COMMISSION ON GENETIC RESOURCES

Transcription

1 October 2014 CGRFA-15/15/Inf.18 E COMMISSION ON GENETIC RESOURCES FOR FOOD AND AGRICULTURE Item 3.3 of Provisional Agenda Fifteenth Regular Session Rome, January 2015 STATUS AND TRENDS OF ANIMAL GENETIC RESOURCES TABLE OF CONTENTS Pages I. Introduction... 1 II. State of reporting... 1 III. Breed diversity... 3 IV. Risk status of animal genetic resources V. Trends in breed status and diversity VI. Conclusions Annex Annex Tables 1. Status of information recorded in Global Databank for Animal Genetic Resources a. Mammalian species number of reported local breeds b. Mammalian species number of reported local breeds categorized as locally adapted a. Avian species number of reported local breeds b. Avian species number of reported local breeds categorized as locally adapted a. Mammalian species number of reported regional transboundary breeds Based on data reported by National Coordinators for Management of Animal Genetic Resources to DAD-IS by June This document can be accessed using Quick Response Code on this page; a FAO initiative to minimize its environmental impact and promote greener communications. Or documents can be consulted at

2 ii CGRFA-15/15/Inf.18 4b. Mammalian species number of reported regional transboundary breeds categorized as locally adapted c. Mammalian species number of reported regional transboundary breeds categorized as mixed d. Mammalian species number of reported regional transboundary breeds categorized as exotic a. Avian species number of reported regional transboundary breeds b. Avian species number of reported regional transboundary breeds categorized as locally adapted c. Avian species number of reported regional transboundary breeds categorized as mixed Mammalian species number of reported international transboundary breeds by adaptedness classification Avian species number of reported international transboundary breeds by breed classification Number of extinct mammalian breeds number of locally adapted breeds in brackets Number of extinct avian breeds (all locally adapted) Years of extinction Figures 1. Proportion of national breed populations for which population figures have been reported Countries with updated population data since 1st March Number of local/ransboundary and locally adapted / exotic breeds at global level Number of local /transboundary and locally adapted/ exotic breeds at regional level Number of world s breeds in different breed classes and -status category a. Risk status of world s mammalian breeds in June 2014: absolute (table) and percentage (chart) figures by species b. Risk status of world s mammalian breeds in June 2014: absolute (table) and percentage (chart) figures by species locally adapted category c. Risk status of world s mammalian breeds in June 2014: absolute (table) and percentage (chart) figures by species mixed category a. Risk status of world s avian breeds in June 2014: absolute (table) and percentage (chart) figures by species b. Risk status of world s avian breeds in June 2014: absolute (table) and percentage (chart) figures by species locally adapted category c. Risk status of world s avian breeds in June 2014: absolute (table) and percentage (chart) figures by species mixed category a. Risk status of world s mammalian breeds in June 2014: absolute (table) and percentage (chart) figures by region b. Risk status of world s mammalian breeds in June 2014: absolute (table) and percentage (chart) figures by region locally adapted category c. Risk status of world s mammalian breeds in June 2014: absolute (table) and percentage (chart) figures by region mixed category a. Risk status of world s avian breeds June 2014: absolute (table) and percentage (chart) figures by region b. Risk status of world s avian breeds June 2014: absolute (table) and percentage (chart) figures by region locally adapted category c. Risk status of world s avian breeds June 2014: absolute (table) and percentage (chart) figures by region mixed category... 17

3 CGRFA-15/15/Inf.18 iii 10. Number of individuals belonging to locally adapted, mixed or exotic breed category 2005 to Changes in status of breeds from 2006 to a. Trends in status of local breeds and number of local breeds with unknown status from 2005 to b. Trends in status of transboundary breeds and number of transboundary breeds with unknown status from 2005 to

4 iv CGRFA-15/15/Inf.18 The designations employed and presentation of material in this information product are not warranted to be error free and do not imply expression of any opinion whatsoever on part of FAO concerning legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. The general FAO Terms and Conditions can be found at following URL: The source for names of administrative units is Food and Agriculture Organization Names of Countries and Territories (NOCS). The primary source of boundaries and administrative units is Food and Agriculture Organization Global Administrative Unit Layers (GAUL). Disputed boundaries and undetermined regions have been added based on United Nations Cartographic Section, Department of Field Support maps. More information can be found using following resources: Names of Countries and Territories (NOCS) Food and Agriculture Organization of United Nations (UNFAO) Global Administrative Unit Layers (GAUL) Food and Agriculture Organization of United Nations (UNFAO) United Nations Cartographic Section, Department of Field Support.

