Regional Operations Business Plan. Project Number: October Pacific

Transcription

1 Regional Operations Business Plan Project Number: October 2012 Pacific

2 ABBREVIATIONS ADB Asian Development Bank DMC developing member country ICT information and communication technology ROBP regional operations business plan SME TA small and medium enterprise technical assistance TFP trade finance program NOTE In this report, $ refers to US dollars unless otherwise stated. Vice President S. Groff, Operations 2 Director General X. Yao, Pacific Department (PARD) Deputy Director General A. Konishi, PARD Team leader Team members E. Veve, Principal Economist, PARD E. Araneta, Principal Operations Coordination Specialist, Private Sector Operations Department (PSOD) C. Edmonds, Senior Economist, PARD N. Galang, Operations Officer, PARD A. Gill, Senior Country Specialist, PARD S. Khan, Senior Transport Specialist, PARD K. Lao-Araya, Senior Private Sector Development Specialist, Pacific Liaison and Coordination Office, PARD S. Lee, Principal Social Development Specialist (Gender and Development), PARD A. Maxwell, Senior Energy Specialist, PARD P. Safran, Senior Operations Coordination Specialist (Fragile Situations), PARD J. Surtani, Senior Investment Specialist, PSOD S. Tanaka, Social Development Specialist, PARD J. van Rijn, Senior Public Management Specialist, PARD A. Woodruff, Urban Development Specialist, PARD In preparing any country program or strategy, financing any project, or by making any designation of or reference to a particular territory or geographic area in this document, the Asian Development Bank does not intend to make any judgments as to the legal or other status of any territory or area.

3 CONTENTS Page I. CONSISTENCY OF THE BUSINESS PLAN WITH THE COUNTRY PARTNERSHIP STRATEGY 1 II. INDICATIVE RESOURCE PARAMETERS 1 III. SUMMARY OF CHANGES IN LENDING AND NONLENDING PROGRAMS 2 APPENDIXES 1. Updated Regional Business Plan Results Framework 3 2. List of Linked Documents 6 3. Indicative Assistance Pipeline 7 4. Assistance Program for the Current Year 10

4 I. CONSISTENCY OF THE BUSINESS PLAN WITH THE REGIONAL STRATEGY 1. The Pacific Approach of the Asian Development Bank (ADB) 1 is guided by ADB s Strategy and the Pacific region s own Pacific Plan. 3 The Pacific Approach has as its goal sustained and resilient, improved standards of living, and the operating priorities set out in this regional operations business plan (ROBP) support the achievement of that goal. An updated regional business results framework is in Appendix Regionalism in the Pacific has a different face than regionalism in the rest of Asia. While there has been long-standing cooperation within the region, with key regional organizations functioning for more than 40 years, the degree of regional integration is still low. The Pacific Approach therefore presented an agenda aimed at fostering connectivity, consensus, and a greater sense of Pacific community through (i) inclusive and environmentally sustainable growth, (ii) good governance, and (iii) regional cooperation and integration Advances in information and communication technology (ICT) are providing the Pacific with never-before-encountered opportunities to overcome the constraints of isolation. ADB is at the forefront of this sea change. Indeed, ICT also underpins the potential for strengthened regional integration as a facilitator of inclusive growth. In contrast to the resource-rich Pacific developing member countries (DMC), where recent annual growth rates have been as high as 10%, the resource- and capacity-poor atoll countries struggle to keep their economies growing faster than their populations. This mixed economic performance gives urgency to regional integration. The pilot testing of regional service provision will build support for integration. 4. Most of ADB s Pacific DMCs are fragile and conflict affected. ADB will strive harder to engage with the fragile situations, beyond the momentum gained thus far. ADB s field presence in the Pacific will be strengthened through cooperation and resource sharing with major development partners, complementing the development efforts of civil society and the private sector. 5. The development priorities defined in the ROBP build on existing engagement with the region and reinforce assistance provided to the individual countries. Close coordination with other development partners assisting the region promotes both efficiency and effectiveness. The current annual seven-party development partner meetings 5 will continue and will be fortified by more frequent technical contact, close engagement with key regional development agencies, and efforts to form new development partnerships. II. INDICATIVE RESOURCE PARAMETERS 6. Lending from ADB resources for regional projects is expected to average $9.5 million annually over but this may substantially increase if the project concepts of some of the potential projects are developed and consensus among stakeholders are obtained. Use of regional set aside Asian Development Fund resources will be explored where possible and 1 ADB ADB s Pacific Approach Manila (see list of linked documents in Appendix 2). 2 ADB Strategy 2020: The Long-Term Strategic Framework of the Asian Development Bank, Manila (see list of linked documents in Appendix 2). 3 Pacific Islands Forum Secretariat The Pacific Plan. Suva, Fiji. (see list of linked documents in Appendix 2). 4 The Pacific Approach has as its operational priorities transport, information and communication technology (ICT), energy, urban development, water and sanitation, and education. Six drivers of change are identified: improved private sector environment, public sector management, capacity development, climate change adaptation and mitigation, development partnerships, and gender mainstreaming. 5 The participants at the annual Heptagon meeting are ADB, the Australian Agency for International Development (AusAID), the European Investment Bank and the European Union, the International Monetary Fund, the Japan International Cooperation Agency, the New Zealand Aid Programme, and the World Bank Group (including the International Finance Corporation).

