New TV Technologies for Science Education. A.K. Bhatnagar Chief Engineer Doordarshan
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1 New TV Technologies for Science Education A.K. Bhatnagar Chief Engineer Doordarshan
2 Digital TV Delivery Platforms Digital Terrestrial TV Broadcasting Digital Cable TV IPTV Mobile TV DTH Satellite Digital Multimedia Broadcasting 2G/3G/MBMS (Multimedia Broadcast Multicast Service)
3 Spectrum for Digital TV Broadcasting Digital Broadcasting Service Broadcast Spectrum Amount (MHz) Digital Cable TV Not applicable (wired service) DTH `KU Band ( GHz) `K Band ( GHz) `Ka Band ( GHz) IPTV Not applicable (wired service)
4 Spectrum for Digital TV Broadcasting Digital Broadcasting Service Satellite Digital Multimedia Broadcasting Broadcast Spectrum (MHz) `L Band ( ) `S Band ( ) ( ) Amount (MHz) Digital Terrestrial TV Broadcasting (DTTB) / DVB-T Digital Mobile TV (DVB-H, MediaFlo, T-DMB, ISDB One SAG) VHF Band I (54 68) VHF Band III ( ) UHF Band IV ( ) UHF Band V ( ) VHF Band III ( ) UHF Band IV ( ) UHF Band V ( )
5 Superior Quality Special Features of Digital TV Broadcasting Transmission of several programmes from one transponder/transmitter DTH (10 to 14 TV channels) Digital Cable TV (10 to 14 TV channels) DTTB (5 TV channels) Mobile TV (30 TV channels) Multimedia broadcasting (TV, Radio, Data) Trade off between quality and number of channels (Dynamic allocation of bits among different channels) Digital Terrestrial Broadcasting designed for reception under fixed, portable and high speed mobile environment Sudden degradation of reception (against graceful degradation which happens in analog transmission) Planning of service for higher percentage of time availability (80%, 90%, 95%) Need for Gap fillers/repeaters Single Frequency Network possible
6 Digital Terrestrial TV Broadcasting (DTTB)
7 DTTB Competing Standards ATSC (Advanced Television Standard Committee) DVB-T (Digital Video Broadcasting- Terrestrial) ISDB-T (Integrated Services Digital Broadcasting)
8 DVB-T Developed in Europe DVB is a consortium of 230 broadcasters, network operators & regulatory bodies from 30 countries Family of Systems DVB-S, DVB-C, DVB-T, DVB-RCS, DVB-H etc. MPEG-2/MPEG-4 Video compression Multi-carrier OFDM Modulation
9 OFDM - A Multi Carrier approach Guard interval introduces a first loss in transport capacity
10 Spectrum Arrangement for Interleaved Multi- carrier Audio Signals using OFDM Technique Programme 1 Programme 2 Programme 3 Programme Frequency Frequency Block (Contains 1536 carriers) in a BW = 1.54 MHz
11 Distribution of the Modulated Symbols in Time & Frequency Domain in OFDM f = 1 ts Sub-channels ts Guard intervals f frequency Symbols T ts Time T ts = Useful Symbol Period = Guard Interval T = ts + = Total Symbol Period f = 1/fs = Sub-channel separation
12 Constellation M odulation cons tellations QPSK 16QA M QA M bits per carrier 4 bits per carrier 6 bits per carrier
13 Single Frequency Network (SFN) Wanted Unwanted 73 km Useful Duration (Tu) Guard Interval (Tg) Guard Interval (Tg) Maximum Distance Allowed = 73 km with Tg = 243 s OFDM Symbol Period
14 DTTB Content and Services Channel bandwidth can be used in different ways SDTV1 SDTV1 SDTV1 SDTV1 SDTV1 Multiple SDTV Programms HDTV1 Single HDTV Programme HDTV1 SDTV1 Simulcast HDTV & SDTV Programms