5 CGRFA-15/15/Inf.18 1 I. Introduction In line with request of Twelfth Regular Session of Commission on Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture, this report follows structure set out in document Format and content of future status and trends reports on animal genetic resources, 2 taking into account amendments requested by Commission at its Fourteenth Regular Session. The analysis is based on FAO s Global Databank for Animal Genetic Resources, backbone of Domestic Animal Diversity Information System (DAD-IS). It updates data published in report Status and trends of animal genetic resources Prior to analysis, all National Coordinators for Management of Animal Genetic Resources were asked to update ir national data as fully as possible by a set deadline and were reminded of need to enter data related to new locally adapted versus exotic breed classification set out in document Report of a consultation on definition of breed categories 4 and that y also have option of indicating that a given locally adapted breed is native to respective country. The present report begins by describing state of reporting on animal genetic resources, and progress made in this respect during reporting period. A description of current regional distribution of livestock species and breeds is n presented, followed by an overview of status of world s livestock breeds and trends in status over reporting period. In line with Commission s request, a cut-off point of ten years has been introduced into calculation of trends in status and diversity: Any breed for which no population data have been reported for ten years is now considered to be of unknown status. Trends were calculated on basis of most up-to-date current and historical data available in DAD-IS as of 18 June The report presents set of resource indicators set out in document Targets and indicators for animal genetic resources 5 and agreed upon by Commission at its Fourteenth Regular Session. The annexes to report provide a detailed breakdown of state of reporting, by country and by region. II. State of reporting The Global Databank for Animal Genetic Resources currently contains data from 182 countries and 38 species. The total number of national breed populations recorded in Global Databank has increased during reporting period (Table 1). The total number of mammalian national breed populations recorded in June 2014 was , as compared in June The total number of avian national breed populations recorded in 2014 was 3 807, as compared to in Since 2012, percentage of avian national breed populations for which any population data (including also those were no updates have been provided during last ten years) are available has increased from 48 percent to 56 percent, while in case of mammals re has been an improvement from 57 percent to 60 percent not applying ten year cut-off point as described above (Table 1). Twenty-seven countries updated ir national data in 2013 and 53 in However, for 78 percent of national breed populations, no data on population size have been reported for any of last four years (2011, 2012, 2013 and 2014). Figure 1 provides a regional breakdown of reporting figures. The number of breed populations recorded by countries in European and Caucasus region has increased by 265 for avian breeds and 315 for mammalian breeds compared to Despite this large increase in number of breed populations reported, percentage of breed populations for which population figures have been reported stayed same as in 2012 (84 percent) for mammalian breed populations and increased for avian breed populations from 65 percent in 2012 to 77 percent in However, updating activities differ significantly between countries and regions. Figure 2 provides insight into global updating activities of population size data since March 2007, revealing big gaps in many regions of world. In line with Commission s request, DAD-IS has been furr developed so as to allow entry of data indicating wher breed populations are locally adapted or exotic to respective country. National Coordinators were invited to enter se data for all ir national breed populations. By June 2014, national breeed populations remained unclassified by National Coordinators. Because 2 CGRFA/WG-AnGR-5/09/3.2 ( 3 CGRFA-13/11/Inf.17 ( 4 CGRFA/WG-AnGR-7/12/Inf.7 5 CGRFA/WG-AnGR-7/12/7

6 2 CGRFA-15/15/Inf.18 such a large number of unclassified breed populations would have precluded any interpretation of indicators that involve use of new breed classification, empty breed classification fields were provisionally filled for purpose of calculating and testing se indicators. Based on assumption that local and regional transboundary breeds are more likely to be locally adapted than international transbondary breeds, unclassified breeds belonging to first two distribtional categories were assigned to locally adapted category and international transboundary breeds assigned to exotic category. Due to lack of data regarding adaptedness class of breeds provided by National coordinators, figures and tables based on this classification system can only be considered as examples for presenting such type of data in future reports. Table 1. Status of information recorded in Global Databank for Animal Genetic Resources Year of analysis Mammalian species Number of national breed populations % with population data Number of national breed populations Avian species % with population data Countries covered No data recorded for Andorra, Brunei Darussalam, Liechtenstein, Marshall Islands, Micronesia (Federated States of), Monaco, Nauru, Qatar, San Marino, Singapore, South Sudan, Timor-Leste, United Arab Emirates, Western Sahara. Figure 1. Proportion of national breed populations for which population figures have been reported

7 CGRFA-15/15/Inf.18 3 Figure 2. Countries with updated population data since 1st March 2007 Countries with updated population data Countries without single update of population data III. Breed diversity A global total of breeds (compared to in 2012 and in 2010) have been reported; are local breeds (compared to7 020 in 2012 and in 2010) and are transboundary breeds (compared to and in 2014 and in 2010). Among transboundary breeds, 510 (compared to 509 in 2012 and 504 in 2010) are regional transboundary breeds (occur in only one region) and 546 (compared to 551 in 2012 and 549 in 2010) are international transboundary breeds (occur in more than one region). A total of 647 breeds (compared to of 628 in 2012 and 631 in 2010) are classified as extinct, of which 4 (compared to 7 in 2012 and 2010) are transboundary breeds (3 regional and 1 international). In following analysis of breed diversity, extinct breeds are excluded. Figure 3 shows, in inner ring, share of local, regional transboundary and international transboundary breeds among mammalian and avian breeds of world. More than two-thirds of reported breeds are mammalian. Among mammals, number of regional transboundary breeds is slightly higher than number of international transboundary breeds. Conversely, in avian species, re are twice as many international transboundary breeds as re are regional transboundary breeds. The outer ring of Figure 3 shows number of breeds that are classified as locally adapted and number classified as exotic. The mixed category refers to transboundary breeds whose national populations are not all assigned to same adaptedness category. As many breed classifications remain provisional (see above), results must be interpreted with caution. However, majority of breeds reported to DAD-IS seem to be locally adapted. In all regions of world, mammalian breeds outnumber avian breeds (Figure 4, inner ring). There is, however, considerable variation between regions in terms of shares of locally adapted and exotic breeds in total number of breeds. In Europe and Caucasus, Asia, and Near and Middle East, locally adapted breeds make up between 80 and 87 percent of all breeds. In Africa, and Latin America and Caribbean, share of locally adapted breeds is smaller, but still exceeds 60 percent of all breeds. Conversely, breeds of exotic or mixed category make up more than 50 percent of total in Southwest Pacific and North America (Figure 4, outer ring). Regional transboundary mammalian breeds are relatively numerous in Europe and Caucasus. It is only in Europe and Caucasus that re are a significant number of regional transboundary avian breeds.

