Surface Temperature of Synthetic Turf
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- Meredith Briggs
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1 Surface Temperature of Synthetic Turf
2 Surface Temperatures
3 Surface Temperatures High surface temperatures not a new problem 1970 s research traditional, non-infilled Astroturf (Buskirk, et al., 1971; Koon et al., 1971; Kandelin et al., 1976) Surface temperatures up to 50 F higher than natural grass
4
5 Children less able to adapt to changes in temperature
6 High Surface Temperatures How does high surface temperature affect field users? (Astroturf) (Buskirk et al., 1971) Heat sensors in shoes Heat transfer from surface to sole Greater chance of heat related health issues Discomfort, dehydration, heat stroke
7
8 When do surfaces get hot? Sunny/Clear Low humidity No clouds Noon 3:00 PM
9 When do surfaces cool down? Cloud Cover High Humidity/Haze
10 How hot can synthetic turf get? Highest temperature published in research paper: 200 F (93 C) on 98 F (37 C) day in Provo, UT (Williams and Pulley, 2002) Central PA: 175 F (79 C) (McNitt et al., 2008; McNitt and Petrunak, 2010) (
11 How does this compare to Over 100 F (38 C) - very rare on natural grass Commonly 75 to 95 F (25 to 35 C) on hot day Less than air temperature Generally, synthetic turf 35 to 55 F (20 to 30 C) hotter than natural grass natural grass?
12 Why do synthetic surfaces get hot? Crumb rubber infill? 1970 s research on Astroturf (Buskirk, et al., 1971; Koon et al., 1971; Kandelin et al., 1976) Traditional Astroturf vs. Infilled synthetic turf McNitt et al., 2008; McNitt and Petrunak, 2010 (
13 Why do synthetic surfaces get hot? Black crumb rubber infill? Black crumb rubber painted white (Devitt, et al., 2007) Very minor surface temperature reduction
14 What does this tell us? Fibers are a major contributor to high surface temperatures
15 Why don t natural grass fibers produce heat? Grass leaves transpire Release water vapor Evaporation causes cooling
16 Attempts to reduce surface temperature
17 Watering Watering reduces surface temperature for a short period of time Williams and Pulley, 2002 Watering for 30 minutes dropped temperature from 174 F (79 C) to 85 F (29 C) After 5 minutes: 120 F (49 C) After 20 minutes: 164 F (73 C)
18 Watering McNitt et al., 2008 Temperatures rebounded 20 minutes after watering Temperatures remained 10 degrees cooler than non-watered for 3 hours **Astroturf cooler for longer time (pad close to surface, stayed wet longer)
19 Attempts to reduce surface temperature Calcined clay Similar to kitty litter Used on baseball infields Traps and holds water McNitt et al., 2008 Infill: 20% calcined clay, 80% crumb rubber No effect on surface temperature
20 Attempts to reduce surface temperature 1:1 mixture of rubber and larger calcined clay particles
21 Is Calcined Clay Stable? Calcined clay broke down, lost cooling effect
22 Attempts to reduce surface temperature Water early morning, then cover with tarp Reduce evaporation prior to use McNitt et al., 2008 No effect on surface temperature
23
24 Penn State Heat Studies
25 Penn State Heat Studies
26 Infill Materials Surface temperatures of various infill after 1 hour under heat lamp Infill Surface Temperature (F) Black Rubber a Tan Rubber Green Rubber Ecofill TPE a b c d Temperatures that do not share the same letter are significantly (statistically) different
27 Fibers Only Surface temperatures of various fibers after 1 hour under heat lamp Fiber Color Surface Temperature (F) Silver a Black Green (FieldTurf Duraspine Pro) Gold Green (FieldTurf Revolution) Green (Astroflect) White b bc bc c c d All fibers were FieldTurf Duraspine Pro unless otherwise noted Temperatures that do not share the same letter are significantly (statistically) different
28 Synthetic Turf Systems Surface temperatures of various fiber-infill combinations after 3 hours under heat lamp. Fiber Color Infill Surface Temperature (F) Gold Black Rubber a White Black Rubber ab Silver Black Rubber ab Black Black Rubber ab Green Ecofill abc Green (FieldTurf Revolution) Black Rubber abcd Green Black Rubber abcd All fibers were FieldTurf Duraspine Pro unless otherwise noted Temperatures that do not share the same letter are significantly (statistically) different
29 Synthetic Turf Systems Surface temperatures of various fiber-infill combinations after 3 hours under heat lamp. Fiber Color Infill Surface Temperature (F) Gold Black Rubber a White Black Rubber ab Silver Black Rubber ab Black Black Rubber ab Green Ecofill abc Green (FieldTurf Revolution) Black Rubber abcd Green Black Rubber abcd Green Green Rubber bcde Green Tan Rubber cde Green TPE de Green (AstroFlect) Black Rubber e All fibers were FieldTurf Duraspine Pro unless otherwise noted Temperatures that do not share the same letter are significantly (statistically) different
30 SubAir system
31 SubAir system
32 What Can Be Done Now? Practice time mornings and evenings BYU guideline: no use above 120 F (49 C) Athletic trainer involvement Monitor conditions Monitor players Communications with coaches
33 Future Research Penn State s Center for Sports Surface Research Infill? Fibers?
34 Penn State s Center for Sports Surface Research Website: Like Penn State s Center for Sports Surface PSUsportsturf
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