Appendices for the Environmental Impact Assessment of Appaluttoq Ruby Project for True North Gems Inc. June 2013

Transcription

1 Intended for TNG Document type EIA Appendices 1-4 Date June 2013 Appendices for the Environmental Impact Assessment of Appaluttoq Ruby Project for True North Gems Inc. June 2013 SUBMITTED TO THE BUREAU OF MINERALS AND PETROLEUM FOR THE PUBLIC HEARING

2 TABLE OF CONTENTS PAGE APPENDIX 1A AAPPALUTTOQ ENVIRONMENTAL STUDY. BASELINE (ENGLISH) 1 APPENDIX 1B AAPPALUTTOQ - AVATANGIISINIK MISISSUINEQ. PISSUTSINIK ATUUTTUNIK MISISSUINEQ (KALAALLISUT) 65 APPENDIX 2A AN ARCHAEOLOGICAL SURVEY IN TASIUSAA AREA (ENGLISH) 131 APPENDIX 2B TASIUSAAMI EQQAANILU 2010-MI UKIAKKUT KULTURIKKUT ERIAGISASSANIK (KALAALLISUT) 143 APPENDIX 3A HF CLEANING OF CORUNDUM CONCENTRATE (ENGLISH) 156 APPENDIX 3B HF ATORLUGU KORUND-INIK SALIINEQ (KALAALLISUT) 166 APPENDIX 3C RENSNING AF KORUND KONCENTRAT MED HF (DANSK) 177 APPENDIX 4A ASSESSMENT OF FERROSILICON IN THE DMS PROCESS (ENGLISH) 187 APPENDIX 4B FERROSILICON-I ATORLUGU DM-IMI IMMIKKOORTITERINERMI NALUNAARUSIAQ 192 APPENDIX 4C VURDERING AF FERROSILICONIUM I DMS PROCESSEN (DANSK) 198 APPENDIX 4D DURAMET DATA SHEET, WASHINGTON MILLS 203 APPENDIX 4E MATERIAL SAFETY DATA SHEET, WASHINGTON MILLS 206 APPENDIX 4F SAFETY DATA SHEET FOR DURAMET FROM WASHINGTON MILLS 209 True North Gems Inc.

3 -1- APPENDIX 1A AAPPALUTTOQ ENVIRONMENTAL STUDY. BASELINE (ENGLISH) True North Gems Inc.

4 - 2 - Aappaluttoq True North Gems environmental study Baseline August 2011

5 - 3 - True North Gems Aappaluttoq environmental study Baseline August 2011 Ref Version 6 Date Prepared by og, jan, jaf Checked by ssb Approved by og Rambøll Danmark A/S Bredevej 2 DK-2830 Virum Danmark Phone

6 - 4 - Table of contents 1. Introduction 1 2. Specific program activities Hydrology of Lake Katrina Water quality survey Lake Katrina Marine sampling Sediment Terrestrial samples Terrestrial survey References 31 Appendix A 1 Appendix B 1 Appendix C 3 Ref

7 Introduction This report summarize the environmental baseline study accomplished during the 2007, 2008 and 2009 field campaigns in the True North Gems concession area south of Qeqertarsuatsiaat/Fiskenæsset on the southwest coast of Greenland. The study focuses on the Aappaluttoq ruby occurrence by the shore of Lake Katrina The base line study has been implemented with the principal objective of delivering some of the baseline data necessary for an Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA). The EIA is a mandatory requirement for acquisition of an Exploitation License. Another important objective of the baseline study is to determine the state of the environment prior to the major mining activities. This part of the study is used as a frame of reference for the monitoring program which inevitably follows an exploitation license The Aappaluttoq ruby occurrence reaches down into the Lake Katrina and a third objective is to study the lake hydrology and basic hydrological features in case a lowering of the water table is necessary. Figure 1-1 Lake Katrina is located about 20 km southwest of the settlement Qeqertarsuatsiaat/Fiskenæsset and its surface is about 230 m above sea level. Ref /38