8 4 CGRFA-15/15/Inf.18 Figure 3. Number of local/ransboundary and locally adapted / exotic breeds at global level International transboundary mammalian breeds Regional transboundary mammalian breeds Local mammalian breeds Exotic Locally adapted Mixed International transboundary avian breeds Regional transboundary avian breeds Local avian breeds Figure 4. Number of local /transboundary and locally adapted/ exotic breeds at regional level

9 CGRFA-15/15/Inf.18 5 Note that international transboundary breeds are counted in each region where y occur. Therefore, for this category of breeds, global total is not sum of regional totals. Tables 2a and 3a, respectively, show number of reported local breeds of mammalian and avian species for each region of world. For most livestock species, Europe and Caucasus or Asia has highest number of local breeds. The dromedary, with most local breeds located in Africa and Near and Middle East, and guinea pig, with most local breeds located in Latin America and Caribbean, are exceptions to this pattern. The totals in some categories have fallen, because countries have corrected ir inventories. Tables 2b and 3b, respectively, show, for each region of world, number of reported local breeds of mammalian and avian species that are classified as locally adapted. The figures in tables 2a and 3a differ only slightly from those in 2b and 3b, respectively. As described above, local breeds that, at time analysis was undertaken, had not been categorized by National Coordinators were all provisionally assigned to locally adapted category. Table 2a. Mammalian species number of reported local breeds Species Africa Asia Europe & Caucasus Latin America & Caribbean Near & Middle East North America Southwest Pacific World Ass Bactrian camel Buffalo Cattle Dromedary Goat Guinea pig Horse Pig Rabbit Sheep Yak Ors Total Note :Figures exclude extinct breeds. Figures for Alpaca, American bison, deer, dog, dromedary Bactrian camel, guanaco, llama and vicuña are combined in ors category

10 6 CGRFA-15/15/Inf.18 Table 2b. Mammalian species number of reported local breeds categorized as locally adapted Species Africa Asia Europe & Caucasus Latin America & Caribbean Near & Middle East North America Southwest Pacific World Ass Bactrian camel Buffalo Cattle Dromedary Goat Guinea pig Horse Pig Rabbit Sheep Yak Ors Total Note: Figures exclude extinct breeds. Figures for Alpaca, American bison, deer, dog, dromedary Bactrian camel, guanaco, llama and vicuña are combined in ors category Table 3a. Avian species number of reported local breeds Species Africa Asia Europe & Caucasus Latin America & Caribbean Near & Middle East North America Southwest Pacific World Chicken Duck Goose Muscovy duck Ostrich Partridge Pheasant Pigeon Turkey Ors Total Note: Figures exclude extinct breeds. Figures for cassowary, Chilean tinamou, duck Muscovy duck, emu, guinea fowl, ñandu, peacock, quail and swallow are combined in ors category. Table 3b. Avian species number of reported local breeds categorized as locally adapted Species Africa Asia Europe & Caucasus Latin America & Caribbean Near & Middle East North America Southwest Pacific World Chicken Duck Goose Muscovy duck Ostrich Partridge Pheasant Pigeon Turkey Ors Total Note: Figures exclude extinct breeds. Figures for cassowary, Chilean tinamou, duck Muscovy duck, emu, guinea fowl, ñandu, peacock, quail and swallow are combined in ors category.

11 CGRFA-15/15/Inf.18 7 Tables 4a and 5a, respectively, show number of reported regional transboundary breeds of mammalian and avian species in each region of world. For several mammalian species, including sheep, horses and pigs, Europe and Caucasus, has highest number of regional transboundary breeds. Africa has a relatively large share of regional transboundary breeds in most of se species. Africa has more regional transboundary breeds of cattle and goats than any or region. Europe and Caucasus, however, has by far highest number of regional transboundary breeds among avian species. The existence of significant numbers of regional transboundary breeds has implications for management and conservation of animal genetic resources, and highlights need for cooperation at regional or subregional levels. Tables 4b to 4d and 5b to 5d, respectively, show number of reported regional transboundary breeds of mammalian and avian species in each region of world that are classified as locally adapted, mixed and exotic. At this stage, because most national breed populations have not been categorized by ir respective National Coordinators, figures mainly reflect assumption that regional transboundary breeds can be considered to be locally adapted. Table 4a. Mammalian species number of reported regional transboundary breeds Species Africa Asia Europe & Caucasus Latin America & Caribbean Near & Middle East North America Southwest Pacific Ass Buffalo Cattle Deer Dromedary Goat Guinea pig Horse Pig Rabbit Sheep South American camelids Total Note: Figures exclude extinct breeds. Table 4b. Mammalian species number of reported regional transboundary breeds categorized as locally adapted Species Africa Asia Europe & Caucasus Latin America & Caribbean Near & Middle East North America Southwest Pacific Ass Buffalo Cattle Deer Dromedary Goat Guinea pig Horse Pig Rabbit Sheep South American camelids Total Note: Figures exclude extinct breeds. World World

12 8 CGRFA-15/15/Inf.18 Table 4c. Mammalian species number of reported regional transboundary breeds categorized as mixed Species Africa Asia Europe & Caucasus Latin America & Caribbean Near & Middle East North America Southwest Pacific Ass Cattle Goat Horse Rabbit Sheep Total Note: Figures exclude extinct breeds. Table 4d. Mammalian species number of reported regional transboundary breeds categorized as exotic Species Africa Asia Europe & Caucasus Latin America & Caribbean Near & Middle East North America Southwest Pacific Cattle Horse Pig Rabbit Sheep Total Note: Figures exclude extinct breeds. Table 5a. Avian species number of reported regional transboundary breeds Species Africa Asia Europe & Caucasus Latin America & Caribbean Near & Middle East North America Southwest Pacific Chicken Duck Goose Quail Turkey Total Note: Figures exclude extinct breeds. Table 5b. Avian species number of reported regional transboundary breeds categorized as locally adapted Species Africa Asia Europe & Caucasus Latin America & Caribbean Near & Middle East North America Southwest Pacific Chicken Duck Goose Quail Turkey Total Note: Figures exclude extinct breeds. World World World World

13 CGRFA-15/15/Inf.18 9 Table 5c. Avian species number of reported regional transboundary breeds categorized as mixed Species Africa Asia Europe & Caucasus Latin America & Caribbean Near & Middle East North America Southwest Pacific Turkey Total World Tables 6 and 7, respectively, show numbers of reported international transboundary mammalian and avian breeds falling within each of adaptedness categories. Cattle, sheep, horses and chickens are species that have highest numbers of international transboundary breeds. Around two-thirds of international transboundary horse and cattle breeds fall within mixed category. Different national breed populations within se breeds have been allocated to different categories by respective National Coordinators. In case of sheep, percentage of breeds falling within mixed category is also quite high, at 58 percent. Table 6. Mammalian species number of reported international transboundary breeds by adaptedness classification Species Locally adapted Mixed Exotic Total Alpaca Ass Bactrian camel Buffalo Cattle Deer Dromedary Goat Horse Pig Rabbit Sheep Total Note: Figures exclude extinct breeds. Table 7. Avian species number of reported international transboundary breeds by breed classification Species Locally adapted Mixed Exotic Total Cassowary Chicken Duck (domestic) Emu Goose (domestic) Guinea fowl Muscovy duck Ostrich Pigeon Turkey Total Note: Figures exclude extinct breeds.

