Digital Satellite Broadcasting and HDTV Services in Japan
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1 Digital Satellite Broadcasting and HDTV Services in Japan Masafumi Saito Science and Technical Research Laboratories NHK (Japan Broadcasting Corporation)
2 Contents Present situation of satellite broadcasting in Japan ISDB-S transmission system features system configuration service availability HDTV services by ISDB-S assessment results of picture quality Conclusions
3 History of Satellite Broadcasting in Japan May 1984: NHK started experimental broadcasting using BS-2a. Jun. 1989: NHK started regular service(ntsc) and experimental HDTV broadcasting using BS-2b. Apr. 1991: BS-3 was in use. JSB started pay TV service. Mar. 1996: Number of households that receive satellite broadcasting exceeded 10 million. Aug. 1997: BS-3 was replaced by BS4-1. Mar. 2000: Number of households that receive satellite broadcasting reached 14 million. Dec. 2000: Launch of digital satellite broadcasting using ISDB-S.
4 Outline Scenario for Digital Satellite Broadcasting A N A L O G NHK-1 BS3 NHK-2 JSB MUSE BS4-I FM - NTSC FM - NTSC FM - NTSC MUSE - HDTV BS5 SDTV x 3 HDTV BS4-II Simalcast channel D I G I T A L HDTV Radio&Data HDTV Digital HDTV/SDTV Digital HDTV/SDTV Radio&Data Digital HDTV/SDTV Year
5 Features of ISDB-S Large transmission capacity two HDTV programs in one satellite channel Hierarchical modulation minimum service available during heavy rain Operational flexibility mixed transmission of HDTV and SDTV independence between broadcasters who share one transponder Extensibility EPG, data broadcasting, downloading, etc.
6 Summary of the system characteristics Modulation scheme TC8PSK/QPSK/BPSK Raised cosine roll-off factor 0.35 square root Transmission symbol rate Mbaud Video coding MPEG-2 for 1080i for 480i for 480p Audio coding MPEG-2 AAC FEC (Outer code) Reed-Solomon (204,188) FEC (Inner code) Convolutional (constraint length k=7) Inner code ratio 1/2 for BPSK 1/2, 2/3,3/4, 5/6, 7/8 for QPSK 2/3 for TC8PSK Transport Layer MPEG-2 systems Packet size 188 bytes RF Bandwidth 34.5 MHz Payload Bit Rate 52 Mbps (max.)
7 Block Diagram of Channel Coding MPEG-TS #1 #2. Outer coding RS(204, 188) Main signal Frame structure Energy dispersal Control Data #1 #2 TMCC TMCC Outer Energy Inner encoding coding dispersal TDM coding. RS(64, 48) Convolutional Interleave Modulation Auxiliary Information Burst signal Additional encoding & channel coding Energy dispersal
8 Frame Structure and Transmission Signal Input TSs 188 bytes MPEG Packet #A MPEG Packet #B MPEG Packet #C Transmission signal MPEG sync Frame structure service A (high layer) service B (high layer) service B (high layer) service C (high layer) service A (low layer) service B (low layer) 204 bytes parity parity parity parity parity parity frame #8 1 frame = 48 slots 1 super frame = 8 frames TMCC slot #1 slot #1 slot #1 slot #48 TMCC slot #1 slot #1 slot #1 slot #1 slot #2 slot #48 frame #1
9 Transmission and Multiplexing Configuration Control (TMCC) TMCC carries: frame synchronization modulation scheme and coding rate applied to each slot TS identification for each slot emergency alert signal information about site-diversity operation, etc. TMCC is modulated with BPSK and coded with RS(64,48)
10 Service Availability of 12GHz Satellite Broadcasting Service Availability (% of hours in worst month) BPSK (r=1/2) QPSK (r=1/2) NTSC audio TC8PSK collapse Location = Tokyo Antenna = 45 cm Cumulative Shut-off Hours in worst month (hours) CNR (db)
11 Example of Hierarchical Transmission SOMY BS HiVision TC8PSK reception QPSK/BPSK reception
12 Penetration of HDTV Receivers in Japan (x1,000) Wide Screen TV with MUSE/NTSC Converter reached 934,000 at Aug ,000 at Aug HDTV Receiver
13 Relationship between viewing distance and required number of scanning lines Change of popular size of TV monitors in Japan Number of scanning lines invisible Line structure Line structure visible Viewing distance (x picture height) Popular size has become larger Viewing distance remains unchanged (about 2m) HDTV is suitable for the digital age
14 Subjective Assessment of HDTV Picture Quality Quality Degradation (DSCQS%) Original 18Mbps 22Mbps 16Mbps A B C D E F G H J K Test Sequence (coded by MP@HL)
15 Conclusions ISDB by satellite starts in December 2000 The ISDB-S system large transmission capacity of 52 Mbps/ch two HDTV programs can be transmitted robust transmission against heavy rain multiple modulation schemes and hierarchical transmission high operational flexibility independence between broadcasters who share one transponder HDTV services in Japan ISDB-S is expected to play a central roll on digital HDTV
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