Korea) Autonomous Control Co-patenting Current Relevance Prioritize research with high current relevance to industry Science-relatedness Indigenous Resources Internationalization Growth in Patent Stock Prioritize Growth in Patenting Patent Complexity Patent Influence Specialization of Technologies Tech Specialization KIST Source: Wong et.al. Patent Portfolio Benchmarking Report 34

35 ASTAR (Singapore) Open to Joint Ownership Co-patenting Current Relevance Emphasize both Science-related research and research with high current relevance Science-relatedness International Collaboration Internationalization Patent Complexity Growth in Patent Stock Patent Influence Emphasize both Growth and Quality Improvement Diversification of Technologies Tech Specialization A-STAR Source: Wong et.al. Patent Portfolio Benchmarking Report 35

36 Difference Index (divergence of PRIs from group mean) Group Mean Other Patent Scorecard Dimensions ITRI A-STAR CSIRO Group Mean KIST Patent Quality and Impact Source: Wong et.al. Patent Portfolio Benchmarking Report 36

37 Thank You! 37