5 2 cofinancing will be sought to augment resources for priority projects. Technical assistance (TA) is the predominant form of ADB support for the region. Regional TA is anticipated to average $18.0 million annually, over half of this from cofinancing. III. SUMMARY OF CHANGES IN LENDING AND NONLENDING PROGRAMS 7. This ROBP updates the lending and nonlending programs contained in the ROBP The assistance pipeline for is in Appendix 3 and the pipeline for 2012 is in Appendix Lending program. Better regional connectivity will be supported throughout the ROBP period. Developments in ICT will give the geographically dispersed Pacific countries opportunities to rise above the constraints of isolation. A submarine fiber optic cable project, contributing to regional interconnectivity, is included. 7 Moreover, because the lack of adequate human resources is a key development constraint in the Pacific, the 2012 Higher Education in the Pacific Investment Program with the University of the South Pacific will foster higher education and training under a multitranche financing facility, with subsequent tranches programmed for late 2013 and for ADB will start implementing its trade finance program (TFP) in the Pacific region in early TFP fills private sector market gaps for trade finance by providing guarantees and loans through banks to support trade, so promoting economic growth and job creation. 10. Nonlending program. The nonlending program will emphasize the strengthening of core government functions including policy formulation, financial management, and public sector management. ADB will maintain its support for regional bodies such as the Pacific Regional Audit Initiative, and the Pacific Financial Technical Assistance Centre in the area of public sector management. Regional common services (e.g., statistics) will also be supported where feasible, to demonstrate improved service delivery while preserving policy sovereignty. 11. Connectivity will be enhanced and the ICT investment program will be complemented by regional TA support for stricter regulation of ICT and the use of ICT in improved social services. Connectivity will also be strengthened through transport links that facilitate trade and promote inclusive growth. Regional activities aimed at leveraging greater development benefits from support extended to the individual countries will also be implemented. For example, regional TA will uphold national priorities in renewable energy, education, and skills development. 12. Successful areas of ongoing regional assistance, such as the Private Sector Development Initiative and the Pacific Economic Management TA, will continue. New inclusions in the program, addressing the challenge of climate change, comprise Strengthening Climate Risk and Resilience Capacity in Urban Development in the Pacific, and Strengthening the Capacity of Pacific DMCs to Respond to Climate Change (Phase 2). 13. Previously, the implementation of regional nonlending programs was delayed by funding limitations. In response, increased emphasis is placed on developing partnerships to support the cofinancing of regional activities and a focused forward pipeline is presented. Partnerships are leveraged to strengthen knowledge products, with coordinated work progressing under the Pacific Futures 2030 umbrella. 6 ADB Pacific Regional Operations Business Plan Manila. 7 Two other submarine fiber optic cable projects included in country operations business plans (Samoa and Vanuatu) will also have regional integration benefits. Similarly, as appropriate, regional funding will be sought for national port and airport projects in country operations business plans. 8 TFP has been successfully implemented in 16 DMCs, supporting more than $6 billion in trade and over 1,000 small and medium enterprises (SMEs) in the past 2 years. See ADB Trade Finance Facilitation Program. Manila.