14 10 CGRFA-15/15/Inf.18 IV. Risk status of animal genetic resources As noted above, since last status and trends report was prepared, method for assigning breeds to -status categories has been amended by introduction of a cut-off point of ten years, beyond which status of a breed is considered to be unknown if no updated population data have been reported. The results presented in this section are refore not directly comparable to those presented in Status and trends of animal genetic resources Trends based on figures that are comparable over time are presented in Section V of this report. A total of breeds (17 percent of all breeds including those that are extinct) are classified as being. The percentage of breeds classified as being of unknown status has increased from 34 percent in 2012 to 58 percent in 2014, mainly because of above-mentioned new calculation method. The figures present a more realistic picture of state of data availability than equivalent figures did in past reports. The inner ring of left hand side of Figure 5 shows that, for mammalian species, proportion of breeds classified as is lower overall (16 percent) than for avian species (17 percent). However, in absolute terms, number of breeds is higher for mammalian species (955 breeds) than for avian species (503 breeds). Comparing right and left-hand side of Figure 5 shows that vast majority of breeds and almost all extinct breeds are classified as locally adapted breeds. Figure 6a presents -status data for mammalian species. It can be seen that horse, sheep and cattle are mammalian species with highest number of breeds. However, rabbits (45 percent) followed by horses (22 percent) and asses (17 percent) are species that have highest proportions of breeds. Figure 6a also shows large number of breeds for which no -status data are available. The problem is particularly significant in some species 93 percent for deer breeds, 66 percent for ass breeds and 98 percent for dromedary breeds. This lack of data is a serious constraint to effective prioritization and planning of breed conservation measures. Cattle are species with highest number of breeds (184) reported as extinct. Large numbers of extinct breeds of sheep (160), pig (107) and horse (87) are also reported. It should be noted that some breeds may have become extinct before y were documented. Any such breeds will, clearly, be missing from this analysis. Figures 6b and 6c present -status data for mammalian species, broken down by adaptedness category (locally adapted and mixed) to provide an example on how such complex data can be illustrated in future. Among avian species, chickens have by far highest number of breeds on a world scale (Figure 7a). As in case of mammalian species, re are a large number of breeds for which population figures are unavailable. Extinct breeds have mainly been reported among chickens. There are also a few cases among ducks, guinea fowl and turkeys. Figures 6b and 6c present -status data for mammalian species, broken down by adaptedness category (locally adapted and mixed). Figures 7b and 7c present equivalent figures for avian species. Figures 8a and 9a show distribution of breeds by region for mammalian and avian species. Figures 8b, 8c, 9b and 9c, split regional presentations into locally adapted and mixed categories. The regions with highest proportion of ir breeds classified as are Europe and Caucasus (31 percent of mammalian breeds and 35 percent of avian breeds) and North America (16 percent of mammalian breeds). These are regions that have most highly specialized livestock industries, in which production is dominated by a small number of breeds. In absolute terms, Europe and Caucasus region has by far highest number of at- breeds. Despite apparent dominance of se two regions, problems in or regions may be obscured by large number of breeds with unknown status. The new method for calculating status (based on ten-year cut off point) draws attention to fact that during ten years up to June 2014 countries from Latin America and Caribbean, Near and Middle East, North America or Southwest Pacific reported almost no population data for any avian breeds. Almost all (except one breed in Latin America and Caribbean) of avian breeds from se regions are refore classified as being of unknown status. Likewise, for more than 90 percent of Africa s breeds and more than 80 percent of Asia s breeds, lack of recent population data means that no status could be assigned.figure 5. Number of world s breeds in different breed classes and -status category 6 CGRFA-13/11/Inf.17 (

15 CGRFA-15/15/Inf Unknown Exotic Critical Locally adapted Mixed Endangered Criticalmaintained Endangeredmaintained Not Extinct

16 12 CGRFA-15/15/Inf.18 Figure 6a. Risk status of world s mammalian breeds in June 2014: absolute (table) and percentage (chart) figures by species 100% 80% 60% 40% 20% 0% Alpaca Ass Bactrian camel Buffalo Cattle Deer Goat Horse Llama Pig Rabbit Sheep Yak Or Total Unknown Extinct Total * Or: Bactrian camel dromedary crosses, guanacos, vicuñas, guinea pigs and dogs. Figure 6b. Risk status of world s mammalian breeds in June 2014: absolute (table) and percentage (chart) figures by species locally adapted category 100% 80% 60% 40% 20% 0% Alpaca Ass Bactrian camel Buffalo Cattle Deer Goat Horse Llama Pig Rabbit Sheep Yak Or Total Unknown Dromedary Critical Criticalmaintained Endangered Endangeredmaintained Not Dromedary Critical Criticalmaintained Endangered Endangeredmaintained Not Extinct Total * Or: Bactrian camel dromedary crosses, guanacos, vicuñas, guinea pigs and dogs.

