P08 Köldmedier med låg växthuseffekter

Transcription

1 P08 Köldmedier med låg växthuseffekter Pavel Makhnatch Tranås, May

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3 Reference: IPCC,

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6 Growth of climate change commitments from HFC banks and emissions Reference: Velders et al

7 Reference: Mats Blomqvist,

8 More than potential low GWP refrigerants Reference: Kazakov et al. (2012) Computational design of new refrigerant fluids based environmental, safety, and thermodynamic characteristics 8

9 Selection criteria SUITABLE PROPERTIES physical and thermodynamic SAFE non-flammable and non-toxic STABLE chemically and thermally, inert COMPATIBLE with materials, miscibility with lubricants ENVIRONMENTALLY FRIENDLY no ODP low GWP OTHER 9

10 EU Regulations European Commission MAC Directive (2006) Directive 2006/40/EC of the European Parliament and of the council relating to emissions from airconditioning systems in motor vehicles F-Gas Regulation (2014) Regulation (EU) No 517/2014 of the European Parliament and of the Council on fluorinated greenhouse gases and repealing Regulation (EC) No 842/2006

11 EU HFC Phase down schedule Reference: Danfoss. Refrigerant options now and in the future (2014) 11

12 Reference: Danfoss. Refrigerant options now and in the future (2014) 12

13 P08 Köldmedier med låg växthuseffekter (refrigerants with low GWP) Aim: provide data and prerequisites for alternative refrigerants with low GWP at phasing out R134a, R410A and R404A refrigerants for existing and new heat pump / cooling systems. Timeplan to Partners Bosch Thermoteknik AB Danfoss Värmepumpar AB Kylbranschens Samarbetsstiftelse Nibe AB Nowab Svensk Energi & Kylanalys AB Svenska Kyltekniska Föreningen

14 R404A R134a R410A

15 Refrigerants sold in Sweden during 2014 (mass basis) R410A R404A R407C R134a 15

16 Refrigerants sold in Sweden during 2014 (CO 2 -eq. basis) R410A R410A R407C R407C R404A R404A R134a R134a 16

17 EU HFC Phase down schedule Reference: Danfoss. Refrigerant options now and in the future (2014) 17

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19 Combustion of different refrigerants 19

20 R404A R134a R410A

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22 R404A alternatives

23 R404A alternative refrigerants

24 R449A as replacement for R404A 24

25 Case study: supermarket refrigeration system 25

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27 Experimental investigation of R449A as replacement to R404A

28 Data acquisition

29 Data acquisition (II)

30 Compressor discharge temperature 120 Compressor discharge temperature, C LT R404A LT R449A Mean condensing temperature, C

31 COP R404A LT R449A LT Linear (R404A LT) Linear (R449A LT) 1,6 1,4 1,2 1,0 COP 0,8 0,6 0,4 0,2 0, CO 2 Temperature, C

32 Cooling capacity R404A LT R449A LT Linear (R404A LT) Linear (R449A LT) 16,0 14,0 Cooling capacity, kw 12,0 10,0 8,0 6,0 4,0 2,0 0, CO 2 Temperature, C

33 R404A R134a R410A

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35 R134a alternatives

36 R134a alternatives (II) 100,0 Log. pressure [bar] 10,0 1,0 R410A R134a R513A R450A R32 R1234yf R1234ze R152a Isobutane Propane Propylene 0, Temperature [ C]

37 R134a alternatives (III) Refrigerant GWP Flammability T critical [ C] P critical [bar] Normal boiling point [ C] R410A 2088 A R513A 631 A R450A 601 A R1234yf 4 A2L R1234ze(E) 7 A2L R A2L R152a 124 A R290 3 A R A

38 R134a alternatives test rig

39 R404A R134a R410A

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44 Refrigerant R290 R152a R1234yf R134a LCCP, kg CO 2 e Direct, kg CO 2 e Indirect, kg CO 2 e , energy use material manufacture - material recycling refrigerant manufacturing

45 Refrigerant R290 R152a R1234yf R134a LCCP, kg CO 2 e ± ± ± ±767.1 Direct, kg CO 2 e 1.0 ± ± ± ± Indirect, kg CO 2 e ± ,7± ± ± energy use ± ± ± ± material ± ± ± ±16.5 manufacture - material recycling 5.6 ± ± ± ±0.6 - refrigerant manufacturing 0.0 ± ± ± ±1.0

46 LCCP analysis results

47 LCCP analysis results (II)

48 Results R410A Refrigerant R32 as lower GWP working fluid in residential air conditioning systems paper submitted to Renewable & Sustainable Energy Reviews journal R134a Next generation of refrigerants for residential heat pump systems MSc thesis supervised R513A experimental study is in progress. R450A, R152a, R1234ze(E) study is planned. R404A Theoretical analysis of R404A alternatives has been done Experimenal study of R449A as replacement to R449A has been performed at 2 representative refrigeration systems An experimental investigation of refrigerant R449A as replacement for R404A in supermarket refrigeration system presented at ICCC2016 conference Uncertainty of LCCP, submitted to GL2016.

49 Results (II) KYLA+ Värmepumpar publications: Nya möjligheter för R32 Något om köldmediers brännbarhet Något om HFO köldmedier Senaste nytt om köldmedier med låg växthuseffekt från IIR International Congress of Refrigeration i Yokohama Japan Potentiella faror med TriFluorättiksyra (TFA) Utvecklingen på köldmediefronten under året som gått Några frågor från våra läsare Källor för köldmediers termodynamiska egenskaper Miljöindikatorer TEWI och LCCP

50 Thank you