6 UPDATED REGIONAL BUSINESS PLAN RESULTS FRAMEWORK, (Board endorsement of the Pacific Approach: 2009; ROBP October 2012) Pacific Plan Development Goals In accordance with the leaders vision and other decisions relating to its implementation, the Pacific Plan has the goal of enhancing and stimulating economic growth, sustainable development, good governance, and security for the Pacific countries through regionalism. To meet this goal, the strategic objectives of the Pacific Plan are (i) economic growth, (ii) sustainable development, (iii) good governance, and (iv) improved political and social conditions for stability and safety. Sectors Selected by ADB ADB Indicative Resource Regional Sector Outcomes that ADB Allocation in the Next Pipeline Objectives Contributes to and Indicators ADB Areas of Intervention and Thematic Priorities 1. Transport and ICT (Strategy 2020 Core Area 1: Infrastructure) Improved efficiency Investment and knowledge support PRIF, PIAC, PASO and effectiveness of for better transport and ICT infrastructure development and service delivery Solomon Islands Broadband development and made widely available to Pacific Project associated service DMC stakeholders (indicator: Micronesia Fiber Optic delivery PRIF/PIAC, and PASO provide highquality technical and policy Cable Project advice) Improved domestic and international access for rural produce and commodities and low-cost reliable communications (indicator: additional transport and communication system connections in the Pacific: roads built or upgraded [km], wharves built or upgraded [number], decrease in communication service cost, beneficiaries from projects [number]) ICT for Better Social Services Transport Connectivity for Trade and Inclusive Growth Strengthening Regulatory Capacity for ICT Development in the Pacific Strategic Sector Planning $67.2 million, 43.5% of total ROBP projected financing, of which RCI: 100% PSD: 50% $19.1 million approved by end of 2012, 12.4% of total ROBP RCI: 100% PSD: 50% 2. Public Sector Management (Strategy 2020 Drivers of Change 2: Good Governance and Capacity Development) Improved Public accounts of participating Pacific Regional Audit transparency and countries are audited in a timely Initiative, PEM, PFTAC accountability in manner to maintain uniformly high managing and using standards, with enhanced audit Public Sector Management public resources impact and improved audit capability Strengthened capacity to manage for inclusive economic growth, Improved economic policies adopted as recorded in annual CPA ratings Increased incidence of public Strengthening Public Financial Management Building Capacity for Statistics Results-Based Project $28.0 million, 18.2% of total ROBP RCI: 100% $3.8 million approved by end of 2012, 2.5% of total ROBP Changes from Last ROBP Changes from Last ROBP Additional financing for PIAC PSD included as a thematic priority being supported through these sector activities Sector aligned with 2009 project classification Continued support for PFTAC, PEM, and Pacific Regional Audit Initiative; statistics- and results-based management; and development coordination offices New umbrella PSM TA Civil society strengthening Appendix 1 3

7 Sectors Selected by ADB Regional Objectives improve public sector economic and fiscal management and regulation, and formulate and analyze policy Sector Outcomes that ADB Contributes to and Indicators community partnerships in delivery of public services 3. Gender Equity (Strategy 2020 Drivers of Change 2: Gender Equity) Improved gender Improved enabling environment for equality and gender mainstreaming as recorded women s in annual CPAs empowerment Improved technical capacity for gender analysis and policy development 4. Energy (Strategy 2020 Core Area 1: Infrastructure) Increased efficiency Improved energy security (proportion of energy use, of energy imported), increased increased access to deployment of renewable energy, renewable energy, greater affordability of energy and improvements services (power tariffs, $/kwh), and in demand-side reduced greenhouse gas emissions energy management from the power sector (tco 2 /MWh) practices ADB Areas of Intervention Management Enhanced Engagement with Pacific DMCs Promoting Evidence-Based Policy Making for Gender Equity in the Pacific Strengthening Social Protection Systems PIAC and PRIF Increasing Access to Renewable Energy Strategic Sector Planning 5. Environmental Sustainability (Strategy 2020 Core Area 2: Environment) Reduced Continued economic growth in the Strengthening the Capacity vulnerability of face of global climate change of Pacific Developing Pacific DMCs to Member Countries to risks and impact of Increased resilience in the face of Respond to Climate Change global climate natural disasters change Adaptation to Climate ADB Indicative Resource Allocation in the Next Pipeline and Thematic Priorities RCI: 100% $2.5 million, 1.6% of total ROBP RCI: 100% GEN: 100% None approved by end of 2012 $6.1 million, 3.9% of total ROBP ENV: 50% RCI: 50% $1.3 million, approved by end of 2012, 0.8% of total ROBP ENV: 50% RCI: 50% $7.8 million, 5.1% of total ROBP ENV: 100% RCI: 0% Changes from Last ROBP objective removed Sector aligned with 2009 project classification TA delayed until 2014 New engagement in support of social protection Reduced pipeline regional energy portfolio with proposed energy activities shifted to country programs Sector aligned with 2009 project classification Support for disaster risk management reflected in sector outcomes New intervention in solid waste management 4 Appendix 1