8 - 6 - The study focuses on Lake Katrina and it also covers rivers and relevant coastal marine areas in larger parts of the concession area including: An estimate of the hydrological balance of Lake Katrina based on flow measurements and on pressure sensors left in the lake for 23 months. Sampling of limnological parameters of Lake Katrina Sampling of water quality baseline for Lake Katrina, its tributaries and outlet A water quality baseline for 20 streams and lakes in other parts of the concession area. A heavy metal baseline for marine biological components A heavy metal baseline for terrestrial lichens A terrestrial survey including a general floristic description of the area. Figure 1-2 Lake Katrina seen from south. The large eastern basin and one of the small tributaries are seen in the foreground. The outlet is to the north from the most distant end of the small basin. 2. Specific program activities This report summarizes the field activities accomplished during September , September and August Details on positions, measurements and analyses are found in the appendixes. 2.1 Hydrology of Lake Katrina The Aappaluttoq ruby occurrence is situated by the shore of Lake Katrina. The lake is split in two main basins by two peninsulas connected by a shallow sill. The occurrence is located on the peninsula jutting from the southern shore of Lake Katrina, but reaches down beneath the lake surface. Mining the rubies may require diking and/or lowering the water table in the lake. An estimate of the water balance of the lake is therefore important. Ref /38

9 - 7 - Figure 2-1 The Aappaluttoq ruby occurrence is on the low peninsula protruding from the opposite shore of the lake. Two different and independent approaches were used to calculate the water balance: Precipitation and catchment area Direct measurements of discharge and lake stage Water balance calculated from precipitation and catchment area The average monthly water balance of the lake was calculated from the catchment area and the 30 years average precipitation ( ) measured by the nearest meteorological stations in Nuuk 150 km to the north and in Paamiut 120 km to the south (DMI 2007) and with a rough estimate of the evapotranspiration. The topographic catchment area can be measured to 6.2 km 2 (Figure 2-2). Aasiaq (Greenland Survey 2003) proposes data from the ECMWF Re-Analysis model (Ohmura et al 1999) to be the best estimate of evapotranspiration in relation to local water balance calculations in Greenland. Hence results from this rather coarse model are used in present water balance estimate for the catchment of Lake L. Katrina. The model suggests a evapotranspiration of about 250 mm/y in the area. This corresponds to 33 % of the annual precipitation in Nuuk and 28 % of the annual precipitation in Paamiut. Ref /38

10 - 8 - Figure 2-2 The topographic catchment for Lake Katrina (red boundary) used for water balance calculation. The green arrow indicates the outlet from the lake where the discharge is measured. The area of the catchment is measured to 6.2 km2. The calculations give an average discharge of 99 and 123 l/s using data from Nuuk and Paamiut respectively (Table 2-1). The actual precipitation along a deeply intended coastline varies with local conditions (altitude, distance from the sea, distance to the ice sheets etc.) but the calculations gives an order of magnitude and an indication of the seasonal distribution. Ref /38

11 - 9 - Table 2-1 Preciptation Average gross precipitation and calculated net precipitation and lake discharge based on a 30 years average ( , DMI 2007) from the two nearest metrological stations. The discharge calculation does not take temporary accumulation of ice and snow into account. Gross precipitation mm Net precipitation mm Discharge l/s/6.2 km 2 Month Nuuk Paamiut Nuuk Paamiut Nuuk Paamiut Januay February March April May June July August September October November December Average, month Total, year Discharge Discharge measurements were carried out with an OTT C31 mechanical impeller current meter. The current velocity was measured across the outlet cross just downstream L. Katrina and the distance to the lake surface from a fixed reference point above the surface was measured simultaneously. Discharge was calculated by integrating the measured velocities over the cross section with the Hydros software package. Measurements were carried out on 11 th and 15 th September 2007, 8 th and 12 th September 2008 and 21 th August Results are shown in table 1, below. Figure 2-3 Flow measurement across the outlet of Lake Katrina Ref /38

