Abdominal Ultrasound

Transcription

1 MODULE DESCRIPTOR MODULE TITLE Module Code Abdominal Ultrasound L Level M (7) Credit Points 15 Indicative Assessment Components & Percentage Weightings Pre-Requisite Modules (if applicable) Delivered according to Standard Academic Calendar YES 100% CW Two assessment tasks - Written assignment based on a clinical scenario 100% CBA pass/fail Long: 2 semesters YES Short: 1 semester Other delivery pattern: Please specify 1 MODULE AIMS This module aims to provide the theoretical underpinning to support and compliment the practical training required to produce a competent sonographer in general and. It also aims to develop an understanding of the role of ultrasound in response to the clinical request and its influence on patient management in both the adult and child. Further aims are to enable the exploration of the role of ultrasound in comparison to other imaging techniques and investigative procedures that may be required to assist diagnosis; evaluation of the developing role of ultrasound as a screening tool in the abdomen. 2 MODULE LEARNING OUTCOMES BY THE END OF THE MODULE YOU WILL BE ABLE TO Critically discuss the value of ultrasound, including its limitations, in the assessment of the adult and paediatric abdomen; critically evaluate the role of ultrasound in the demonstration of normal abdominal anatomy and abdominal pathology; Justify the use of modalities; Critically evaluate the extended role of the sonographer in abdominal ultrasound considering the use of guidelines/reporting schedules; Critically analyse ethical issues in ; Critically evaluate advances in ultrasound practice and their impact on service delivery

2 3 INDICATIVE LEARNING, TEACHING AND ASSESSMENT ACTIVITIES This module is delivered using a variety of methods. The formal lecture programme includes expert input from clinical specialists. Group discussions and student presentations feature prominently including reporting sessions and problem solving exercises. The multi disciplinary nature of the student cohort is used to advantage in that students are encouraged to actively participate through group discussion, sharing experience through practice in a range of ultrasound disciplines. This activity facilitates reflection and exchange of different practices, perspectives and current literature on the same topics, for example, the limitations of ultrasound imaging. Workshops provide an environment for learning and debate on current issues, including role development in ultrasound. Practical sessions on volunteer models are used to demonstrate anatomy and techniques for examination. Consent in writing as per University agreed protocols is required for each subject volunteering as a model. The assessment strategy includes a 3000 word written assignment which is scenario based and 3 CBA tests, which are undertaken during delivery of the module. These will be pass/fail assessment tasks although the student can make several attempts to pass this assessment task. Timely feedback is made available to the students via the blackboard site supporting the CBA tests.. 4 INDICATIVE MODULE CONTENTS / TOPICS Anatomy and physiology of the major organs systems in the abdomen and pelvis. Cross sectional anatomy. Abdominal pathology. Normal sonographic appearances of the abdomen and comparison between the adult, neonate and paediatric patient. Disease processes. Sonographic demonstration of abnormal appearances and pathology in the abdomen. Management of the acute abdomen. Invasive procedures for diagnosis. Complimentary and alternative imaging modalities. Differential diagnosis and report writing. The role of Doppler and Colour Doppler in the abdomen. Guidelines for. Professional issues in and occupational standards. Health screening programmes and the role of ultrasound. Bowel, bladder, prostate and an overview of additional techniques. Small parts including testes and thyroid.

3 FURTHER INFORMATION ABOUT THIS MODULE FURTHER / ADDITIONAL INFORMATION IS AVAILABLE TO SUPPORT THIS MODULE, INCLUDING ASSESSMENT CRITERIA DETAILING HOW YOUR PERFORMANCE IN THE MODULE WILL BE MEASURED, HOW YOU WILL RECEIVE FEEDBACK, DETAILS OF LEARNING RESOURCES AND KEY READINGS THIS INFORMATION CAN BE FOUND IN Module description materials. Assessment briefs. Blackboard NOTE THAT THIS ADDITIONAL INFORMATION MAY BE SUBJECT TO CHANGE FROM YEAR TO YEAR Additional information Students can choose to take this module in either a year 1 or year. It is delivered across both semesters. The student will be given tasks to complete between sessions encouraging the student to be an autonomous learner. The module will be supported by Blackboard facilitating discussion forums for the students to share best practice and knowledge. The module will ensure the student has a depth and range of knowledge in which can then be applied to practice. Example of assessment - The assessment for this module will consist of one component, a written assignment of maximum length 3,000 words. Timely feedback is given to each student. Example assignment titles would be - 1. 'A 25 year old gentleman is referred for ultrasound examination of the upper abdomen. He was admitted complaining of central abdominal pain, a lack of appetite and episodes of nausea. He has a history of alcohol abuse and the referring clinician suspects pancreatitis. Biochemical tests have been performed but results are not yet available. Discuss the possible sonographic features that you might demonstrate in the presence of this clinical history and the likely implications for future management of this patient.'