17 CGRFA-15/15/Inf Figure 6c. Risk status of world s mammalian breeds in June 2014: absolute (table) and percentage (chart) figures by species mixed category 100% 80% 60% 40% 20% 0% Alpaca Ass Bactrian camel Buffalo Cattle Deer Goat Horse Llama Pig Rabbit Sheep Yak Or Total Unknown Extinct Total * Or: Bactrian camel dromedary crosses, guanacos, vicuñas, guinea pigs and dogs. Figure 7a. Risk status of world s avian breeds in June 2014: absolute (table) and percentage (chart) figures by species 100% 80% 60% 40% 20% Chicken Duck Goose Guinea fowl Muscovy duck Ostrich Partridge Pheasant Pigeon Quail Turkey Or Total Unknown Critical Endangered Dromedary Critical Criticalmaintained Endangered Endangeredmaintained Not Criticalmaintained Endangeredmaintained 0% Not Extinct Total * Or: duck Muscovy duck crossings, Chilean tinamou, cassowaries, emus, ñandus, peacocks and swallows.

18 14 CGRFA-15/15/Inf.18 Figure 7b. Risk status of world s avian breeds in June 2014: absolute (table) and percentage (chart) figures by species locally adapted category 100% 80% 60% 40% 20% Chicken Duck Goose Guinea fowl Muscovy duck Ostrich Partridge Pheasant Pigeon Quail Turkey Or Total Unknown Critical Endangered % Not Extinct Total * Or: duck Muscovy duck crossings, Chilean tinamou, cassowaries, emus, ñandus, peacocks and swallows. Figure 7c. Risk status of world s avian breeds in June 2014: absolute (table) and percentage (chart) figures by species mixed category 100% 80% 60% 40% 20% Chicken Duck Goose Guinea fowl Muscovy duck Ostrich Partridge Pheasant Pigeon Quail Turkey Or Total Unknown Critical Endangered Criticalmaintained Endangeredmaintained Criticalmaintained Endangeredmaintained 0% Not Extinct Total * Or: duck Muscovy duck crossings, Chilean tinamou, cassowaries, emus, ñandus, peacocks and swallows.

19 CGRFA-15/15/Inf Figure 8a. Risk status of world s mammalian breeds in June 2014: absolute (table) and percentage (chart) figures by region 100% 80% 60% 40% 20% 0% Africa Asia Europe & Caucasus Latin America & Caribbean Near & Middle East North America Southwest Pacific International transboundary breeds Unknown Extinct * 565 Total *African Aurochs, which once lived in parts of both Africa and Near and Middle East regions. World Figure 8b. Risk status of world s mammalian breeds in June 2014: absolute (table) and percentage (chart) figures by region locally adapted category 100% 80% 60% 40% 20% 0% Africa Asia Europe & Caucasus Latin America & Caribbean Near & Middle East North America Southwest Pacific International transboundary breeds Unknown Critical Criticalmaintained Endangered Endangeredmaintained Not Critical Criticalmaintained Endangered Endangeredmaintained Not Extinct Total World

20 16 CGRFA-15/15/Inf.18 Figure 8c. Risk status of world s mammalian breeds in June 2014: absolute (table) and percentage (chart) figures by region mixed category 100% 80% 60% 40% 20% 0% Africa Asia Europe & Caucasus Latin America & Caribbean Near & Middle East North America Southwest Pacific International transboundary breeds Unknown Extinct Total World Figure 9a. Risk status of world s avian breeds June 2014: absolute (table) and percentage (chart) figures by region 100% 80% 60% 40% 20% Africa Asia Europe & Caucasus Latin America & Caribbean Near & Middle East North America Southwest Pacific International transboundary breeds Unknown Critical Endangered Critical Criticalmaintained Endangered Endangeredmaintained Not Criticalmaintained Endangeredmaintained 0% Not Extinct Total World

21 CGRFA-15/15/Inf Figure 9b. Risk status of world s avian breeds June 2014: absolute (table) and percentage (chart) figures by region locally adapted category 100% 80% 60% 40% 20% Africa Asia Europe & Caucasus Latin America & Caribbean Near & Middle East North America Southwest Pacific International transboundary breeds Unknown Critical Endangered % Not Extinct Total World Figure 9c. Risk status of world s avian breeds June 2014: absolute (table) and percentage (chart) figures by region mixed category 100% 80% 60% 40% 20% Africa Asia Europe & Caucasus Latin America & Caribbean Near & Middle East North America Southwest Pacific International transboundary breeds Unknown Critical Endangered Criticalmaintained Endangeredmaintained Criticalmaintained Endangeredmaintained 0% Not Extinct Total World

22 18 CGRFA-15/15/Inf.18 Tables 8 and 9 present number of extinct mammalian and avian breeds by species and region. Europe and Caucasus has reported far more extinct mammalian and avian breeds than any or region 7 percent of all reported breeds are extinct. The dominance of Europe and Caucasus in terms of number of breeds reported extinct may relate, at least in part, to relatively advanced state of breed inventory and monitoring in this region. The year of extinction has been reported for only 33 percent of extinct breeds (214). Thirty breeds became extinct after 2005 (Table 10). Among 565 extinct mammalian breeds, 99 percent are classified as locally adapted breeds. All extinct avian breeds are classified as locally adapted. Table 8. Number of extinct mammalian breeds number of locally adapted breeds in brackets Species Africa Asia Europe & Caucasus Latin America & Caribbean Near & Middle East North America Southwest transboundary International Pacific breeds World Ass 1 (1) 0 (0) 2 (2) 0 (0) 1 (1) 0 (0) 0 (0) 0 (0) 4 (4) Buffalo 0 (0) 0 (0) 1 (1) 0 (0) 0 (0) 0 (0) 0 (0) 0 (0) 1 (1) Cattle 20 (19) 19 (19) 120 (120) 20 (20) 1 (1) 1 (1) 2 (2) 1 (0) 184 (182) Goat 1 (1) 2 (2) 16 (16) 0 (0) 0 (0) 0 (0) 0 (0) 0 (0) 19 (19) Horse 6 (6) 1 (1) 71 (71) 0 (0) 0 (0) 8 (8) 1 (1) 0 (0) 87 (87) Pig 0 (0) 15 (15) 90 (89) 1 (1) 0 (0) 0 (0) 1 (1) 0 (0) 107 (106) Rabbit 0 (0) 0 (0) 1 (1) 0 (0) 2 (2) 0 (0) 0 (0) 0 (0) 3 (3) Sheep 5 (5) 6 (6) 145 (144) 0 (0) 1 (1) 1 (1) 2 (2) 0 (0) 160 (159) Total 33 (32) 43 (43) 446 (444) 21 (21) 5 (5) 10 (10) 6 (6) 1 (0) 565 (561) Table 9. Number of extinct avian breeds (all locally adapted) Species Africa Asia Europe & Caucasus Latin America & Caribbean Near & Middle East North America Southwest Pacific Chicken Duck Goose Guinea fowl Turkey Total World Table 10. Years of extinction Year Number of breeds % Unspecified Before After Total