12 Table 2-2 Results from discharge measurements 2007, 2008 and 2009 Date/time Flow Average velocity Average Water depth Water table level below reference point Cross section area Wet perimeter l/s m/s m m m 2 m 11/09/ :00 15/09/ :00 08/09/ :00 12/09/2008 9:30 21/08/ : Stage-discharge relation The discharge Q at a given stream cross section can be described by the relation to the stream stage, h by the expression: Q = k (h-h 0 ) n where k, H 0 and n are constants. The constants are determined by fitting a curve to observations of Q and h. The h is defined as 150 cm minus the distance to the water table from the reference point. The relationship derived from the first two measurements of discharge in 2007 was nicely supported by the next two from The single measurement in 2009 strengthened the low end of the curve (Figure 2-4), and the measured range now cover more than 90 % of the discharged volume. Despite the good agreement, the relationship could still benefit from observations in the higher end of the curve. These water levels usually occur in late autumn or at snow smelt in spring - outside the normal field season. The constants k, H 0 and n are determined to 2.53, 86.8 and 1.65 based on the combined observations from 2007, 2008 and Ref /38

13 h (cm) Q (l/s) Figure 2-4. Stage-discharge relation for the outlet of Lake Katrina. Lake stage logging During the 2007 field survey two pressure transducers with dataloggers were placed in the lake near the outlet. A third datalogger were placed in air in the nearby Fiskenæsset and were used to compensate the lake measurements for the variation in atmospheric pressure. The dataloggers were read in September 2008, relaunched, and finally harvested in august 2009 after more than 23 month of hourly logging. The measurements of the lake stage were converted to discharge by using the established stage-discharge relation outlined above (Figure 2-5) Flow Temperature Q (l/s) Water temperature ( C) Figure 2-5 Calculated lake outflow time series and measured water temperature 2 m below the surface of L. Katrina from mid September 2007 to late August Ref /38

14 Table 2-3 Calculated monthly outflow from Lake Katrina Month Outflow, mean (l/s) Discharged volume (1000 m3/month) Sep Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Average, year Q (l/s) jan feb mar apr may jun jul aug sep oct nov dec Figure 2-6 Monthly discharge from Lake Katrina. Average of the all measurements. Ref /38

15 Discharge, L. Katrina Precipitation Nuuk, actual Precipitation Nuuk, 30 years average 250 Outflow, l/s Precipitation, mm/month Sep 07 Oct 07 Nov 07 Dec 07 Jan 08 Feb 08 Mar 08 Apr May Jun Jul 08 Aug 08 Sep 08 Oct 08 Nov 08 Dec 08 Jan 09 Feb 09 Mar 09 Apr May Jun Jul 09 Aug 09 0 Figure 2-7 Monthly discharge from Lake Katrina calculated from the lake-stage compared to the actual precipitation in Nuuk 150 km north of the lake and to the 30 years average precipitation in Nuuk (DMI 2009). The year 2008 had 39 % more precipitation than average in Nuuk and the months July and August 2009 were exceptionally dry. The Paamiut station does not record precipitation anymore. The lake discharge follows roughly the pattern of precipitation during the summer from July to November. During the autumn and winter from November to April, the average temperature in the region is below 0 ºC causing precipitation to accumulate as ice and snow. The temperature curve of Lake Katrina (Figure 2-5) indicates that the lake is ice-covered from early November to late May. Thaw is occurring in May and June causing the accumulated snow to melt and contributes extraordinary to the discharge. About 300 mm precipitation may have accumulated during the period from November to April. This can be compared to the calculated average outflow of 134 l/s during the first 12 month and 195 l/s during the last in the present study (Table 2-3). The precipitation in the considered months was about 5 % below normal in Nuuk in the first period and 25 % above in the last (precipitation measurements in Paamiut has stopped). Comparison Considering the respective uncertainties of the two methods of discharge calculation, the agreement is regarded as very good, supporting the high resolution discharge data calculated from the lake stage. Ref /38

16 Water quality survey Below the results from investigations of the water quality of Lake Katrina and other locations within the concession area are presented. Water sample stations Freshwater samples were collected from up to 20 locations within the concession area during the years order to characterize the water quality with respect to heavy metals and total suspended solids (Figure 2-8). Figure 2-8 Location of water sample stations 1-20 sampled between 2006 and St 17 and 18 in Lake Katrina were sampled in two depths, above and below the thermocline. St. 1 and St. 14 have been sampled all four years. Ref /38