4 2. 'A 55 year old woman is referred for ultrasound examination of the upper abdomen. She has been recently diagnosed with breast cancer following a routine screening check. She has no abdominal symptoms and no palpable abdominal masses. Biochemical tests have been performed and LFTs are reported as deranged. Discuss the possible sonographic features that you might demonstrate in the presence of this clinical history and the likely implications for future management of this patient.' MODULE SPECIFIC ASSESSMENT CRITERIA Please see the detailed assessment criteria grid following this module description. READING LIST AND RESOURCES ABDOMINAL Bates, J.A., (2004) Abdominal Ultrasound How Why and When. Edinburgh: Churchill Livingstone. Bisset, R., and Khan, A., (1997) Differential Diagnosis in Abdominal Ultrasound. 3 rd Edition, Bailliere Tindall. Cosgrove D. Meire H, Dewbury K, (2001) 2 nd Edition Abdominal and General Ultrasound Churchill Livingstone Vol I & 2 Goldberg, B.B., (1993) Textbook of Abdominal Ultrasound. London: Williams & Wilkins. Hickey, J., Goldberg, F. (1999) Ultrasound Review of the Abdomen, Male Pelvis & Small Parts Lippincott. Javitt et al. (1990), Imaging of the Pelvis. Magnetic Resonance Imaging with Correlations to Computed Tomography and Ultrasound. Little Brown Kawamura, D M (Ed.) (1997) Abdomen and Superficial Structures. Kurjak, A and Kupesic, S (2000) Clinical Application of 3D Sonography. Parthenon Kurtz & Goldberg, (1988), Gastrointestinal Ultrasound, Churchill Livingstone Maconi, G. & Porro, G.B. (2007) Ultrasound of the Gastrointestinal Tract: Procedures & New Technological Developments (Medical Radiology). O'Neill, C.W. (2001) Atlas of Renal Ultrasonography. W.B. Saunders. Sanders R, (2000). Clinical Sonography (3 rd Ed). Little Brown and Company Stocksley, M., (2001) Abdominal Ultrasound. London: Greenwich Medical Media Ltd.

5 PROFESSIONAL ISSUES Clarke, R., (1998) Critical Reading for the Reflective Practitioner: A Practical Guide. Oxford: Butterworth Heinmann. College of Radiographers (1999) Occupational Standards for Diagnostic Ultrasound: An abridged Version. London: College of Radiographers. Education Committee, United Kingdom Association of Sonographers (2001) Guidelines for Professional Working Standards Ultrasound, 2 nd edition. London: UKAS. Godwin, R., de Lacey, G. and Manhire, A. (1996) Clinical Audit in Radiology Recipes. London: Royal College of Radiologists. Kember, D. et al (2001) Reflective Teaching and Learning in the Health Professions. Oxford: Blackwell Science. 1.1 GENERAL MEDICAL Baxter, Allen & Murray (1999), Clinical Diagnostic Ultrasound, Blackwell Dogra, V. and Rubens, D.J. (2004) Ultrasound Secrets. Pennsylvania: Hanley & Belfus. Hagan-Ansert (1990), Textbook of Diagnostic Ultrasonography, Mosby Henningsen C, (2004) Clinical Guide to Ultrasonography, Mosby-Year Book McCance, K.L. and Huether, S.E. (2002) Pathophysiology: The Biologic Basis for Disease in Adults & Children, 4 th edition. St Louis: Mosby. Meire, Cosgrove et al., (1993), Clinical Sonography (vol 4), Churchill Livingstone Meire, H, Farrant, P (1995), Basic Ultrasound, Willey Meire, H., Cosgrove, D., Dewbury, Wilde, (2000) Abdominal & General Ultrasound - Volumes 1 & 2: 2 nd edition. Edinburgh: Churchill Livingstone Middleton W, Kurtz A, Hertzberg B (2004) Ultrasound, the requisites, 2 nd edition, Mosby. Moore, K,L. (2005) Clinically Oriented Anatomy. Baltimore: Lippincott, Williams & Wilkins. Rumack, C.M., Wilson, S.R., Charboneau, J.W. (1998) Diagnostic Ultrasound, 2nd Edition, Mosby. Rifkin M, Waldroup L, (2001) Pocket Atlas of normal Ultrasound anatomy, 2 nd edition, Lippincott, Williams & Wilkins Saunders R. (1998) Clinical Sonography, a practical guide, Little Brown & Co, Boston Sidhu PS, Chong WK. (2004) Normal measurement in Ultrasound, Hodder Arnold. Tortora G, Anagnostakos (1990) Principles of Anatomy and Physiology, 6 th Edition, Harper & Row Wells, P. (1993) Advances in Ultrasound Techniques and Instrumentation London: Churchill Livingstone Williamson M R, (1997), Essentials of Ultrasound, Saunders

6 OTHER Baxter G & Sidhu P,( 2005),Ultrasound of the Genito Urinary Tract, Springer Verlag Bruneton (Ed) Applications of Sonography in Head and Neck Pathology ISBN Bismuth H, Castaing D & Kunstlinger F, (1991), Text and Atlas of Liver Ultrasound, Chapman Hall Bowra, J. & McLaughlin, R. (2006) Emergency Ultrasound Made Easy. de Bruyn R, (2005) Paediatric Ultrasound: How, Why and When, Churchill Livingstone Evans, R, Ahuja, A. (1999) Practical Head and Neck Ultrasound Greenwich Medical Media. Heller M, (1995), Ultrasound in Emergency Medicine, Saunders Riffin and Cochlin Imaging of The Scrotum and Penis ISBN JOURNALS Journal of Clinical Ultrasound Journal of Radiology BMUS WEBSITES auntminnie.com bmj bmus.org emedicine.com

