Lung Carcinomas New 2015 WHO Classification. Spasenija Savic Pathology
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1 Lung Carcinomas New 2015 WHO Classification Spasenija Savic Pathology
2 ***EXPECTED SPRING 2015*** This authoritative, concise reference book provides an international standard for oncologists and pathologists and will serve as an indispensable guide for use in the design of studies monitoring response to therapy and clinical outcome.
3 WHO Calssifications 1967 HE 1981 HE & Mucin 1999 HE, Mucin & IHC 2004 HE, Mucin, IHC & Genetics 2015 HE, Mucin, IHC, Genetics & Radiology for resections includes small specimens
4 Review all available tumor material Biopsy Cell block PAP
5 Small Samples: NSCLC Subtyping Established morphological criteria present: Glandular differentiation and/or mucin ADC Intercellular bridges and/or keratinization SCC
6 Small Samples: NSCLC Subtyping Established morphological criteria present: Glandular differentiation and/or mucin ADC Intercellular bridges and/or keratinization SCC Established morphological criteria absent do IHC
7 Small Samples: NSCLC Subtyping ADC: TTF1, Napsin Expression may be focal Coexpression with squamous markers possible SCC: p40, p63, CK 5/6 Expression diffuse TTF1 expression not allowed NSCLC, NOS note: possibly ADSC TTF1 and p40 expression in diff. cell populations
8 Small Samples: NSCLC Subtyping Established morphological criteria present: Glandular differentiation and/or mucin ADC Intercellular bridges and/or keratinization SCC Established morphological criteria absent do IHC: TTF1+ NSCLC, favor ADC p40+ NSCLC, favor SCC Inconclusieve NSCLC, NOS
9 Clinical Suspicion of Cancer Up-front: HE alcian blue-pas Unstained sections: IHC (cocktails) DNA extraction FISH 10% neutral buffered formalin Fixation time: 6-48 hours
10 Biopsy/Cytology Squamous cell carcinoma Adenocarcioma Large cell carcinoma Sarcomatoid carcinomas NSCLC-NOS ADC profile, NSCLC-NOS TTF1+, TTF1-, p40- SCC phenotype p40+ TTF1- Stage IV EGFR / KRAS / BRAF / HER2neu Gene sequencing ALK IHC ROS1 IHC DNA Sanger: NGS: 5 ng 10 ng SLPG 2014
11 Biopsy/Cytology Squamous cell carcinoma Adenocarcioma Large cell carcinoma Sarcomatoid carcinomas NSCLC-NOS ADC profile, NSCLC-NOS TTF1+, TTF1-, p40- SCC phenotype p40+ TTF1- Stage IV EGFR / KRAS / BRAF / HER2neu Gene sequencing ALK IHC ROS1 IHC negative 91% SLPG 2014
12 Biopsy/Cytology Squamous cell carcinoma Adenocarcioma Large cell carcinoma Sarcomatoid carcinomas NSCLC-NOS ADC profile, NSCLC-NOS TTF1+, TTF1-, p40- SCC phenotype p40+ TTF1- Stage IV EGFR / KRAS / BRAF / HER2neu Gene sequencing negative 57% ALK, ROS1 FISH ALK IHC ROS1 IHC negative negative RET, MET FISH SLPG 2014
13 Biopsy/Cytology Squamous cell carcinoma Adenocarcioma Large cell carcinoma Sarcomatoid carcinomas NSCLC-NOS ADC profile, NSCLC-NOS TTF1+, TTF1-, p40- SCC phenotype p40+ TTF1- Stage IV EGFR / KRAS / BRAF / HER2neu Gene sequencing ALK IHC ROS1 IHC negative positive 43% SLPG 2014
14 Biopsy/Cytology Squamous cell carcinoma Adenocarcioma Large cell carcinoma Sarcomatoid carcinomas NSCLC-NOS ADC profile, NSCLC-NOS TTF1+, TTF1-, p40- SCC phenotype p40+ TTF1- Stage IV EGFR / KRAS / BRAF / HER2neu Gene sequencing ALK IHC FISH ROS1 IHC positive 9% SLPG 2014
15 Biopsy/Cytology Squamous cell carcinoma Adenocarcioma Large cell carcinoma Sarcomatoid carcinomas NSCLC-NOS ADC profile, NSCLC-NOS TTF1+, TTF1-, p40- SCC phenotype p40+ TTF1- Stage IV EGFR / KRAS / BRAF / HER2neu Gene sequencing ALK IHC FISH ROS1 IHC positive 9% negative SLPG 2014
16 Resected Lung Carcinomas New classification of differentiated lung carcinomas ADC SCC New classification of undifferentiated lung carcinomas LCC