17 Table 2-4 Overview of the water sampling programme coverage. All stations were at least sampled twice. Station x x x x 2 x x 3 x x 4 x x 5 x x 6 x x x 7 x x 8 x x 9 x x 10 x x 11 x x 12 x x 13 x x 14 x x x x 15 x x 16 x x 17 a/b x x x 18 a/b x x x 19 x x 20 x x The water sample stations included the two L. Katrina basins (st. 17 & 18), inlets to (st. 3 & 4) and outlet from (st.1) the lake and several other lakes and streams within the concession area. The brackish lake/fiord Tassiuasaq (st.6) was also included in the water sampling program. The position of each sample station was measured by GPS. In appendix B GPS readings, photo documentation and details about each sample station are presented. Stratification of Lake Katrina Prior to water sampling of L. Katrina the possible stratification of the two basins of Lake L. Katrina was investigated. The upper about 50 meters of the two lake basins were profiled with respect to temperature, conductivity, oxygen and ph in order to identify a possible chemocline or thermocline. Data was measured by the use of a multisensor prope (type Troll9000) with build-in datalogger. A strong thermocline was found m below the surface in both basins in 2007 and 2008 and in 5-10 m in 2009 (Figure 2-13), and separate samples from above and below that depth were taken. Water sample procedure Water samples from station 1-16 and were collected by filling up water into sample containers directly from the water body approximately 0.2 m beneath the water surface (Figure 2-9). Water samples from station 1-16 and were collected from the banks. Ref /38

18 Figure 2-9 Collection of water samples in the stream at St. 9. Water samples from Lake L. Katrina (St. 17 and 18) were collected from a small inflatable boat. Samples were collected from three representative water depths above and three below the thermocline by use of a Ruttner-type water sampler (without internal metallic parts). Samples of equal volume from each water depths were poured directly into the sample container and hereafter pooled into one sample and mixed. Water samples for analysis of trace metals were collected in plastic containers preloaded with nitric acid. Samples were not filtered. Samples for total suspended solids were sampled in glass bottles. Analysis program All water samples were analyzed with respect to trace metals and total suspended solids as listed below. ph and temperature were measured in the field from station 1-16 and by the use of field electrodes. Ref /38

19 Table 2-5 Analysis program used for freshwater samples Field electrode measurements Trace metals Solids Parameters ph Temperature Arsenic Lead Cadmium Chromium Copper Nickel Zinc Mercury Total suspended solids (TSS) Analysis of chemical parameters is performed by Miljølaboratoriet I/S, Copenhagen, Denmark. Water quality Results of analysis of the water samples are shown in Appendix C. Analysis reports are furthermore attached in Appendix D. The measured concentration levels are summarized in Table 2-6. Table 2-6 Concentration range of heavy metals and suspended solids measured in a total of 50 samples collected from sample station 1-20 and compared to different water quality standards. The brackish St. 6 is omitted. Parameters Concentration range µg/l EU Drinking Water Quality Standards µg/l Ontario Provincial Water Quality Objectives µg/l Proposed WQ Standards for Greenland- Freshwater µg/l Proposed WQ Standards for Greenland- Sea water µg/l Arsenic <0, Lead < Cadmium < Chromium < Copper , Nickel Zinc , Mercury < , Suspended solids < mg/l 50 mg/l 50 mg/l The concentration of heavy metals in the water samples is in general very low. Compared to drinking water standards in EU the measured levels are far lower, see table 3. However, the brackish water from the lake/fiord Tasiussaq (St. 6) has a remarkable higher content of arsenic and also a higher content of copper and zinc compared to the other samples. The measured ph range of freshwater samples are between ph 6.1 (sample station 3, inlet southern basin, Lake Katrina) and ph 7.3. ph of Tasiussaq is high, ph 8.37, which is the same as seawater. Ref /38

