Regional air quality management in Japan and Tokyo Metropolitan

Transcription

1 Regional air quality management in Japan and Tokyo Metropolitan Hiroshi FUJITA Deputy director Air Environment Division Ministry of the Environment of Japan 1

2 1. Nationwide AQM 2

3 Air Pollution Control Act of 1968 Soot and Smoke SOx Soot and dust Soot and smoke emitting facilities Emission standards, order for improvement, total emission control of SOx, or NOx, etc. VOC Hazardous substances (NOx etc.) (Amended in 2004) VOC emitting facilities Best mix of voluntary efforts and emission standards, order for improvement, etc. Particulates General Particulates Designated Particulates (Asbestos) Hazardous air pollutants (HAPs) Measurement and Monitoring of Air Environment General Particulates emitting facilities (Amended in 1989) Designated particulates emitting facilities (Amended in 1996, 2005, and 2013) Building work etc. that emits designated particulates Compliance order for standards of structure, usage, and management Site boundary standards, order for improvement, etc. Having standards for building work etc., prior notification, etc. Voluntary efforts (e.g. PRTR), control standards, warnings, etc. 3

4 Role of the Central Government Legislation/Revision of Air Pollution Control Law Setting environmental quality standards of atmosphere Setting national emission standards Role of the Local Government Setting more stringent standards Air monitoring On-site inspection Technical guidance to business Responsibilities of business operators Provide information on information of facilities Measurement and record of the volume and concentration 4

5 Structure of Bag Filter Source: Hitachi Plant Construction, Ltd. 5

6 Regulation on sulphur content in diesel fuel 6

7 PM Vehicle Emission Standards from Diesel Vehicles 7

8 Measures based on Automobile NOx/PM Act <Target Regions> Measures for Metropolitan Areas particularly affected by Motor Vehicle Emissions Aichi/Mie area Osaka/Hyogo area Target Regions Tokyo metropolitan area <Outline of Vehicle Type Regulations> = Emission Regulations on Automobiles Already in Use (2001~) Targets:e.g. Truck, Bus, and Diesel Passenger Vehicles Automobiles in excess of the Regulated Value:may not register (can not be renewed at vehicle inspection) Sticker of Vehicles that comply with Automobile NOx/PM Act

9 Annual Emissions of Soot and Dust 9

10 Annual average concentrations of SPM and PM2.5 EQS for PM2.5 (annual average) 10

11 Comprehensive Efforts on PM2.5 (December 2013) Goal 1 To secure the safety and reassurance of our nation Improvement of forecast/prediction accuracy Issuance of alerts Goal 2 To achieve Environmental Quality Standards Goal 3 To share clean air among the whole Asian region Efforts Efforts Efforts Phenomenon clarification of PM 2.5 and Examination of reduction measures Promotion of regional activities Projects serving as a foundation for these efforts Maintenance of Source Information Clarification of Secondary Generation Mechanism Building of Simulation model Enhancement of environmental air quality monitoring Accumulation of knowledge on Health effects 11

12 2. Regional AQM (Diesel Emissions Control in Tokyo) 12

13 Summary of the Regulation: TMG Environmental Preservation Ordinance Date of application Substance controlled Target area October 1, 2003 Particulate matter (PM) emitted by diesel vehicles Tokyo Metropolitan area (Islands excluded) Banned The driving of diesel vehicles that do not comply with PM activity emission standards Target Trucks and vans, buses and special purpose vehicles vehicles (e.g., refrigerated trucks). * Passenger cars exempt. Grace period Seven years Designated device Penalties Vehicles are considered compliant if fitted with a PM reduction device designated by the governor. Business owners and the persons in charge of fleet operations are responsible. Violators are subject to fines of up to 500,000 yen and their names could be published. 13

14 On-road inspection Example of DPF structure Source: TMG Source: JAMA 14

15 PM Emissions in Tokyo 15

16 Annual Average Concentrations of SPM in Tokyo 16

17 3. International Cooperation 17

18 Efforts toward the Sharing of Clean Air in Asia Cooperation among Japan, China, and Korea Tripartite Policy Dialogue on Air Pollution WG1: Scientific Research on Prevention and Control WG2: Technology/Policy on Air Quality Monitoring and Prediction Bilateral Collaboration Cooperation with China Cooperation with Korea Cooperation with Asian Countries Collaboration with International Organizations Collaboration with the United Nations Environment Programme(UNEP) Collaboration with Clean Air Asia (CAA) 18

