JPEG 2000 for long-term preservation in practice Problems, challenges and possible solutions
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1 JPEG 2000 for long-term preservation in practice Problems, challenges and possible solutions Johan van der Knijff KB / National Library of the Netherlands Contact: johan.vanderknijff@kb.nl
2 How this presentation came about
3 JPEG 2000 at the KB 2007/2008: Investigation of suitability JPEG 2000 for image masters (report Gillesse, Rog & Verheusen: Alternative File Formats for Storing Master Images of Digitisation Projects) Early 2008: JPEG 2000 for mass-digitisation projects (preservation masters + access copies) Actual digitisation outsourced to external companies
4 Ongoing digitisation projects Project Dutch parliamentary papers ( ) # pages 2.5 million Dutch Prints Online ( ) 2.1 million Periodicals/ magazines ( ) 1.5 million Daily newspapers 8 million
5 Follow-up research (spring/summer 2010) Update of earlier research on adoption Software support Additional analyses on supplied image files Discussion of results with other institutions
6 Background: file formats
7 JP2 vs JPX JP2 JPEG 2000 Part 1: Basic still image format JPX JPEG 2000 Part 2: = JP2 + assorted advanced stuff
8 Colours: JP2 vs JPX JP2 JPX Enumerated colour spaces Greyscale sycc srgb Many more, including CMYK ICC Profiles Restricted method: supports monochrome + 3-component matrix-based input profile Any ICC method: supports any input profile
9 Resulting quality versus preservation conflict ICC profiles for working colour spaces (e.g. Adobe RGB, ecirgb) are typically display profiles (which are not input profiles!!) So encoders that strictly adhere to the standard will not allow these colour spaces! Some encoders do allow them anyway resulting files are not compliant with the standard! Applies to both Restricted and Any ICC methods!
10 JPX: preservation point of view Lots of complex features that we don t really want to deal with (multiple code streams, multiple compression methods, external references) Additional colour methods (incl. extended support of ICC profiles) that will be ignored by JP2-only decoders Format is poorly supported by existing software
11 JPEG 2000 creation tools
12 Big Three : Aware JPEG 2000 command-line tool Luratech LuraWave command-line tool Kakadu command-line tools
13 Tiff JP2 conversion Luratech Issue: Input TIFF contains ICC profile Output JPX using Any ICC method * Risk: Loss of ICC profiles after future migration *) Source: conversion-tool.html Post-presentation update: apparently Luratech have added an option to change this behaviour in the latest (pre-release) versions of their software.
14 Tiff JP2 conversion Kakadu Issues: Capture resolution written to display resolution header field in JP2 ICC profiles not preserved after conversion Risks: Loss of resolution info after future migration Loss of ICC profiles (now!)
15 Adobe Photoshop (Adobe plugin 2007, CS4) Issues: Output always JPX ( JP2-compatible optional) but brand header field is always JP2!! Risks: Unpredictable software behaviour (files are not what they purport to be!) Loss of ICC profiles after future migration
16 Tiff JP2 conversion ImageMagick Issues*: ICC profiles not preserved after conversion No support of JP2 resolution box Performance Risks: Loss (now!) of ICC profiles Loss (now!) of capture resolution info *) All caused by underlying JasPer library, not IM itself!
17 Creation tools wrap-up Number of available tools is limited Issues and mis-interpretations of filespec are still common Even minor issues can have a large impact for longterm preservation (repositories may contain millions of images; images may have been created by various tools)!
18 Way forward? User community Feedback Developers Correspondence to needs of users + quality + features Software
19 Way forward? Knowledge sharing! User community Feedback Developers Correspondence to needs of users + quality + features Software
20 Rob Buckley: amendment JP2 file spec Meet the needs of the Cultural Heritage Community Align JP2 with ICC practice for RGB color spaces Provide migration path for existing TIFF content Upgrade to latest ICC spec: ISO :2010 Proposal presented last summer at JPEG meeting in Brussels: support of full ICC specification May be sufficient to remove input profile class restriction, ICC supports this
21 Software libraries
22 Open source JasPer current stable version early 2007 incomplete JP2 support, poor performance JJ2000 not updated since 2002 OpenJPEG current stable version late 2007
23 Implications for developers Support of JP2 in existing software obstructed by lack of robust, high-performance libraries IIPImage ImageMagick GIMP Djatoka
24 Implications for users Keeps choice of reliable encoding/decoding options limited Dependence on limited number of (sometimes expensive) commercially available tools What if one of the Big Three goes out of business, or decides that JPEG 2000 product line is no longer profitable?
25 Way forward? We would need a JP2 library that is: Feature-rich: encode, decode, reformat Compliant with JP2 file specification High-performance Open source Along lines of LibTIFF (TIFF library) Proposal Rob Buckley: needs funding, project partners
26 JP2 as a preservation format
27 What s the problem? So many other archival institutions are already using JP2/JPEG2000!?
28 Doesn t say much without taking into account: Purpose: long-term preservation <--> short-term access? Quality requirements? Awareness of limitations/quirks of specific software? Awareness of resulting risks?
29 Implementation difficulty ( preservation risk)
30 Implementation difficulty ( preservation risk) Newspaper digitisation, access
31 Implementation difficulty ( preservation risk) Newspaper digitisation, preservation
32 Implementation difficulty ( preservation risk) Digitisation full-colour magazines, access
33 Implementation difficulty ( preservation risk) Digitisation full-colour magazines, preservation
34 Implementation difficulty ( preservation risk) Massconservation of paper originals (e.g. Metamorfoze program)
35 Wrap-up
36 Software Issues in existing JPEG 2000 creation tools introduce (hidden) preservation risks! Sharing of knowledge on these issues is important Feedback to software manufacturers is important Limited availability of encoding/decoding options introduces risks Development of a stable, feature-rich high performance open JP2 software library could be a major step forward needs action from user community!!
37 Suitability of JP2 for preservation Suitability of JP2 (or any other format) depends on specific purpose/aim (e.g. access, preservation, replacement) Quality requirements are important (e.g. colour support) Current filespecs do not allow proper colour management amendment/correction of ICC support required to meet needs of preservation community General statements such as Format X is suitable / not suitable for preservation don t say much and are not very helpful!
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