15 VHF or UHF S.No. Feature VHF Band ( MHz) UHF Band ( MHz) 1 Mobile Reception Good (+) Fair (-) 2 Propagation Loss Lower (+) Higher (-) 3 Antenna Gain Lower (-) Higher (+) 4 Size of Transmitting Antenna 5 Size of Receiving Antenna 6 Building Penetration Loss Higher (-) Lower (+) Higher (-) Lower (+) Lower (+) Higher (-) 7 Man made Noise Higher (-) Lower (+) 8 Losses due to Doppler Effect Lower (+) Higher (-)
16 MOBILE TV
17 Limitations of Cellular Mobile Technologies Although 3G is able to offer up to 2 Mbps bandwidth, the data rate for single user may not exceed 300 kbps This is because total bandwidth of a 3G cell is shared between all active users If large no. of users subscribe broadcast TV during a popular event, 3G network will choke Long video applications like broadcast TV which requires continuous high data rate (more than 300 kbps) are therefore unsuitable for delivery through 3G 3G is useful for individual delivery of medium size data such as web access, , Gaming, Video Clips, Video-on-Demand etc
18 Mobile TV Mobile TV Channels Mobile Broadcast Network Mobile Terminal High Power Transmitters, High Towers, SFN,VHF/UHF TV Bands Cellular Network For voice, web access, , game, video clips and Interactive TV, Billing, Customer care
19 Mobile TV - Convergence of Broadcasting & Cellular Mobile Service Multichannel TV/Radio/Data to mobile handsets will be provided in broadcasting mode by laying a separate terrestrial network High power transmitters (5 to 100 kw erp) and tall antennas (100 to 300 metres) will be deployeduhf band (470 to 806 MHz) will be assigned (Preferred band may be 470 to 720 MHz) Separate spectrum A separate license will be needed Service may be provided in Free to Air (FTA) mode as well as Pay (Subscription) mode Mobile handset will receive Mobile TV transmissions as well as work as a normal cellular phone. Contd...
20 Mobile TV - Convergence of Broadcasting & Cellular Mobile Service Contd. Mobile handsets will be individually addressable Integration of TV in mobile handsets will open large number of possibilities/value Added Services apart from Interactive TV Existing Cellular Mobile Networks will not be loaded since TV transmission will use separate infrastructure and spectrum However, consumers will be billed by a single company for both phones as well as TV services Similarly customer care centres will be common.
21 Mobile TV Technologies DVB-H (developed by DVB group, Europe) Media FLO (developed by Qualcomm, USA) T DMB ( developed in Korea ) ISDB-OneSEG (developed in Japan)
22 Aims of Mobile TV Technologies Suitable for small screen (low video resolution) handheld devices (e.g. mobiles, PDAs etc) Delivery of Multiple TV, Radio and Data Channels Low Battery Consumption (Typically 4 hours) Internal Antenna and light weight handset Unimpaired reception in fast moving vehicles Interactivity through 3G Seamless handover Spectrum efficient (SFN deployment) Both FTA and Pay TV options available
23 Principle of Time Slicing to Save battery Power Burst Duration Off-time 10% 90% Burst Size Constant Bitrate Burst Bitrate
24 Doordarshan s s DVB-H H Transmission Channel - 26 (UHF) Bandwidth - 8 MHz Max Data rate available MBPS Raw video Bit Rate/Channel kbps Raw Audio Bit Rate/Channel - 64 kbps Modulation - QPSK FEC - 3/4 Guard Interval - 1/8 No. of Sub-carriers - 8 K
25 Digital Cable TV
26 Digital Cable TV System Architecture Antenna System Satellite Head end Signal reception, processing & conditioning, encryption, subscriber management Distribution Plant Optical & RF Amplifiers, Traps and Trunk, Feeder& Drop Cables Digital Set Top Box (STB) De encryption