23 CGRFA-15/15/Inf V. Trends in breed status and diversity Figure 10 presents data basis for newly introduced indicator supposed to show proportion of total population accounted for by locally adapted breeds and its trends. For calculation of this indicator sum of population sizes over all locally adapted national breed populations belonging to a certain species has to be divided by sum of population seizes built over all national breed populations (locally adapted and exotic) for respective species. Generally lack of population data for exotic breed populations is even more pronounced than for locally adapted breed populations and does not allow a meaningful interpretation of this indicator at this stage. The dramatic decrease in number of animal between years 2011 and 2012 in Figure 10 is caused by intensive uploading activities prior to first report on State of World s Animal Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture 7 until year 2001 followed by a lack of updating of population data especially for exotic breeds afterwards. The lack of updating since 2001 in combination with ten year cut-off point becomes visible in year 2012 were all non updated population sizes were set to unknown (zero). Figure 10. Number of individuals belonging to locally adapted, mixed or exotic breed category 2005 to 2014 Previous attempts to summarize global trends in breed status have been affected by confounding effects of ongoing corrections to breed inventories. The proposals for reducing effects of such changes set out in document Targets and indicators for animal genetic resources 8 were applied in calculation of figure presented below. Figure 11shows trends in genetic erosion of breeds since publication of first report on State of World s Animal Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture. Since year 2006 proportion of breeds classified as increased from 15 to 17 percent, breeds classified as not decreased from 21 to 18 percent and percentage of breeds reported to be extinct remained stable with 7 percent. The number of breeds where no status can be calculated due to eir complete lack of information on population sizes or lack of updating of population data for a period of more than ten years is with almost 60 percent very high. 7 State of World s Animal Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture ( 8 CGRFA/WG-AnGR-7/12/7 (

24 20 CGRFA-15/15/Inf.18 Figure 11. Changes in status of breeds from 2006 to 2014 The figures 12a and 12b show relationship between trends in genetic diversity expressed as quadratic regression lines and number of breeds with unknown class due to missing information on population data for a period of at least 10 years. In case of local breeds re is a clear trend regarding genetic diversity of local breeds: number of breeds being is increasing over time while number of breeds not is decreasing (Fig. 12a). The trends for transboundary breeds are not that pronounced: however, number of breeds being not is decreasing while number of breeds with unknown status increases steadily. The grey charts indicate that number of local breeds with reported population data was rar high during preparation phase for first report on State of World s Animal Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture and decreases since n while number of transboundary breeds without reported population data in DAD-IS is increasing over last years. Figure 12a. Trends in status of local breeds and number of local breeds with unknown status from 2005 to 2014

25 CGRFA-15/15/Inf Figure 12b. Trends in status of transboundary breeds and number of transboundary breeds with unknown status from 2005 to 2014 VI. Conclusions During period between June 2012 and June 2014 coverage of Global Databank for Animal Genetic Resources improved. However, breed-related information remains far from complete. For almost 60 percent of all reported breeds, status is not known because of missing population data or lack of recent updates. The completeness of data is shown, by country, in Annexes 1 and 2. Previous attempts to summarize global trends in breed status have been affected by confounding effects of ongoing corrections to breed inventories. The proposals for reducing effects of such changes set out in document Targets and indicators for animal genetic resources 9 were applied in calculation of figures presented in present report. This allows for first time a meaningful interpretation of trends in status of breeds showing an increase of breeds being of extinction over last ten years. However, lack of population data hides real degree of erosion. National Coordinators also need to enter any historical population data that are available to m, as this will provide a more complete set of data with which to calculate trends in breed population size, breed structure and diversity. The current state of data availability and updating means that it is not possible to draw reliable conclusions regarding global trends in diversity as represented by proportion of total population accounted for by locally adapted breeds. If future status and trends reports are to provide meaningful inputs to decision-making in animal genetic resources management, re is an urgent need for National Coordinators for Management of Animal Genetic Resources to improve (i) completeness and frequency of reporting on sizes of ir national breed populations, including for exotic breeds, and (ii) to classify all ir national breed populations into adaptedness categories (locally adapted or exotic). Furrmore, as cross-bred animals probably represent majority of domestic animals in many countries a way to define cross breed populations and to capture size of national crossbred populations in DAD-IS needs to be investigated to present a realistic proportion of total population accounted for by locally adapted breeds. Due to lack of data regarding adaptedness class of breeds, figures and tables based on this classification system can only be considered as examples for presenting such type of data in future reports. 9 CGRFA/WG-AnGR-7/12/7 (

26 22 CGRFA-15/15/Inf.18 Annex 1 Status of population data reported by each country and region 1.1. Africa 1.2. Asia 1.3. Europe and Caucasus 1.4. Latin America and Caribbean 1.5. Near and Middle East 1.6. North America 1.7. Southwest Pacific This annex allows countries to view state of completeness of ir breed population data in DAD- IS. They can also see how ir progress in entering population data compares to that of or countries in ir respective regions. Two graphics are presented for each region. The first shows number of breeds for which population data have been recorded and number of breeds that have been entered into DAD-IS for which no population data have yet been recorded. The second graphic presents two furr measures of data completeness: average number of years for which population has been reported per breed and population data index. The latter relates only to breeds for which some population data have been entered it represents fraction of selected population data fields (population size, number of breeding females, number of breeding males and percentage of females bred to males of same breed) that contain data, averaged across breeds and years. The figures also show most recent year for which population data are available from a given country. Dependent territories are listed below respective country.

