Incorporating Innovative Materials for Seismic Resilient Bridge Columns
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1 Incorporating Innovative Materials for Seismic Resilient Bridge Columns WSDOT Including Contributions from: Dr. M. Saiid Saiidi University Nevada, Reno Brain Nakashoji University Nevada, Reno
2 Presentation Outline Current Seismic Bridge Design Philosophy Improving Seismic Bridge Design with Innovative Materials Examples of Research Results Implementation into SR 99 Bridge
3 Current Seismic Design Philosophy Primary Seismic Performance Objective: Collapse Prevention Failure
4 Current Seismic Design Philosophy Failure Photo: H.G. Wilshire, U.S.G.S.
5 Current Seismic Design Philosophy Failure Photo: Caltrans
6 Current Seismic Design Philosophy Success
7 Current Seismic Design Philosophy May result in bridge closures Excessive column damage Excessive lateral deflection Limited access; may or may not allow even emergency response vehicles Extensive Repairs Patching of spalled concrete Shoring of spans Replacement Disrupts public transportation Major economic impact
8 Improve Seismic Design Performance Based Design Keep bridges operational Minimize repair need Minimize residual drift Reduce damage to plastic hinges Keep an energy dissipating system
9 Innovative Materials Superelastic Nickel-Titanium Shape Memory Alloy (SMA) Bars Engineered Cementitious Composites (ECC)
10 Innovative Materials SMA Superelastic Nickel-Titanium Shape Memory Alloy (SMA) Bars Reduce residual displacements Steel Ni-Ti
11 Innovative Materials ECC Engineered Cementitious Composites (ECC) Reduce damage to hinge Tensile Stress (psi) Tensile Stress (MPa) Strain (%) 0
12 Innovative Materials Bridge Research ¼ Scale, 4 Span Bridge, Total Length=110ft Innovative Materials in Bottom Plastic Hinges Conventional RC in Top Plastic Hinges
13 SR 99 South Access NB Off Ramp
14 Innovative Materials Bridge Research Residual After 10% Drift Conventional SMA/Conc. SMA/ECC
15 Innovative Materials Bridge Research SR99-RC: Conventional RC Reference Model SR99-LSE: Long SMAwith ECCColumn SR99-SSE: Short SMA with ECC Column
16 Innovative Materials Bridge Research Three -0.3 Scale Columns 2 Incorporating SMAand ECC 1 Conventional RC 62 in clear height 18 in x 18 in cross section Reversed cyclic loading
17 Innovative Materials Bridge Research Damage at End of Testing SR99-RC (8% Drift) SR99-LSE (12% Drift) SR99-SSE (10% Drift)
18 Innovative Materials Bridge Research
19 Innovative Materials Bridge Research Residual Drift (%) Measured Residual Drift Ratios SR99-RC SR99-LSE SR99-SSE Drift (%)
20 Innovative Materials Bridge Research Base Shear (kips) Measured Force-Displacement Envelopes SR99-RC (Modified Force) SR99-SSE SR99-LSE Drift (%)
21 SR 99 South Access NB Off Ramp SR 99 SB SR 99 NB NB-ON
22 SR 99 South Access NB Off Ramp
23 SR 99 South Access NB Off Ramp Alaska Way Viaduct Replacement, Seattle, WA Three Spans (110ft; 180ft, 110ft) Precast Post-Tensioned Splice Tub Girder Single Column Piers Square Columns (5ft x 5ft) w/ Circular Core ECCFull Length of Column
24 SR 99 South Access NB Off Ramp Limitation of research funding Shape Memory Alloy used in hinges at top of column Approximately 50 ft. liquefiable soil below existing ground line Ductility demand is greatest at the top of the column
25 SR 99 South Access NB Off Ramp Strength Limit State dictates column design Modulus of Elasticity, E SMA = 5,000 ksi 10,000 9,000 8,000 7,000 Moment-Curvature for Longit. Reinf. = 1.06% Moment (kip-ft) 6,000 5,000 4,000 3,000 ASTM A706 Modeled (Bottom of Column) ASTM A706 Bi-linear Idealization SMA Modeled (Top of Column) SMA Bi-linear Idealization 2,000 1, Curvature
26 SR 99 South Access NB Off Ramp Challenges with including SMA and ECC in this project Cost ASTM A706 = $1 / lb. (installed) SMA = $92 / lb. (delivered) Schedule 6 month delivery, not including process to head bar for mechanical splice Mechanical splice required in hinge region
27 SR 99 South Access NB Off Ramp Questions?
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