REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH, ECONOMIC GROWTH AND POVERTY REDUCTION: A FRAMEWORK. Olu Ajakaiye & Germano Mwabu December 9, 2007, Arusha, Tanzania

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1 REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH, ECONOMIC GROWTH AND POVERTY REDUCTION: A FRAMEWORK Olu Ajakaiye & Germano Mwabu December 9, 2007, Arusha, Tanzania

2 Introduction This is an AERC Collaborative Research Project funded by The Hewlett Foundation It is a component of AERC Growth-Poverty Nexus Project Coverage: SSA Duration: 2 years

3 What is reproductive health? Health associated with reproduction (processes) of populations: Examples include: Health of mothers before conception, during pregnancy, during child birth, and after birth; Health of children in utero, at birth, at neonatal stage, and during the first five years of life; Health at the reproductive age (15-49 years for women) and? years for men; Adolescent health (13-19 years); Reproductive health indicators: morbidity and mortality at these age groups; birth weight & Apgar scores for newborns etc.

4 Reproductive Health, Economic Growth and Poverty Reduction Nexus Reproductive health care systems provide the health inputs (including medical professionals) that households use to produce reproductive health. Demand for Reproductive Health Care Cost Effectiveness Analysis

5 The Nexus Reproductive health increases well-being directly, and enables production of goods and services. If wage or self-employment is available, improvements in reproductive health will enhance Wage income Entrepreneurial income Government fiscal posture --That is, economic growth will occur.

6 The Nexus However, economic growth may not reduce poverty if: It is not broadly shared; Labor productivity is low. Equity and remunerative employment are key to poverty reduction.

7 The Nexus Farmers, micro and small-scale businesses must be able to sell their products profitably if they are to move out of poverty. Markets for labor intensive products are essential for poverty to decline as reproductive health improves.

8 The Nexus If employment is unavailable, improvements in reproductive health may not reduce poverty; The additional labor supply can depress wages or increase unemployment; However, conducive macroeconomic environment can enable healthy population to create employment opportunities for themselves and others.

9 Economic Effects of Maternal Health: Schematic Summary F igure 1: E F F E C T S O F I M P R O V E M E N T I N M O T H E R S H E A L T H S T A T U S G o v e r n m D o n o r s e n t & R E P R O D U C T I V E H E A L T H C A R E R E P R O D U C T I V E H E A L T H O F M O T H E R H E A L T H O F F A M I L Y E co n o m ic O p p o rtu n ities G o v e r n m D o n o r s e n t & F A M I L Y I N C O M E P O V E R Y S T A T U S O F F A M I L Y

10 Economic Effects of Improvements in Child Health: Schematic Summary Figure 2: E F F E C T S O F C H I L D H E A L T H G o v e rn m e n t & D onors R E P R O D U C T IV E H E A L T H C A R E R E P R O D U C T IV E H E A L T H O F M O T H E R H E A L T H C A P A C I T I E S O F F A M I L Y E co n o m ic O p p o rtu n ities G o v e rn m e n t & D onors FAM ILY IN COM E POVERTY STA TUS O F F A M IL Y

11 Conclusion Reproductive health can improve without growth occurring. Growth can occur without poverty reduction. The necessary conditions that link improvements in reproductive health to growth and to poverty reduction include: Employment opportunities. Markets for labor intensive products. Favorable macroeconomic environment in which a healthy population can create wealth. Pro-poor institutions e.g. safety nets.

12 WORK PROGRAMME FRAMEWORK PAPERS REVIEW WORKSHOP HELD AND REVISED PAPERS IN PUBLICATION PROCESS CALL FOR PROPOSALS ISSUED PROPOSALS RECEIVED AND EXTERNALLY REVIEWED GRANTS ISSUED TO SUCCESSFUL APPLICANTS FIRST METHODOLOGICAL WORKSHOP FOR RESEARCHERS HELD

13 WORK PROGRAMME CASE STUDIES ON-GOING IN 16 COUNTRIES:: KENYA, UGANDA, TANZANIA, ETHIOPIA, MALAWI, MOZAMBIQUE, ZAMBIA, MAURITIUS, CONGO, CAMEROON, NIGERIA, GHANA, GUINEA, SENEGAL, BENIN, BOSTWANA REVIEW OF INTERIM REPORTS AND SECOND METHODOLOGICAL WORKSHOP PLANNED FOR FIRST QUARTER 2008 FINAL REPORTS OF15 FEMAND AND 13 CEA STUDIES EXPECTED BY THE LAST QUARTER OF 2008

14 THANK YOU