20 All samples are clear and colorless and have low contents of suspended solids (<4.0 mg/l). A wide chemical characterization has been made in August 2006 for the two water samples collected from Station 1 and 14, see appendix C. In Table 2-7 results from sample station 1 and 14 in this investigation is compared to the same parameters analyzed in 2007, 2008 and Again all samples show very low concentrations of heavy metals and only small variation in the water quality from 2006 to 2007 and 2008 is observed. Table 2-7 Comparison of results from two stations measured every year from 2006 to Parameters Station 1 Outlet from northern basin, Lake Katrina Aug Sept Sept Aug Station 14 Between lakes Aug Sept Sept Aug Temperature C ph, field Arsenic µg/l <0.06 <0.06 <0.06 <0.06 <0.06 <0.06 < Lead µg/l <0.03 <0.03 < < Cadmium µg/l <0.03 <0.03 <0.03 <0.03 <0.03 <0.03 <0.03 <0.03 Chromium µg/l <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 Copper µg/l , Nickel µg/l < Zinc µg/l Mercury µg/l <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 Suspended solids mg/l - <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 - <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 - : not measured 2.3 Lake Katrina Depth profiles The deep Lake Katrina is nearly split in two by two small peninsulas connected by a shallow (1 2 m) sill. The main ruby showing is located on the small peninsula jutting from the south-western shore of the lake. A rough bathymetri of the lake was drawn by TNG in 2009 (Figure 2-11) revealing maximum depths in both basins of more than 50 m. Ref /38

21 Figure 2-10 Bathymetri of Lake Katrina. The equidistance of the isolines is 5 m. The two main basins are more than 50 m deep and the depth of the sill between them is less than 2 m. Figure 2-11 Vertical profiles of temperature, ph, dissolved oxygen, and conductivity in Lake Katrina were obtained with a Troll 9000 Water Quality Sonde. It has no display and data is downloaded to a PC. Ref /38

22 Masurements with a Troll 9000 sonde with build in datalogger gave detailed vertical profiles of temperature; ph, dissolved oxygen, and conductivity (see Figure 2-12 and Figure 2-13). A thermocline was found only 6 7 m below surface in August 2009, while it was found at m in September 2007 and The deep water of the large basins seems ½ - 1 C colder than the small basins but the difference between the basins is small. There was no conductivity gradient and the lake is most probably dimictic meaning that the water mass turns over twice a year during spring and autumn. Freshwater has maximum density at 4 C and the water stabilizes during summer and forms a thermocline due to a positive temperature gradient. The thermocline is eroded during autumn due to cooling and wind driven turbulence. During winter the temperature gradient may be reversed with heavy 4 C water at the bottom and with lighter colder water on top. Lake Katrina, Temperature vs. depth Temperature, C Large basin 20 Aug 2009 Small basin 20 Aug 2009 Large basin 8 Sept 2008 Small basin 8 Sept Large basin 15 Sept 2007 Small basin 15 Sept Depth, m Figure 2-12 Temperature profile in the two Lake Katrina basins during the three field campaigns. Ref /38

23 Lake Katrina, large basin; 20/ Temp., C; DO, mg/l; ph; Cond., µsi /cm Temperature Dissolved Oxygen ph Conductivity Depth, m Figure 2-13 Profiles of temperature, dissolved oxygen, ph and conductivity in the larger Lake Katrina basin. measured August with a Troll-9000 sonde. The lake is clear and oligotrophic but some biological activity is indicated from the slight accumulation of oxygen in the thermocline (Figure 2-13). Both oxygen producing phytoplankton and oxygen consuming zooplankton and bacteria tend to concentrate here. The activity is low, the oxygen is only slightly over-saturated (115 %) in the thermocline whereas the oxygen concentration near the bottom go down to about 90 % saturation. ph is not affected and the slight change in conductivity may just be due to the temperature sensitive electrode or to a slightly higher leaching of ions from the surroundings during the summer. Water transparency is measured by lowering a white 30 cm disk (a Secchi-disk) in the water to the point where it is not visible and then raised again to the depth (the Secchi depth) where it become just visible. The Secchi depth for the small and large basin (st. 17 and 18) were in 2007 measured as 22 m and 20 m, in 2008 as 21 m and 18 m, and in 2009 as 25.3 m and 24.4 m respectively. Ref /38