17 Adenocarcinoma 2004 WHO Mixed subtype >90% Acinar Papillary BAC Solid Variants No established grading criteria
18 Travis WD et al., JTO 2011;6 (2)
19 Adenocarcinoma 2004 WHO Mixed subtype Acinar Papillary BAC Solid Variants 2015 WHO Preinvasive lesions AAH AIS ( 3cm) ( 0.2%) Minimally invasive ADC (MIA) 3cm with 5mm invasion ( 3%) Invasive ADC G1: Lepidic ( 10%) G2: Acinar, papillary G3: Micropapillary, solid Variants
20 Spread Through Alveolar Spaces (STAS) Travis WD, ECC 2014
21 Minimally invasive Adenocarcinoma 3cm lepidic predominant ~ 100% disease-free survival 0.5cm invasion: invasive subtypes tumor cells infiltr. stroma Travis WD et al., JTO 2011;6 (2)
22 Minimally invasive Adenocarcinoma 3cm lepidic predominant 0.5cm invasion: invasive subtypes tumor cells infiltr. stroma no invasion of lymphatics, blood vessels or pleura, no tumor necrosis
23 2 cm
24 2 cm
25 2 cm Pleural invasion= Infiltration beyond elastic layer
26 2 cm Pleural invasion= Infiltration beyond elastic layer Lepidic predominant invasive ADC
27 Invasive Adenocarcinoma Acinar predominant Papillary predominant Micropapillary predominant Solid predominant with mucin
28 Radiologic-pathologic correlation In situ concept on CT measurment of tumor size: GGO vs Solid Ground galss nodule (AIS, MIA) watchful waiting limitted resection Solid nodule suspicious for invasive lung cancer WCLC 2011, Kavita Garg Travis WD et al., ECC 2014
29 Radiologic-pathologic correlation In situ concept on CT measurment of tumor size: GGO vs Solid Ground galss nodule (AIS, MIA) watchful waiting limitted resection Solid nodule suspicious for invasive lung cancer WCLC 2011, Kavita Garg Travis WD et al., ECC 2014
30 Radiologic-pathologic correlation In situ concept on CT measurment of tumor size: GGO vs Solid Ground galss nodule (AIS, MIA) watchful waiting limitted resection Solid nodule suspicious for invasive lung cancer WCLC 2011, Kavita Garg Travis WD et al., ECC 2014
31 Implications for TNM Staging AIS would be classified as Tis MIA would be classified as Tmi T factor size -change to invasive size?
32 Large Cell Carcinoma 2004 WHO LCC LCNEC Basaloid carcinoma Lymphoepithel.-like CA Clear cell CA Rhabdoid phenotype
33 Large Cell Carcinoma 2004 WHO LCC LCNEC Basaloid carcinoma Lymphoepithel.-like CA Clear cell CA Rhabdoid phenotype
34 Large Cell Carcinoma Redefined by Immunohistochemistry and Genomics ADC 55 % SCC 26 % Null 19 % Sholl L. Curr Opin Pulm Med. 2014;20(4)
35 Large Cell Carcinoma Redefined by Immunohistochemistry and Genomics n=62 n=20 n=20 Rekhtman N, Mod Pathol. 2013;26(4)
36 Large Cell Carcinoma 2004 WHO LCC LCNEC Basaloid carcinoma Lymphoepithel.-like CA LCC 2015 WHO Null-IHC features With no stains available TTF1+ solid ADC P40 + non-keratinizing SCC Clear cell CA Rhabdoid phenotype
37 Large Cell Carcinoma 2004 WHO 2015 WHO LCC LCNEC Basaloid carcinoma Lymphoepithel.-like CA Clear cell CA Rhabdoid phenotype LCC (mucin -, null-ihc) NE Tumors SCC Other carcinomas Cytol. pattern, not subtype Cytol. pattern, not subtype
38 Squamous Cell Carcinoma 2004 WHO 2015 WHO SCC Keratinizing Non-keratinizing (p40+/ttf1-) Basaloid CA (p40+/ttf1-)
39 Neuroendocrine Tumors 2004 WHO Carcinoid tumors Typical Carcinoid Atypical Carcinoid 2015 WHO Carcinoid tumors Typical Carcinoid Atypical Carcinoid SCLC Combined SCLC LCNEC Combined LCNEC
40 Summery Small samples Safe tissue for predictive markers ADC Defined by morphology or expression of pneumocytic markers SCC Defined by morphology or expression of squamous markers LCC Only on resections No squamous, adeno- or neuroendocr. diff. by morphol. and IHC
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