27 last year of population data CGRFA-15/15/Inf Africa Algeria Angola Benin Botswana Burkina Faso Burundi Cameroon Cape Verde Central African Republic Chad Comoros Congo Côte d'ivoire Democratic Republic of Congo Djibouti Equatorial Guinea Eritrea Ethiopia Gabon Gambia Ghana Guinea Guinea-Bissau Kenya Lesotho Liberia Madagascar Malawi Mali Mauritania Mauritius Morocco Mozambique Namibia Niger Nigeria Rwanda Sao Tome and Principe Senegal Seychelles Sierra Leone Somalia South Africa South Sudan Swaziland Togo Tunisia Uganda United Republic of Tanzania Western Sahara Zambia Zimbabwe number of national breed populations recorded Algeria Angola Benin Botswana Burkina Faso Burundi Cameroon Cape Verde Central African Republic Chad Comoros Congo Côte d'ivoire Democratic Republic of Congo Djibouti Equatorial Guinea Eritrea Ethiopia Gabon Gambia Ghana Guinea Guinea-Bissau Kenya Lesotho Liberia Madagascar Malawi Mali Mauritania Mauritius Morocco Mozambique Namibia Niger Nigeria Rwanda Sao Tome and Principe Senegal Seychelles Sierra Leone Somalia South Africa South Sudan Swaziland Togo Tunisia Uganda United Republic of Tanzania Western Sahara Zambia Zimbabwe population data index average number of years of population data per breed with population data without population data average number of years of population data per breed population data index

28 last year of population data 24 CGRFA-15/15/Inf Asia number of national breed populations recorded population data index Afghanistan Afghanistan Bangladesh Bangladesh Bhutan Bhutan Brunei Darussalam Brunei Darussalam Cambodia Cambodia China China Democratic People's Republic of Korea Democratic People's Republic of Korea India India Indonesia Indonesia Iran (Islamic Republic of) Iran (Islamic Republic of) 2003 Japan Japan Kazakhstan Kazakhstan Kyrgyzstan Kyrgyzstan Lao People's Democratic Republic Lao People's Democratic Republic Malaysia Malaysia Maldives Maldives 1994 Mongolia Mongolia Myanmar Myanmar Nepal Nepal Pakistan Pakistan Papua New Guinea Papua New Guinea Philippines Philippines Republic of Korea Republic of Korea Singapore Singapore Sri Lanka Sri Lanka Tajikistan Tajikistan Thailand Thailand Timor-Leste Timor-Leste Turkmenistan Turkmenistan Uzbekistan Uzbekistan Viet Nam Viet Nam average number of years of population data per breed with population data without population data average number of years of population data per breed population data index

29 last year of population data CGRFA-15/15/Inf Europe and Caucasus *A dispute exists between Governments of Argentina and United Kingdom of Great Britain and Norrn Ireland concerning sovereignty over Falkland Islands (Malvinas). (Editorial directive ST/CS/SER.A/42, United Nations Secretariat, 3 August 1999)

30 last year of population data 26 CGRFA-15/15/Inf Latin America and Caribbean number of national breed populations recorded population data index Antigua and Barbuda Argentina Bahamas Barbados Belize Bolivia (Plurinational State of) Brazil Chile Colombia Costa Rica Cuba Dominica Dominican Republic Ecuador El Salvador Grenada Guatemala Guyana Haiti Honduras Jamaica Mexico Nicaragua Panama Paraguay Peru Saint Kitts and Nevis Saint Lucia Saint Vincent and Grenadines Suriname Trinidad and Tobago Uruguay Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of) Antigua and Barbuda Argentina Bahamas Barbados Belize Bolivia (Plurinational State of) Brazil Chile Colombia Costa Rica Cuba Dominica Dominican Republic Ecuador El Salvador Grenada Guatemala Guyana Haiti Honduras Jamaica Mexico Nicaragua Panama Paraguay Peru Saint Kitts and Nevis Saint Lucia Saint Vincent and Grenadines Suriname Trinidad and Tobago Uruguay Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of) average number of years of population data per breed with population data without population data average number of years of population data per breed population data index

31 last year of population data CGRFA-15/15/Inf Near and Middle East number of national breed populations recorded population data index Bahrain Bahrain Egypt Egypt Iraq Iraq Jordan Jordan Kuwait Kuwait Lebanon Lebanon Libya Libya Oman Oman Qatar Qatar Saudi Arabia Saudi Arabia Sudan Sudan Syrian Arab Republic Syrian Arab Republic United Arab Emirates United Arab Emirates Yemen Yemen average number of years of population data per breed with population data without population data average number of years of population data per breed population data index

32 last year of population data 28 CGRFA-15/15/Inf North America number of national breed populations recorded population data index Canada Canada United States of America United States of America American Samoa American Samoa Guam Guam Johnston Island Johnston Island Midway Island Midway Island Norrn Mariana Islands Norrn Mariana Islands Puerto Rico Puerto Rico United States Virgin Islands United States Virgin Islands 1990 Wake Island Wake Island average number of years of population data per breed with population data without population data average number of years of population data per breed population data index

33 last year of population data CGRFA-15/15/Inf Southwest Pacific number of national breed populations recorded population data index Australia Australia Norfolk Island Norfolk Island Cook Islands Cook Islands Fiji Fiji 2004 Kiribati Kiribati Marshall Islands Marshall Islands Micronesia (Federated States of) Micronesia (Federated States of) Nauru Nauru New Zealand New Zealand Tokelau Tokelau Niue Niue 2000 Palau Palau Samoa Samoa 2004 Solomon Islands Solomon Islands 1995 Tonga Tonga 2001 Tuvalu Tuvalu 2002 Vanuatu Vanuatu average number of years of population data per breed with population data without population data average number of years of population data per breed population data index