24 Plankton Phytoplankton and zooplankton were sampled above the thermocline in the two basins of L. Katrina in 2007 and Phytoplankton: Water samples from 4 m, 8 m, and 12 m taken with a 3 l Ruttner type sampler were mixed. Unfiltered subsamples of 250 ml were fixed with Lugols solution and stored for later identification. Triplicate samples were taken. Zooplankton: Water samples from 4 m, 8 m, and 12 m were mixed. Subsamples of 3 l were reduced to approximately 50 ml through careful reverse filtering through a 20 µm net. Samples were fixed with Lugols solution and stored for later identification. Triplicate samples were taken. Chlorophyll-a: Samples from 8 m were taken with the water sampler and subsamples of 840 ml were filtered through a GF/C glass-fiber filter, wrapped in aluminum foil stored cold, frozen within two hours and stored frozen for later fluorometric analyses. Figure 2-14 Chlorophyll samples were filtered on the spot through a GF/C filter mounted in a filter holder with a syringe adapter. Ref /38

25 Table 2-8 Autotroph and mixotroph phytoplankton abundance in the epilimnion of Lake Katrina in 2007 and An X means that the species is present in very small numbers. Date: Sept Sept Aug Lake compartment Large Small Large Small Large Small Autotrophic Algae, ind/ml NOSTOCOPHYCEAE Aphanothece clathrata (cell) X Snowella litoralis (kol.) X X x CHRYSOPHYCEAE Mallomonas spp. X X 0.1 DIATOMOPHYCEAE Aulacoseira granulata (filament) 0.1 X Aulacoseira granulata X Tabellaria flocculosa X Pennate (30-40 µm) X CHLOROPHYCEAE Ankistrodesmus fusiformis (cell) X Botryococcus braunii 0.99 X X 0.1 Chlorella spp. X X Oocystis spp. (5-10 µm) 8.73 X X X Oocystis spp. (10-15 µm) X X Oocystis spp. (20-30 µm) X Sphaerocystis schroeteri X Elakatothrix biplex X Stichococcus minutissimus 55.5 Cosmarium subcostatum X Euastrum denticulatium X Staurodesmus triangularis X X Xanthidium bifidum X X Mixotrophic Algae, ind/ml CRYPTOPHYCEAE Cryptomonas spp. (20-30 µm) X X Katablepharis ovalis X 11,1 DINOPHYCEAE Gymnodinium spp. (5-10 µm) Gymnodinium spp. (30-40 µm) X X ,1 0.1 Peridinium umbonatum-gr. X X Peridinium willei CHRYSOPHYCEAE Bitrichia longispina X 0.33 X X Chrysolykos planctonicus X X Dinobryon bavaricum (cell) Dinobryon crenulatum (cell) X X 4.46 X X Dinobryon cylindricum (cell) X X 0.1 X Dinobryon mucronatum X X Dinobryon sertularia (cell) X Kephyrion boreale X X X X Ref /38

26 Ochromonas spp. (5-10 µm) Ochromonas spp. (10-15 µm) X X Uroglena spp. (5-10 µm) Chromulina spp. (2-5 µm) X X X X Chromulina spp. (5-10 µm) Algae biomass, µg C/l Table 2-9 Zooplankton abundance in the epilimnion of Lake Karina in 2007 and Date: Sept Sept Aug 2009 Lake compartment Large Small Large Small Large Small Zooplankton, ind/liter CILIATA Strombidium/Strobilidium spp Tontonia/Lohmanniella spp Ciliata spp. (20-30 µm sphere) 20.0 Ciliata spp. (10-20 µm ellipsoide) 10.0 Ciliata spp. (40-50 µm ellipsoide) 10.0 Ciliata spp. ( µm ellipsoide) Askenasia spp ROTATORIA Keratella cochlearis Keratella quadrata Polyarthra vulgaris/dolichoptera Synchaeta spp. >100 µm Asplanchna priodonta Filinia longiseta CLADOCERA Bosmina longispina COPEPODA Calanoide nauplier Calanoide copepoditer Eudiaptomus gracilis female Eudiaptomus gracilis male Eudiaptomus graciloides female Eudiaptomus graciloides male Zooplankton biomass, µg C/l Identification of phyto- and zooplankton were carried out by Miljøbiologisk Laboratorium Aps, Hørsholm, Denmark. The density of phytoplankton is low corresponding to the very high transparency measured. The number and biomass are dominated by chrysophycea but with elements of bluegreen and green algae. Ref /38

