COMPARISON OF TWO VALUATION METHODS FOR URBAN TREES AT THE ARBORETUM OF THE SCHOOL OF FOREST ENGINEERS IN MADRID
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1 COMPARISON OF TWO VALUATION METHODS FOR URBAN TREES AT THE ARBORETUM OF THE SCHOOL OF FOREST ENGINEERS IN MADRID Claudia García-Ventura 1, Esperanza Ayuga-Téllez 2 & Mª Ángeles Grande-Ortíz 3 1 cgventura1@gmail.com, 2 esperanza.ayuga@upm.es, 3 m.angeles.grande@upm.es, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingenieros de Montes, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid. Ciudad Universitaria s/n Madrid. Tfn.: Designated presenter: Claudia García-Ventura
2 Introduction Objectives Sample data Methods Results Discussion and Conclusions
3 Introduction 1/16 Urban trees have a number of basic functions related to environmental and welfare of city dwellers (ecological, recreational,...). All these benefits of urban trees are not readily quantifiable. In certain situations, it s essential to assign an economic value. There are many methods to valuate benefits of trees and green-spaces in human settlements: Statistical methods, Travel cost method, Contingent valuation, Hedonic pricing method and integrated methods. The appraisal methods are used in official valuations of urban trees.
4 Introduction 2/16 Valuing inserts spaces in cities, as an intangible, based on economic criteria and keeping the singularities of the treecovered is currently been studied without standardized criteria (Jim, 2006; Grande-Ortiz et al 2012). The most widespread method of valuation at present is the CTLA. Map of trees in Madrid
5 Objectives 3/16 Objectives : Compare the results of two valuation methods in a sample of trees, from the Arboretum of the Forestry Engineer School. Study whether differences were found between methods, valued species and if there is influence of the combination. Discuss the most significant features of both methods and their adaptation to the valuation of this green-space.
6 Sample data 4/16 The construction of the School of Forest Engineers in the University City in Madrid took place between 1942 and The original project included complementary services, and particularly the idea to surround the school with an appropriate environment, creating a park that constitutes the real laboratory of the School. The execution of the project was directed by Luis Ceballos.
7 Sample data 5/16 The park met two requirements: it contributed to the forestry regeneration of the University City and it shows to the students the forestry species of interest. This space has a high diversity, where 400 tree species have been inventoried. The Arboretum has three distinct areas: 1. dense woodland with paths 2. ornamental garden around the main building 3. a zone dedicated to acclimatization and cultivation.
8 Sample data 6/16 The selected species are some of the most common in the city of Madrid and these are Populus bolleana Lauche, Platanus hybrida Brot. and Cedrus atlantica (Endl) Carrière.
9 Methods 7/16 The sample selection was performed by using a systematic sampling of the inventory individuals by species, based in the standard deviation of the Dbh to an error limit of 5 cm with a confidence level of 95%. 2 1,96 DT(Dbh) n = 5 SPECIES n AVERAGE VALUES Dbh (cm) t h (m) ca (m 2 ) Cedrus atlantica 15 28, ,5 16,6 Platanus hybrida 22 26, ,8 29,8 Populus bolleana ,3 12,9
10 Methods 8/16 American method of the Council of Tree Landscape Appraisers (CTLA) * Value = [trunk area (cm 2 ) x basic price cm 2 ] x species x condition x location *CTLA., Guide for plant appraisal, 9ª Ed., Council of Tree and Landscape Appraisers, ISA, Savoy, IL. 143pp. The formulaic expert method (FEM)**. Value = (D+S+T+C+L+O) x (100/35) x MAF D=dimension C=condition (100/35)= standardized factor S= species L=location MAF=monetary assignment factor T= tree specimen O=outstanding * *Jim, C.Y., Formulaic expert method to integrate evaluation and valuation of heritage trees in compact city. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment 116,
11 Methods 9/16 The results comparison has done with the t- test for paired samples and an ANOVA with species factors and valuation method, with a confidence level of 95%.
12 Results 10/16 Results show significant statistical differences between the methods (p-value of ANOVA is 0)
13 Results 11/16 But no influence on species (p-value of ANOVA is 0,2195)
14 Results 12/16 No influence of the interaction between factors (p-value of ANOVA is 0,2189).
15 Results 13/16 VALUE ( ) FEM provides a much higher estimation than the CTLA 700 VALUATION/Dbh FEM (X1000) CTLA , ,7 23,9 25,5 29,3 31,2 35,4 41,4 43,3 52,9 60,2 75,8 Dbh (cm)
16 Discussion and Conclusions 14/16 The FEM valuation provides a much higher estimation than the CTLA. The FEM method requires the evaluation of multiple aspects in a subjective way, but the most weight is to the land value. The CTLA method uses the nursery price as the unitary value and requires the evaluation of four indexes assessing subjectively, but their weight is high and that multiplies their effects.
17 Discussion and Conclusions 15/16 Both methods give results unsuitable for the whole Arboretum
18 Thanks for your attention
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