8 Sectors Selected by ADB Regional Objectives Sector Outcomes that ADB Contributes to and Indicators ADB Areas of Intervention Change in the Coral Triangle in the Pacific Strengthening Climate Risk and Resilience Capacity Solid Waste Management ADB Indicative Resource Allocation in the Next Pipeline and Thematic Priorities $1.0 million, approved by end of 2012, 0.7% of total ROBP ENV: 100% RCI: 0% Changes from Last ROBP 6. Private Sector Development (Strategy 2020 Drivers of Change 2: Private Sector Development and Private Sector Operations) Increased private sector participation in, and contribution to, development Measurable improvement in the business environment as demonstrated by selected indicators corresponding to PSDI activities in Pacific DMCs PSDI (Phase 3) with 3 focus areas: (i) access to finance, (ii) business law reform, and (iii) SOE reform and PPP with economic empowerment of women as a crosscutting theme $20.0 million, 13.0% of total ROBP RCI: 0% PSD: 100% Continued support for PSDI 7. Education (Strategy 2020 Core Area 5: Education) Improved access to, Improved education, infrastructure, and quality of, and learning materials and school education management Trade Facilitation Higher Education Skills Strategy and Labor Market Analysis Quality Primary Education None approved by end of 2012 $22.7 million, 14.7% of total ROBP RCI: 100% $4.0 million, approved by end of 2012, 2.6% of total ROBP RCI: 100% Higher-education project with the University of the South Pacific now covered by a multitranche financing facility New Skills Strategy and Quality Primary Education TAs ADB = Asian Development Bank, CPA = country performance assessment, DMC = developing member country, ENV = environment, GEF = Global Environment Facility, GEN = gender, ICT = information and communication technology, kwh = kilowatt-hour, MfDR = managing for development results, MWh = megawatt-hour, PASO = Pacific Aviation Safety Office, PCCP = Pacific Climate Change Program, PEM = Pacific Economic Management, PFTAC = Pacific Financial Technical Assistance Centre, PIAC = Pacific Infrastructure Advisory Center, PPP = public private partnership, PRIF = Pacific Region Infrastructure Facility, PSD = private sector development, PSDI = Private Sector Development Initiative, PSM = Public Sector Management, RCI = regional cooperation and integration, ROBP = regional operations business plan, SOE = state-owned enterprise, tco 2 = total carbon dioxide, TA = technical assistance. Source: ADB. Appendix 1 5

9 6 Appendix 2 LIST OF LINKED DOCUMENTS 1. ADB Pacific Approach Strategy 2020: The Long-Term Strategic Framework of the Asian Development Bank, The Pacific Plan, Pacific Islands Forum Secretariat

10 INDICATIVE ASSISTANCE PIPELINE Table A3.1: Lending Products, Targeting Year Cost ($ million) ADB Project/Program Name Sector a Classification Theme Division PPTA Total OCR Loans Grants Total Gov t finance Primary of ADF Co Firm Higher Education in the EDU GI SOD PAUS na Pacific Investment Program (MFF, Tranche 2) Strategic Program for Climate MUL GI ENV PATE na Resilience Regional Track Micronesian Fiber Optic Cable TCT TI-M SOD PAUS na Project (FSM and PAL) Total Firm Higher Education in the EDU GI SOD PAUS na Pacific Investment Program (MFF, Tranche 3) Total Firm None Total ADB = Asian Development Bank; ADF = Asian Development Fund; EDU = education; ENV = environment; FSM = Federated States of Micronesia; GI = general intervention; Gov t = government; MFF = multitranche financing facility; MUL = multisector; OCR = ordinary capital resources; PAL = Palau; PATE = Transport, Energy, and Natural Resources Division; PAUS = Urban, Social Development and Public Management Division; PDA = project design advance; PPTA = project preparatory technical assistance; SOD = social development; TCT = transport and information and communication technology; TI-M = targeted intervention Millennium Development Goals. Source: ADB. Appendix 3 7