7 Detailed Assessment Criteria for Abdominal Ultrasound (level M) 39 or less Learning outcome Critically discuss the value of ultrasound and its limitations in the assessment of the adult and paediatric abdomen. Critically evaluate the role of ultrasound in the demonstration of normal abdominal anatomy and abdominal pathology. Justify the use of compared to other imaging modalities Little or uninformed critical discussion of the value of ultrasound and its limitations in the assessment of the adult and paediatric abdomen as modalities. Little or uninformed critical evaluation of the role of ultrasound in the demonstration of normal abdominal anatomy and abdominal pathology. Little or uninformed justification of the use of modalities. Some critical discussion of the value of ultrasound and its limitations in the assessment of the adult and paediatric abdomen as modalities with one or two inaccuracies. Some critical evaluation of the role of ultrasound in the demonstration of normal abdominal anatomy and abdominal pathology with one or two inaccuracies Some justification of the use of abdominal ultrasound compared to other imaging modalities with one or two inaccuracies. discussion of the value of ultrasound and its limitations in the assessment of the adult and paediatric abdomen as modalities with few inaccuracies. Some benefits and limitations are identified. evaluation of the role of ultrasound in the demonstration of normal abdominal anatomy and abdominal pathology with minor inaccuracies Clear and informed justification of the use of modalities with minor inaccuracies. discussion of the value of ultrasound and its limitations in the assessment of the adult and paediatric abdomen as compared to other imaging modalities with no inaccuracies Main benefits and limitations are identified. evaluation of the role of ultrasound in the demonstration of normal abdominal anatomy and abdominal pathology with no inaccuracies Clear and informed justification of the use of modalities with no inaccuracies. Critical discussion of the valu ultrasound and its limitations the assessment of the adult paediatric abdomen as compa to other imaging modalities w no accuracies Main benefits and limitations fully evaluated. Critical evaluation of the role ultrasound in the demonstra of normal abdominal anato and abdominal pathology with inaccuracies Critical justification of the us compa to other imaging modalities w no inaccuracies.

8 Detailed Assessment Criteria for Abdominal Ultrasound (level M) 39 or less Learning outcome Critically evaluate the extent of the role of the sonographer in considering the use of guidelines/reporting schedules Critically analyse ethical issues in. Selection and use of material to support statements and judgements. Little or uninformed critical evaluation of the extent of role of the sonographer in considering the use of guidelines/reporting schedules. Little or uninformed critical analysis of the ethical issues in Limited bibliography. Unidentified material or irrelevant material is included. Judgements are ill-supported. Some critical discussion of the extent of role of the sonographer in considering the use of guidelines/reporting schedules with one or two inaccuracies Some critical analysis of ethical issues in with one or two inaccuracies Some relevant material is used to support and illustrate statements and judgements but from limited sources. Clear and informed critical evaluation of the extent of the role of the sonographer in abdominal ultrasound considering the use of guidelines/reporting schedules with minor inaccuracies. Clear statements showing criteria used for evaluation. Clear and informed critical analysis of ethical issues in abdominal ultrasound with minor inaccuracies Relevant material from differing sources is used to support and illustrate statements judgements.. and evaluation of the extent of the role of the sonographer in considering the use of guidelines/reporting schedules with no inaccuracies. Clear statements showing criteria used for evaluation. analysis of ethical issues in with no inaccuracies Comprehensive bibliography. Relevant material is used effectively to support claims and illustrate points. Sources are evaluated. Critical evaluation of the role of the extent sonographer in consideri use of guidelines/reporting schedules wit inaccuracies. Justification of criteria use evaluation. Critical analysis of ethical issues in abd ultrasound with no inaccuracies Highly relevant material from a wide range of di sources is used effectively to support statemen judgements. Sources are evaluated. There is evide original thought and ideas.

9 Detailed Assessment Criteria for Abdominal Ultrasound (level M) 39 or less Learning outcome Standard of written style Confusing written style which is difficult to understand, lacking fluency. Inaccurate spelling, grammar, punctuation, and or/ referencing. Generally understandable with generally accurate spelling, grammar, punctuation and referencing. Easily understandable. Accurate spelling, grammar, punctuation and referencing. Clear and fluent written style, to a publishable standard. Accurate spelling, grammar, punctuation and referencing. Fluent writing style with effective use of language and style. No spelling, grammar, punctuation and referencing errors.

10 FINAL TASK According to the Assessment Strategy shown in the Module Descriptor, which task will be the LAST TASK to be taken or handed-in? (Give task number as shown in the Assessment Strategy) MODULE REFERRAL STRATEGY Task for Task (as shown for initial assessment strategy) Single Referral Package for All Referred Students Task No. 1 Y N CHECKED Date Aug 2012 Reason Checked Against SI