Action Against Hunger s Tool to Determine Where and When Nutritional Interventions are Needed in Times of Crises
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1 ACF Canada. Action Against Hunger s Tool to Determine Where and When Nutritional Interventions are Needed in Times of Crises Tracy McDonough, M.Sc. Human Nutrition & Nadia Browne, M.Sc. Human Nutrition School of Dietetics and Human Nutrition McGill University 17 October 2012
2 Malnutrition 1-4 Malnutrition Under-nutrition Over-nutrition Acute Malnutrition (wasting) Chronic Malnutrition (stunting) Moderate Acute Malnutrition (MAM) WHZ <-2 but >-3, without oedema Severe Acute Malnutrition (SAM) WHZ <-3, and/or oedema Global Acute Malnutrition (GAM) Sum of MAM and SAM prevalence
3 Malnutrition & Rising Food Prices 5 In response to rising global food prices, already-poor households are: Rationing and reducing food consumption Particularly staple foods Further restricting dietary diversity Food stocks and assets are depleted over time Greater probability of developing malnutrition in response to food price volatility
4 Action Against Hunger/Action contre la faim (ACF) Figure 1. ACF Headquarters Figure 2. ACF Country Offices
5 ACF Mandates Nutrition & Health Nutrition & Food Security Health Evaluate nutritional needs Treat acute malnutrition Prevent acute malnutrition Water, Sanitation Advocacy Build local capacity & Hygiene
6 Standardized Monitoring and Assessment of Relief and Transition (SMART) WHAT IS SMART? Standardized survey methodology initiated in 2002 to collect data on: Mortality rate of the population Nutritional status of children under-five WHO USES SMART RESULTS? Government Policy and program development Foreign aid organizations What and where resources are needed in a given emergency ACF Canada.
7 Standardized Monitoring and Assessment of Relief and Transition (SMART) 6 WHO DEVELOPED SMART? Initiated by USAID & CIDA Sustained by an interagency collaborative effort Developed by the TAG WHY WAS SMART DEVELOPED? Non standardization of methods For conducting nutrition and mortality surveys in emergency nutrition situations For the collection of timely, reliable and valid data ACF Canada.
8 SMART Training and Education Trained over 500 personnel in over 20 countries Regional training workshops 9-module course in a Standardized training package (STP) Theoretical and practical components ACF Canada. Written evaluations
9 SMART Training and Education Standardized Training Package 1. Overview of Nutrition & Mortality Surveys 2. Survey Teams 3. Sampling SMART Manual 4. Survey Field Procedures 5. Anthropometry Emergency Nutrition 6. Standardization Assessment (ENA) Test Software 7. Plausibility Check for Anthropometry 8. Mortality 9. Interpretation of Results & Reporting
10 The Future of SMART Continuing Education Online To increase the number of individuals, NGOs, and governments who conduct, validate and interpret standardized surveys Not a replacement for in-field and hands-on training Collaboration with universities to teach SMART methodology in class McGill Dietetics stage placement opportunity
11 Conclusion 7,8 SMART: Is a method of assessing nutritional status of a population using indicators of acute malnutrition Offers human and institutional resource strengthening Contributes to the global efforts to meet the MDG 1 Eradicate extreme hunger and poverty by 2015
12 References 1. UNICEF. Tracking Progress on Child and Maternal Nutrition: A survival and development priority Available at: 2. Bhutta Z. Addressing Severe Acute Malnutrition Where it Matters. Lancet, July 2009; 374(9684): UNICEF. Nutrition in Emergencies:: Section 2: Basic Concepts in Nutrition in Emergencies. Available at: 4. WHO. Malnutrition: Quantifying the health impact at national and local levels Available at: whqlibdoc.who.int/publications/2005/ pdf 5. Action Against Hunger. Feeding Hunger and Insecurity Report Available at: Insecutiy_Report-09.pdf 6. Spiegel PB, Salama P, Maloney S, van der Veen A. Quality of Malnutrition Assessment Surveys Conducted During Famine in Ethiopia. JAMA. 2004;292(5): doi: /jama Morris SS, Cogill B, Uauy R. Effective international action against undernutrition: why has it proven so difficult and what can be done to accelerate progress? Lancet, 16 February 2008; 371(9612): UN. Millenium Development Goals: Goal 4. Available at:
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