11 Table A3.2: Nonlending Products and Services, Sources of Funding ADB Others Assistance Name Sector Division Assistance Type Source Amount ($ 000) Source Amount ($'000) Total ($'000) 2013 Support on a Skills Strategy and Labor Market Analysis EDU PAUS R-CDTA 0 TBD 1,000 1,000 for the Pacific Strengthening Social Protection Systems in the Pacific HSP PAUS R-CDTA Trust Fund 1, ,200 Pacific Private Sector Development Initiative, Phase 3 MUL PLCO R-PATA TASF 2,000 TBD 15,000 20,000 Trust Fund 3,000 Pacific Infrastructure Advisory Center, Phase 2 MUL PATE R-PATA 0 TBD 7,500 7,500 Developing Economic Linkages to Support Inclusive MUL PAOD RDTA Trust Fund 1, ,500 Growth Implementing the Pacific Regional Audit Initiative in PSM PAUS R-CDTA Trust Fund 1, ,300 Pacific Island Countries Public Sector Management PSM PAOD R-CDTA TASF 300 TBD 2,800 3,100 Strengthening Public Financial Management in Pacific PSM PAUS R-CDTA 0 TBD 1,000 1,000 DMCs Regional Connectivity of Maritime Infrastructure and TCT PATE R-PATA Trust Fund 1, ,500 Services in the Pacific ICT for Better Social Services in Tonga and Solomon TCT PAUS R-CDTA 0 TBD Islands Trade Facilitation in the Pacific TCT PATE R-PATA Trust Fund 1, ,000 Pacific Energy Update ENE PATE ETSW IAE Labor-Based Approaches in Infrastructure MUL PATE ETSW IAE Strengthening Country Safeguards Systems in the MUL PATE ETSW IAE Pacific Youth Employment and Sustainable Development in the SOD PAUS ETSW IAE Pacific Pacific Transport Update TCT PATE ETSW IAE Pacific Water Update WSM PATE ETSW IAE Total 11,800 27,800 38,600 8 Appendix Promoting Evidence-Based Policy Making for Gender HSP PAUS R-CDTA TASF 1,000 TBD 300 1,300 Equity in the Pacific, Phase 2 Building Capacity for Statistics in the Pacific, Phase 2 PSM PAUS R-CDTA Trust Fund 1, ,000 Pacific Financial Technical Assistance Center 2015 PSM PAUS R-CDTA TASF 1, , Enhanced Engagement in Pacific DMCs, Phase 3 PSM PAOD R-CDTA TASF 1,500 TBD 1,000 2,500 Pacific Economic Management, Subprogram 3 PSM PAOD R-CDTA TASF 500 TBD 2,000 2,500

12 Sources of Funding ADB Others Assistance Name Sector Division Assistance Type Source Amount ($ 000) Source Amount ($'000) Total ($'000) Strengthening Regulatory Capacity for ICT Development TCT PAUS R-CDTA Trust Fund in the Pacific, Phase 2 Solid Waste Management WSM PAUS RDTA TASF Pacific Energy Update ENE PATE ETSW IAE Pacific Water Update WSM PATE ETSW IAE Pacific Transport Update TCT PATE ETSW IAE Climate Change Proofing for Infrastructure Projects MUL PATE ETSW IAE Impacts of Interisland Shipping TCT PATE ETSW IAE Economic and Financial Impacts of Diesel Substitution ENE PATE ETSW IAE by Coconut Oil on Pacific Island Economies Total 7,100 3,300 10, Adaptation to Climate Change in the Coral Triangle ANR PATE R-CDTA TASF 1, ,000 Initiative in the Pacific Quality Education in the North Pacific, Phase 2 EDU PAUS R-CDTA Trust Fund 1, ,350 Increasing Access to Renewable Energy ENE PATE R-PATA TASF 1, ,000 Public Sector Management, Phase 2 PSM PAUS R-CDTA 0 TBD 8,000 8,000 Enhancing ADB's Engagement in Fragile and Conflict PSM PAUS R-CDTA TASF Affected Situations Pacific Economic and Social Analysis MUL PAOD RDTA TASF 1, ,000 Strengthening the Capacity of Pacific DMCs to Respond MUL PATE R-CDTA TASF 1, ,000 to Climate Change, Phase 2 (additional financing) ICT for Better Social Services in the Pacific TCT PAUS R-CDTA TASF 500 TBD 1,500 2,000 Pacific Aviation Safety Office, Phase 2 TCT PATE R-CDTA TASF 1, ,500 Pacific Energy Update ENE PATE ETSW IAE Pacific Water Update WSM PATE ETSW IAE Pacific Transport Update TCT PATE ETSW IAE Pacific Public Sector Management Update PSM PAUS ETSW IAE Developing Small Ports in the Pacific: Relevant TCT PATE ETSW IAE Performance Indicators and Lessons Learned Total 8,150 9,500 17,650 ANR = agriculture and natural resources; ADB = Asian Development Bank; R-CDTA = regional capacity development technical assistance; DMC = developing member country; EDU = education; ENE = energy; ETSW = economic, thematic, and sector work; HSP = health and social protection; IAE = internal administrative expenses; ICT = information and communication technology; MUL = multisector; PAOD = Office of the Director General, Pacific Department; R-PATA = regional policy and advisory technical assistance; PATE = Transport, Energy, and Natural Resources Division; PAUS = Urban, Social Development and Public Management Division; PLCO = Pacific Liaison and Coordination Office; PSM = public sector management; RDTA = research and development technical assistance; SOD = social development; TASF = Technical Assistance Special Fund; TBD = to be determined; TCT = transport and information and communication technology; WSM = water supply and other municipal infrastructure and services. Source: ADB. Appendix 3 9

