Rails Cookbook. Rob Orsini. O'REILLY 8 Beijing Cambridge Farnham Koln Paris Sebastopol Taipei Tokyo

Transcription

1 Rails Cookbook Rob Orsini O'REILLY 8 Beijing Cambridge Farnham Koln Paris Sebastopol Taipei Tokyo

2 Table of Contents Foreword : ; xi Preface ; ;... xiii 1. Getting Started Joining the Rails Community Finding Documentation Installing MySQL ' Installing PostgreSQL Installing Rails Fixing Ruby and Installing Rails on OS X 10.4 Tiger Running Rails in OS X with Locomotive Running Rails in Windows with Instant Rails Updating Rails with RubyGems Getting Your Rails Project into Subversion Rails Development Creating a Rails Project Jump-Starting Development with Scaffolding Speeding Up Rails Development with Mongrel Enhancing Windows Development with Cygwin Understanding Pluralization Patterns in Rails Developing Rails in OS X with TextMate Cross-Platform Developing with RadRails Installing and Running Edge Rails Setting Up Passwordless Authentication with SSH Generating RDoc for Your Rails Application Creating Full-Featured CRUD Applications with Streamlined 45 ' t j J t 3. Active Record Setting Up a Relational Database to Use with Rails Programmatically Defining Database Schema 54

3 3.3 Developing Your Database with Migrations Modeling a Database with Active Record Inspecting Model Relationships from the Rails Console Accessing Your Data via Active Record Retrieving Records with find Iterating Over an Active Record Result Set Retrieving Data Efficiently with Eager Loading / Updating an Active Record Object Enforcing Data Integrity with Active Record Validations Executing Custom Queries with find_by_sql Protecting Against Race Conditions with Transactions Adding Sort Capabilities to a Model with acts_as_list Performing a Task Whenever a Model Object Is Created Modeling a Threaded Forum with acts_as_nested_set Creating a Directory of Nested Topics with acts_as_tree Avoiding Race Conditions with Optimistic Locking.... (.., Handling Tables with Legacy Naming Conventions Automating Record Timestamping, ' ' Factoring Out Common Relationships with Polymorphic. Associations Mixing Join Models and Polymorphism for Flexible Data Modeling Action Controller ' Accessing Form Data from a Controller Changing an Application's Default Page. ( Clarifying Your Code with Named Routes Configuring Customized Routing Behavior..; Displaying Alert Messages with Flash,, Extending the Life of a Flash Message Following Actions with Redirects : Generating URLs Dynamically ' Inspecting Requests with Filters ' Logging with Filters Rendering Actions '. ' Restricting Access to Controller Methods,.." Sending Files or Data Streams to the Browser Storing Session Information in a Database Tracking Information with Sessions Using Filters for Authentication Action View : Simplifying Templates with View Helpers 156 vi I Table of Contents

4 5.2 Displaying Large Datasets with Pagination Creating a Sticky Select List Editing Many-to-Many Relationships with Multiselect Lists Factoring Out Common Display Code with Layouts Defining a Default Application-Layout Generating XML with Builder Templates Generating RSS Feeds from Active Record Data Reusing Page Elements with Partials Processing Dynamically Created Input Fields Customizing the Behavior of Standard Helpers Creating a Web Form with Form Helpers Formatting Dates, Times, and Currencies Personalizing User Profiles with Gravatars Avoiding Harmful Code in Views with Liquid Templates Globalizing Your Rails Application RESTful Development Creating Nested Resources Supporting Alternative Data Formats by MIME Type Modeling Relationships RESTfully with Join Models Moving Beyond Simple CRUD with RESTful Resources Consuming Complex Nested REST Resources Developing Your Rails Applications RESTfully Rails Application Testing Centralizing the Creation of Objects Common to Test Cases Creating Fixtures for Many-to-Many Associations Importing Test Data with CSV Fixtures Including Dynamic Data in Fixtures with ERb Initializing a Test Database Interactively Testing Controllers from the Rails Console Interpreting the Output of Test: :Unit Loading Test Data with YAML Fixtures Monitoring Test Coverage with rake stats Running Tests with Rake Speeding Up Tests with Transactional Fixtures Testing Across Controllers with Integration Tests Testing Controllers with Functional Tests Examining the Contents of Cookie Testing Custom and Named Routes Testing HTTP Requests with Response-Related Assertions Testing a Model with Unit Tests Unit Testing Model Validations 259 Table of Contents I vii