34 30 CGRFA-15/15/Inf.18 Annex 2 Number of local and transboundary breeds by status category reported by each country and region 2.0. Regional overview 2.1. Africa 2.2. Asia 2.3. Europe and Caucasus 2.4. Latin America and Caribbean 2.5. Near and Middle East 2.6. North America 2.7. Southwest Pacific The tables in this annex show number of local, regional transboundary and international transboundary breeds and ir respective statuses by region and by country. Dependent territories are listed below respective country. The tables will help countries to identify need for action in surveying and monitoring and in conservation. Number of local, exotic breeds for country is given in brackets. Asia Europe and Caucasus Latin America and Caribbean Near and Middle East North America Southwest Pacific World Africa Local Regional International Country not at not at not at 2.0 Regional Overview Local Regional International not at unknown known known not at un- not at un- Total Region Africa unknown unknown unknown Algeria Angola Benin Botswana Burkina Faso Burundi (3) Cameroon Cape Verde Central African Republic Chad Comoros Congo Côte d'ivoire Democratic Republic of Congo Djibouti Equatorial Guinea Total

35 CGRFA-15/15/Inf Africa Local Regional International Country not at not at not at unknown unknown unknown Eritrea Ethiopia Gabon (1) Gambia Ghana Guinea Guinea-Bissau Kenya Lesotho (4) Liberia Madagascar Malawi Mali Mauritania Mauritius (1) Morocco Mozambique Namibia Niger Nigeria Rwanda Sao Tome and Principe Senegal 0 9 (1) Seychelles Sierra Leone Somalia South Africa South Sudan Swaziland Togo Tunisia Uganda United Republic of Tanzania Western Sahara Zambia Zimbabwe Total

36 32 CGRFA-15/15/Inf Asia Local Regional International not at unknown known not at un- not at unknown Country Afghanistan Bangladesh Bhutan Brunei Darussalam Cambodia China Democratic People's Republic of Korea India Indonesia (20) Iran (Islamic Republic of) Japan Kazakhstan Kyrgyzstan Lao People's Democratic Republic Malaysia Maldives Mongolia Myanmar Nepal Pakistan Papua New Guinea Philippines Republic of Korea Singapore Sri Lanka Tajikistan Thailand Timor-Leste Turkmenistan Uzbekistan Viet Nam Total

37 CGRFA-15/15/Inf Europe and Caucasus Local Regional International Country not at at not at not at unknown unknown unknown Albania Andorra Armenia Austria Azerbaijan Belarus Belgium Bosnia and Herzegovina Bulgaria 38 (11) 27 (3) 6 (1) Croatia Cyprus Czech Republic 23 (2) 9 (2) Denmark Faroe Islands Greenland Estonia Finland France French Guiana French Polynesia French Sourn and Antarctic Territories Guadeloupe Martinique Mayotte New Caledonia Réunion Saint Pierre and Miquelon Wallis and Futuna Islands Georgia Germany Greece Hungary (2) 48 (1) Iceland Ireland 14 (4) Israel Italy Latvia 13 (11) 5 (3) 4 (1) Liechtenstein Lithuania Luxembourg Malta Monaco Montenegro Nerlands 77 (10) 23 8 (3) Aruba Total

38 34 CGRFA-15/15/Inf Europe and Caucasus Local Regional International not at unknown known known at not at un- not at un- Total Country Nerlands Antilles Norway Svalbard and Jan Mayen Islands Poland Portugal Azores Islands Madeira Islands Republic of Moldova Romania Russian Federation San Marino Serbia Slovakia Slovenia (1) Spain Sweden Switzerland 6 (2) The Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia Turkey Ukraine United Kingdom 46 (11) 28 (4) 207 (72) Anguilla Bermuda British Indian Ocean Territory British Virgin Islands Cayman Islands Falkland Islands (Malvinas) Gibraltar Montserrat Pitcairn Islands Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha Turks and Caicos Islands A dispute exists between Governments of Argentina and United Kingdom of Great Britain and Norrn Ireland concerning sovereignty over Falkland Islands (Malvinas). (Editorial directive ST/CS/SER.A/42, United Nations Secretariat, 3 August 1999)

39 CGRFA-15/15/Inf Latin America and Caribbean Country Local Regional International not at unknown at not at not at Antigua and Barbuda Argentina Bahamas Barbados Belize Bolivia (Plurinational State of) Brazil Chile Colombia Costa Rica Cuba Dominica Dominican Republic Ecuador El Salvador Grenada Guatemala Guyana Haiti Honduras Jamaica Mexico Nicaragua Panama Paraguay Peru 4 (1) 1 29 (16) Saint Kitts and Nevis Saint Lucia Saint Vincent and Grenadines Suriname (3) Trinidad and Tobago Uruguay 1 (1) 2 (1) 54 (40) Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of) unknown unknown 2.5 Near and Middle East Local Regional International not at unknown known known not at un- not at un- Total Country Bahrain Egypt Iraq (1) Jordan Kuwait Lebanon Libya Oman Qatar Total

40 36 CGRFA-15/15/Inf.18 Sudan (1) Syrian Arab Republic United Arab Emirates Yemen North America Local Regional International Country not at not at not at Canada United States of America American Samoa Guam Johnston Island Midway Island Norrn Mariana Islands Puerto Rico United States Virgin Islands Wake Island Near and Middle East Local Regional International not at unknown known known not at un- not at un- Total Country Saudi Arabia unknown unknown unknown 2.7 Southwest Pacific Local Regional International not at unknown known known not at un- not at un- Total Country Australia Norfolk Island Cook Islands Fiji Kiribati Marshall Islands Micronesia (Federated States of) Nauru New Zealand Tokelau Niue Palau Samoa Solomon Islands Tonga Tuvalu Vanuatu Total