27 Why Digital? Using QAM 64 Modulation one can carry 38 Mbps of MPEG-2 video i.e TV Channels per 8 MHz RF carrier A 860 MHz Network can carry 1000 channels i.e. close to 4 5 Gbps of Video
28 Spectrum used in Cable TV S.No. Spectrum No. of Channels 1 Band I (47 to 103 MHz) 8 2 Midband (111 to 174 MHz) 9 3 Band III (174 to 230 MHz) 8 4 Superband (230 to 300 MHz) 10 5 Ext. Superband (302 to 446 MHz) 18 6 Band IV (470 to 606 MHz) 17 7 Band V (606 to 862 MHz) 32 Total = 102 Channels
29 Maximum Number of Analog Channels Supported Forward Bandwidth (MHz) Maximum number of channels
30 Typical Spectrum used in Cable TV Network (Diagram not to scale) Broadband/ Telephony Channels Analog TV Channels Broadband & telephony Channels Digital TV Channels 5 MHz 47 MHz 54 MHz 550 MHz 598 MHz 860 MHz Up Stream (Return Chnl) Down Stream (Forward Chnl) Service Provided : Analog TV, Digital TV, Broadband, Telephone (VOIP) NOTE : 1. Up stream channel bandwidth could be 0.8 MHz, 1.6 MHz, 3.2 MHz or 6.4 MHz 2. Down Stream channel bandwidth is 7 MHz between 54 MHz & 300 MHz and 8 MHz between 300 & 860 MHz 3. (a) Analog TV uses PAL B and G System (b) Digital TV uses DVB-C/ QAM-64 modulation (c) Broadband Down Stream uses QAM-256/ QAM-64 modulation (d) Broadband Up Stream uses QPSK/ QAM-16/ QAM-64 modulation
31 Internet Protocol Television ( IPTV )
32 Difference between Internet TV & IPTV Internet TV provides only low resolution poor quality video through public Internet IPTV is a robust platform which is capable of providing high resolution excellent quality video mostly over a managed IP network
33 Types of DSL Technologies Asymmetric DSL (ADSL) ADSL Light Rate-Adaptive DSL (RADSL) ADSL 2 ADSL 2+ High bit rate DSL (HDSL) Symmetric DSL (SDSL) Single-pair high speed DSL (SHDSL/HDSL2) Very High Data Rate DSL (VDSL) Other DSL Technologies: IDSL & VoDSL
34 Comparison of xdsl Technologies xdsl ADSL ADSL light Modulation Method QAM/CAP or DMT QAM/CAP or DMT Symmetric or Asymmetric POTS Support # of Twisted Pairs Maximum Reach (km) Maximum Bitrate Downstream Maximum Bitrate Upstream Asymmetric Yes Mbit/s 640 kbit/s Asymmetric Yes Mbit/s 512 kbit/s HDSL 2B1Q Symmetric No 1, 2, Mbit/s 2 Mbit/s SDSL 2B1Q Symmetric No Mbit/s 2.3 Mbit/s SHDSL PAM Symmetric No 1, Mbit/s 4 Mbit/s IDSL 2B1Q Symmetric No kbit/s 144 kbit/s VDSL QAM/CAP or DMT Asymmetric or Symmetric Yes Mbit/s 6 Mbit/s Contd...
35 Contd. Comparison of xdsl Technologies ADSL ADSL light HDSL SDSL SHDSL IDSL VDSL Distance from Exchange (km)
36 Data Capacity of xdsl and Fibre/ Ethernet ADSL : 1.5 to 6 Mbps VDSL : 13 to 55 Mbps Fibre : > 10 Mbps Depending on distance
37 Satellite Mobile TV Technologies
38 Satellite Mobile TV Technologies A dedicated satellite with high EIRP required Dense Terrestrial Transmitter network in S Band needed for indoor coverage Synchronization of terrestrial transmitters with direct satellite beam required Good for rapid deployment of service over large geographical area
39 Satellite Mobile TV S-DMB/MBCo Technologies (Korea / Japan) ICO (USA) ISRO (India) CMMB (China) Sirius Radio /XM Radio (USA) WorldSpace (International)
40 DVB-SH Systems A hybrid satellite/terrestrial system Designed to use frequencies below 3GHz. System and specifications have been published as ETSI standards. Successfully demonstrated by Alcatel at NAB, Las Vegas,08 DVB-SH Devices
41 Thank You A.K. Bhatnagar Chief Engineer Prasar Bharati Doordarshan Directorate New Delhi India
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