5 7.19 Verifying DOM Structure with Tag-Related Assertions Writing Custom^Assertions... ' Testing File Upload Modifying the Default Behavior of a Class for Testing by Using Mocks Improving Feedback by Running Tests Continuously < Analyzing Code Coverage with Rcov ' JavaScript and Ajax...;...; Adding DOM Elements to a Page ' Creating a Custom.Report'with Drag and Drop Dynamically Adding Items to a Select List ' Monitoring the Content Length of a Textarea ' ' Updating Page Elements with RJS Templates Inserting JavaScript into Templates' " Letting a User Reorder a List Autocompleting a Text Field Searching for and Highlighting Text Dynamically Enhancing the User Interface with Visual Effects Implementing a Live Search Editing Fields in Place., ' Creating an Ajax Progress Indicator < Action Mailer Configuring Rails to Send " ' Creating a.custom Mailer Class with the Mailer Generator Formatting Messages Using Templates Attaching Files to Messages 'i Sending from a'rails Application. ' '..' Receiving with Action Mailer Debugging Rails Applications Exploring Rails from the Console 334! 10.2 Fixing Bugs at the Source with Ruby-cw Debugging Your Application in Real Time with the breakpointer - ' Logging with the Built-in Rails Logger Class ' Writing Debugging Information to a File ing Application Exceptions Outputting EnvironmentTnformation in Views Displaying Object Contents with Exceptions Filtering Development Logs in Real Time : ' Debugging HTTP Communication with Firefox Extensions 355 viii I Table of Contents

6 10.11 Debugging Your JavaScript in Real Time with the JavaScript Shell..' -. '.. ' Debugging Your Code Interactively with ruby-debug Security...; Hardening Your Systems with Strong Passwords Protecting Queries from SQL Injection : ' Guarding Against Cross-Site Scripting Attacks ' Restricting Access to Public Methods or Actions Securing Your Server by Closing Unnecessary Ports " Performance Measuring Web Server Performance with Httperf ' : Benchmarking Portions of Your Application Code ' Improving Performance by Caching Static Pages ' Expiring Cached Pages >, Mixing Static and Dynamic Content with Fragment Caching Filtering Cached Pages with Action Caching ; ' Speeding Up Data''Access* Times with memcached Increasing Performance by Caching Post-Processed Content Hosting and Deployment Hosting Rails Using Apache 1.3 and mod_fastcgi ' Managing Multiple Mongrel Processes with mongrel_cluster Hosting Rails with Apache 2.2, mod_proxy_balancer, and Mongrel Deploying Rails with Pound in Front of Mongrel, Lighttpd, and Apache Customizing Pound's Logging with cronolog Configuring Pound with SSL Support Simple Load Balancing with Pen Deploying Your Rails Project with Capistrano Deploying Your Application to Multiple Environments with Capistrano Deploying with Capistrano When You Can't Access Subversion Deploying with Capistrano and mongrel_cluster Disabling Your Web Site During Maintenance Writing Custom Capistrano Tasks Cleaning Up Residual Session Records Extending Rails with Plug-ins Finding Third-Party Plug-ins Installing Plug-ins 441 Table of Contents I ix

7 14.3 Manipulating Record Versions with acts_as_versioned Building Authentication with acts_as_authenticated Simplifying Folksdnomy with the acts_as_taggable Extending Active Record with acts_as Adding View Helpers to Rails as Plug-ins Uploading Files with file_column Uploading Files with acts_as_attachment Disabling Records Instead of Deleting Them with acts_as_paranoid Adding More Elaborate Authentication Using the Login Engine Graphics., Installing RMagick for Image Processing Uploading Images to a Database, Serving Images Directly from a Database Creating Resized Thumbnails with RMagick, Generating PDF Documents i,,, Visually Displaying Data with Gruff _ ^ Creating Small, Informative Graphs with Sparklines 493 Appendix: Migrating to Rails Index.-. ;..' 501 Table of Contents