13 Targeting Classification ASSISTANCE PROGRAM FOR CURRENT YEAR Table A4.1: Lending Products, 2012 Primary Theme Year of PPTA / PDA Cost ($ million) ADB ADF Loans Grants Total Cofinance Project/Program Name Sector Division Total OCR Gov t Firm Higher Education in the Pacific EDU GI SOD PAUS Investment Program - Tranche 1 Solomon Islands Broadband TCT TI-M SOD PAUS Project a Total ADB = Asian Development Bank; ADF = Asian Development Fund; EDU = education; GI = general intervention; Gov t = government; ICT = information and communication technology, OCR = ordinary capital resources; PAUS = Urban, Social Development and Public Management Division; PDA = project design advance; PPTA = project preparatory technical assistance; SOD = social development; TCT = transport and information and communication technology; TI-M = targeted intervention Millennium Development Goals. a This project was included in the Solomon Islands Country Operations Business Plan as Pacific Regional ICT Connectivity Project, Phase 2 as a $3 million ADF loan. Source: ADB. 10 Appendix 4

14 Table A4.2: Nonlending Products and Services, 2012 Sources of Funding ADB Others Assistance Name Sector Division Assistance Type Source Amount ($'000) Source Amount ($'000) Total ($'000) Quality Primary Education in the Pacific EDU PAUS R-CDTA Trust Fund 1, ,350 Scaling up Renewable Energy ENE PATE R-CDTA TASF Enhancing Engagement with Pacific PSM PAOD R-CDTA 0 TBD 2,016 2,016 Developing Member Countries, Phase 2 Facilitating Climate Change Financing in the MUL PATE R-CDTA TASF Pacific Results Based Strategy and Sector Planning in MUL SPSO R-PATA TASF the Pacific Strengthening Climate Risk and Resilience MUL PATE R-CDTA Trust Fund Capacity in Urban Development in the Pacific Establishment of the Pacific Infrastructure MUL PATE R-PATA 0 TBD 1,500 1,500 Advisory Center (additional financing) Enhancing ADB s Engagement in Fragile and PSM PAUS R-CDTA TASF Conflict Affected Situations Results-Based Project Management for Pacific PSM PAUS R-CDTA 0 TBD 1,000 1,000 Developing Member Countries, Phase 2 Strengthening Climate Risk and Resilience WSM PATE R-CDTA SCF Capacity of Pacific Developing Member Countries, Phase 1 Good Budget Management in the Pacific PSM SPSO ETSW IAE Pacific Energy Update ENE PATE ETSW IAE Public Enterprise Reform in Small States PSM SPSO ETSW IAE Total 3,900 4,711 8,611 ADB = Asian Development Bank; R-CDTA = regional capacity development technical assistance; EDU = education; ENE = energy; ETSW = economic, thematic, and sector work; IAE = internal administrative expense; MUL = multisector; PAOD = Office of the Director General, Pacific Department; R-PATA = regional policy and advisory technical assistance; PATE = Transport, Energy, and Natural Resources Division; PAUS = Urban, Social Development and Public Management Division; PSM = public sector management; SCF = Strategic Climate Fund; SPSO = Pacific Subregional Office; TASF = Technical Assistance Special Fund; TBD = to be determined; WSM = water supply and other municipal infrastructure and services. Source: ADB. Appendix 4 11