CONSTRUCTION MANAGEMENT

Transcription

1 CONSTRUCTION MANAGEMENT

2 Characteristic of Construction Industry One of the biggest sector as * total turnover is more than $3,9 trillion annually * 7 million employee (USA) Affects vast and different industries: * The concrete industry * The paint industry * The paving industry * The carpentry industry * The furniture industry * The electronics industry Engineers (Civil, Electrical, Mechanical, Surveyor ) Architects Building inspectors Project managers Quality managers Job site engineers/managers

3 Characteristic of Construction Industry Project-based operation & Unique characteristics * Products of construction are large in scale and varied in kind. * Construction projects require construction firms to set up temporary organizational structures at dispersed geographical locations, most often at a distance from central management. * Project teams are highly fragmented, with many disciplines coming together for just a single project. * Low investment in research and development. * Low investment in information technology. * Construction companies have very high turnover compared to their asset base, i.e. very high-budget construction projects can be completed with comparatively small amount of plant and machinery. * Compared to other sectors, profit in relation to turnover is low. * The use of hired plant is widespread, and the tendency is growing. Approximately 50-60% of site plant used on projects is hired. * Cyclical fluctuations in the volume of work.

4 Characteristic of Construction Industry Project-based operation & Unique characteristics As terms of human resources, * Labor intensive work * High degree of labor mobility * Low investment in skills training The business of construction is typically characterized by: * Public sector is a much more important client than in most other sectors * Contracts are based on relationships where the project participants constantly oppose each other instead of cooperating and sharing joint objectives. * Tendency to competition on price alone * Cash flow dominates behaviour ( cash is king ) * Reliance on credit and retention

5 Products of Construction Industry Residential building Commercial building Heavy civil construction Industrial construction Environmental construction

6 Products of Construction Industry Residential building: * Individual homes, apartments, townhouses, and prefabricated units such as modular and manufactured homes * funded by private individuals ordevelopers for their own use or for sale Commercial building: * Banks, schools, office buildings, hotels, shopping malls, religious facilities, stadiums, theatres, universities, amusement parks, hospitals, courthouses, government buildings, and other facilities where people gather. * funded by corporations, agencies, or the government.

7 Products of Construction Industry Heavy civil construction: * roadways, bridges, tunnels, dams, airports, and railways. * publicly funded jobs and the least affected by economical fluctuations Industrial construction: * Manufacturing plants, electrical generating facilities, oil refineries, pipelines, and chemical processing plants * funded by private sources or state and the contract amounts are generally large.

8 Products of Construction Industry Environmental construction: * clean water, sanitary sewers, and waste management. * funded by state and municipality

9 Construction Industry in Turkey It constitutes 6% of GDP and employing approximately 1.8 million people. Turkish contractors are working in over 100 countries, realizing around 7000 projects. The share of the construction sector in the Turkish economy reaches 30% when direct and indirect impacts on other sectors are considered.

10 Construction Industry in Turkey Clients: * Public sector (kamu kesimi) * Government budget organizatons (genel bütçeye dahil kurumlar) * Government and private budget organization (karma bütçeli kurumlar) * Special administrations (özel idareler) * Municipalities (belediyeler) * State economic enterprises (iktisadi devlet teşekkülleri) * Private sector (özel kesim): individual and enterprises (özel kişi ve teşebbüsler) * Construction cooperatives (yapi kooperatifleri)

11 Construction Industry in Turkey

12 What is Construction Management? Video:

13 What is Construction Management?

14 What is Construction Management? CM entails the planning, scheduling, evaluation, and controlling of construction tasks or activities to accomplish specific objectives by effectively allocating and utilizing appropriate labour, material, and time resources in a manner that minimizes costs and maximizes customer/owner satisfaction. Construction Management or Construction Project Management is the overall planning, coordination, and control of a project from beginning to completion

15 What is Construction Management? Estimating the project Administering the contract Managing job site and construction operations Planning and scheduling the project Monitoring project performance Managing project quality Managing project safety Assessing project risks

16 Estimating the project Cost is one of the major factors or values of the construction projects. Estimating is probably one of the most important construction management functions. Estimating entails the calculation and pricing of all materials, equipment, and man-hours needed to complete the work. We use estimating to get the work and also to help us keep score. In other words, we constantly compare the actual cost of the project with the estimated cost of the project and monitor any discrepancies. Significant variances are often the first sign of trouble, and a good Project manager takes immediate steps to determine the cause and mitigate the problem

17 Administering the contract Contract administration (or project administration) is all about the red tape and paperwork associated with a construction project. Reports, submittals, shop drawings, time cards, payroll records, change orders, inspection records, other documents must be processed in order to manage a project as complex and expensive as a building, bridge, or highway. Basically, project administration deals with managing all the business affairs related to the contract parties and their obligations. This function usually requires the effort of many different construction management personnel and is vitally important when it comes to doing the work and keeping score relative to the targets for cost, time, and quality.

18 Managing Job Site and Construction Operations This is where all the action happens and we get to build something! This function considers every detail associated with the logistics of actually doing the work and getting it done. Activities and needs linked with workers doing their jobs: Tools, equipment, traffic, parking, deliveries, storage, security, communications, signage, safety, trash, drinking water, lunch breaks, and so on. It includes everything right down to when to deliver and where to place the portable toilet! These may be things that you have never thought of before relative to the construction project. But all of these things must be planned, organized, managed, and controlled on the job site in order for the construction to move forward in the most productive manner.