19 Framework of Inter-City Cooperation for Air Quality Improvement in China Provinces (Liaoning, Jiangsu, Hebei, Canton, Shanxi) Cities (Beijing, Tianjin, Shanghai, Shenyang, Wuhan, Handan, Xian, Xiamen, Chongqing, Zhuhai) (to be confirmed) Support each inter-city cooperation (arrangement, coordination, etc) Financial Management and execution (Examples of ways of cooperation) Training in Japan Dispatching experts Japan-China joint research Model project, etc Inter-City cooperation (Examples of areas of cooperation) VOC emission measures Vehicle emission measures (including off-road vehicles, etc) Dust pollution control measure of construction works Forecast and warning system Emission source analysis Monitoring, etc. Tokyo Metropolitan Government Prefectures (Saitama, Toyama, Nagano, Hyogo, Fukuoka) Cities (Kawasaki, Yokkaichi, Kobe, Kitakyushu) (Will increase in the future) Support each inter-city cooperation (arrangement, coordination, etc) Financial Management and execution Platform for Inter-City Cooperation (Supporting Japan-China inter-city cooperation with finance and technology) Guidance and support Guidance and support Provide finance CHINA(MEP) Intergovernmental coordination JAPAN(MOE) Overall coordination

20 JICA s Project for Air Pollution Control Technical Cooperation(TC):Since 1990, JICA has been supporting China to formulate systems and standards and develop human resources <On-going Projects> - The Project for Total Emission Control of Nitrogen Oxide in Atmosphere ( ) w/mep Total Emission Control Department, CAEP - The Project for Capacity Development of planning for pollution control of O3 and PM2.5 ( ) w/mep Prevention and Control Department, CRAES - The Project on Legal Development for Improvement of Market Economy and People s Wellbeing ( ) w/national People's Congress(NPC), the Standing Committee

21 JICA s New Technical Cooperation The Project for Environmental Friendly Society Building (2015-) Implementation:MEP Sino-Japan Friendship Center for Env. Protection Supervision:MEP Int. Cooperation Dep., Regional Env. Bureau Project Term: (5 years) Input:Dispatch Experts and Researchers, Training in Japan, Seminar, Policy Dialogue, etc. Contents -Extracting Air Pollution Control Cooperation as below; (1)Capacity Development for Air Quality Monitoring, Analysis, Evaluation (PM2.5, Heavy Metal, EC/OC, PAHs, VOC, etc.) (2)Development of VOC management approach for emission reduction (3)Introduction of Pollution Control Officers for Factories system (4)Promote Public Awareness Program (5)Capacity Dev. for Air Pollution Control in Regional Env. Bureau (6)Others(Env. Information Disclosure, Eco-Home Diagnosis, etc.)

22 Cooperation with Ministry of the Environment and UNEP/CAA on Air Pollution Control Measures in the Asian Region (July 2014) Collaborative Efforts with UNEP 1. Scientific Assessment on Air Pollution in the Asian Region The establishment of a scientific panel, consisting of prominent scientists, to enhance/ assess scientific knowledge on air pollution The collection/ analysis of each country s air quality management, and related policies The results of the assessment, or analysis, are regularly compiled in comprehensive reports on scientific knowledge and the policies progress 2. Joint Forum on Air Environment in the Asian Region The establishment of a joint forum to promote the collaboration of regional efforts The sharing of the current status on national, regional, and international efforts, and the latest scientific knowledge important for policies, with support from the scientific panel The promotion of new collaborations of regional activities and existing ones, by the identification of issues to be preferentially addressed among those on air pollution. Collaborative Efforts with CAA 1. Creation of Guidance Framework (draft) for a Clean Urban Air Environment The recommending of policies and measures, etc. aimed to be used in policy making/ implementation by cities in Asia. 2. Holding of Intergovernmental Meeting on Urban Air Environment The holding of discussions about cities or related organization s efforts, issues, and activities utilizing guidance, etc. 3. Capacity Building of Major Cities in Asia Using the Guidance Framework The implementation of on-site training, etc. 4. Technical Support on PM2.5 Monitoring The giving of support on various capacity building for the installation of devices, and the carrying out of monitoring

23 Acid Deposition Monitoring Network in East Asia (EANET) Russia Mongol China Japan (Establishment History) Due to the recent remarkable growth etc. of the East Asian region, the emission amount of air pollutants which cause acid deposition has been increasing, and, therefore, the serious impacts of this are a matter of concern. Regular Phase Activities started from January 2001 Myanmar Malaysia Laos Thailand Vietnam Cambodia Indonesia Korea Philippines (Objectives) To promote the creation of a common understanding on acid deposition problems in East Asia To provide basic input on policy decision-making towards acid deposition prevention measures To promote international cooperation on acid deposition problems in East Asia The next medium-term plan ( ) will be formulated in

24 Thank you for your attention. (