19 Planning and scheduling the project Project planning is a critical component for the successful completion of any type of building or structure. Planning is about organizing the activities that have to take place in a logical sequence in order to get the project from the ground-breaking phase (or earlier) to the occupancy phase, where the completed project can be used for its intended purpose. Scheduling introduces real time into the plan and is the tool used to communicate the scheme to all parties associated with the project. This function is all about doing the work as planned within a defined time span as well as helping keep score. The schedule is monitored and adjusted throughout the process.

20 Monitoring project performance This is really one of the primary keeping score functions of construction management. There are two key components to controlling project performance: cost and time. Controlling is the process of measuring, monitoring, and comparing actual efforts with estimated inputs and adjusting the plan accordingly to get the project back on track for completion as intended. Estimates and schedules are the tools used to examine this progress.

21 Managing project quality The quality standards on any project are established in the plans and specs prepared by the designer. Within these documents, specific measurable conditions are given. Dimensions, tolerances, test results, temperatures, and so on. It is the contractor s responsibility to see that all such quality standards are met and verified. For the builder to accomplish this goal, they must organize, institute, and adhere to a quality control plan. The quality control plan usually consists of a number of inspections, field tests, lab tests, and observations. It is very important that the contractor be able to document and report satisfactory compliance because only after the standards have been met will the owner accept the work and release payment.

22 Managing project safety The ability to do work on a construction site is directly related to safe surroundings. Every construction manager is responsible for creating and maintaining a safe working environment. This function cannot be taken lightly. People get hurt and can even lose their lives on construction projects. This function, by necessity, must be a priority on every project regardless of size. The personal and economic costs associated with accidents, injuries, and deaths on the job site are clearly avoidable, and a proactive, rigorous approach to safety planning and management is one of the most important construction management goals.

23 Assessing project risks Construction is a very risky business, for both the owner and the contractor. That s why an owner hires a contractor to begin with to shift the risks for the construction cost, time, quality, and safety to someone trained to manage them. Once the risks are identified, understood, and analysed, proper allocations can be made for reasonable schedules, estimates, and management plans.

24 CM Job Descriptions Field engineer (Entry-Level) : project layout and dimensional accuracy of the project, interpretation of the project plans and specifications, communication with the crafts, people and subcontractors, job wide safety, production of detailed concrete form work drawings for field use, and tracking and reporting of daily job production Office engineer (Entry Level): procurement and timely delivery of materials to the project, review of shop drawings, processing of material submittals and requests for information, and assisting the project engineer. Quantity surveyor : estimating quantities of building materials, doors, and windows, as well as miscellaneous finishes. Project engineer: coordinates all shop drawings, reviews submittals, expedites deliveries, oversees project cost accounting, and processes owner and subcontractor billings.

25 CM Job Descriptions Area superintendent: entail safety compliance, craft supervision and production, subcontractor coordination, scheduling, material handling, daily reports, quality control, and craft training. Project superintendent: concentrates most of their time on the daily and shortrange direction of the project. Project manager: long-term planning, scheduling, and identifying and resolving possible roadblocks and pitfalls prior to their having an impact on the project

26 CM Job Descriptions Estimator: This position is acquired after valuable years of field experience. The estimator is part of a project s estimating team and may be responsible for advanced quantity surveys of selfperformed work such as concrete and carpentry work along with quantification of select subcontractor trades. Lead estimator: Lead estimators work as members of the bid team on large, complex projects or may be in charge of small to medium-sized projects in a support role. Lead estimators are responsible for the survey and pricing of complex self-performed work Senior estimator: The senior estimator reports to the chief estimator. The senior estimator is in charge of procuring an entire project. Chief estimator: identifying and tracking leads for future projects and deciding which projects to pursue. The chief estimator is also responsible for reviewing all estimates.

27 CM Job Descriptions

28 What is a Project? A project is a temporary endeavor undertaken to create a unique project, product or service. A project is a temporary sequence of unique, complex, and connected activities having one goal or purpose and that must be completed by specific time, within budget, and according to specification Keywords: Temporary, Unique, Purpose, Time and Budget

29 What is a Project? Temporary means that every project has a definite begining and a definite end. (Not means short time in duration) Unique means that the product or service is different in some distinguishing way from all other products or services.

30 What is a Project? Projects are undertaken all levels of organization. -Projects may involve a single person or many thousands -Projects duration ranges from a few weeks to more than five years. -Projects may involve a singe unit of one organization or may cross organizational boundaries.

31 What is a Project? Scope Time The area of this triangle is our project. Budget We have time limitation, budget limitation and scope limitaion.

32 What is a Project? A project can create: -A product that can be either a component of another item or an item in itself -A capability to perform a service (e.g a business function that supports production or distribution) -A result such as an outcome or document (e.g. research project that develops knowledge that can be used to determine whether a trend is present or a new process will benefit society.)

33 What is a Project? Project Definitive beginig and end Temporaray in nature Produce a unique product or service Resources are dedicated to the project Ending is determined by a specific criteria Ongoing Operations No definitive begining and end Ongoing Produce the same product or service over and over Resources are dedicated to operation Process are not completed