27 The zooplankton biomass is dominated by few species of crustaceans. Among Cladocerans is only Bosmina longispina present. There is a striking lack of larger Daphnids in the samples which could indicate the presence of fish as fish prefers eating the larger Daphnia species. As no fish were found in the lake (see next section), the missing Daphnia was somewhat mysterious until 2009 were relatively high densities of Daphnia pulex were found living and feeding directly on the sediment surface in the sediment samples. Because of to its size and visibility Daphnia pulex is only found in fishless lakes in Greenland (Lauridsen et al. 2001). Macrophytes No vascular plants are found in the lake, but mosses Fontinalis sp. and Drepanocladus sp. were quite abundant in cracks and chinks, and were even found on top of the sediment cores, apparently growing on a depth of more than 50 m. Figure 2-15 Lake Katrina has a high transparency, no fish and no vascular plants. Cushions of mosses are seen in the foreground. Fish Two thirty meter long multi-mesh-sized monofilament survey gillnets were placed in Lake Katrina for 24 hour each in 2007 and a total of 120 hours each in 2008 in the littoral zone at shallow depths (2 4 m) near the sill between the two basins, near an inlet to the large basin, and near the outlet from the small basin. No fish were caught. This result supports the impression by the staff operating along the lake shore during two summers that the lake is fishless. After the find of large Daphnia pulex on the sediment surfaces, this result is in accordance with the zooplankton composition in the lake. Two species of fish, arctic char and three-spined sticklebacks, are found in lakes in Greenland, but lakes without fish are common (Lauridsen et al. 2001) when the connection to the sea is to steep or otherwise hindered. Ref /38

28 Marine sampling The marine areas are not impacted directly by the proposed mining activities but can be influenced by e.g. the runoff from Lake Katrina or from a new quay or landing site for shipping of raw or processed material. The sampling program focuses on heavy metals and comprises six areas including the outfall of the small stream draining Lake Katrina into the brackish lagoon Tasiussaq and the outlet of Tasiussaq to the fjord Tasiussarssuaq (area I and II in Figure 2-16). Three areas are close to larger river draining areas of possible future mining activities within the project area (area III, IV, and V), and one area in Tasiussarssuaq far from larger freshwater outlets is designated as a reference area (area VII). Figure 2-16 Coastal marine areas sampled for sculpin, blue mussel and bladderwrack. Sculpin were only caught in three areas. Area VI was left out after assessment of the catchment area. The stations were the same as in 2007 and Three species were sampled if present and stored frozen for later analysis for heavy metals (and other pollutants if found relevant): Short-horned sculpin (Myoxocephalus scorpius) Blue mussels (Mytilus edulis) Bladderwrack (Fucus vesiculosus) The three species are widely used for this type of studies because they are sedentary (mussel and algae) or non-migrating (sculpin) and ubiquitous. A considerable amount of experience exists and studies in different areas are therefore comparable. Ref /38

29 Short-horned sculpin was caught by the jigging. The length of the fish was measured and only the liver was sampled. Livers from 1-6 fish were pooled and stored frozen. A total of 45 specimens ranging from cm were caught at five stations in area III and IV. Jigging at the four other stations proved unsuccessful. Figure 2-17 Only the orange or brownish liver is taken out of the sculpin and stored for later analysis. Blue mussels in the size 4 7 cm were sampled in the lower part of the intertidal zone at low tide. Shell lengths were measured with a caliper and soft parts from specimens within a 1 cm size classes were sampled and pooled. The size class 5-6 cm was preferred if present. Bladderwrack was sampled in the lower part of the intertidal zone at low tide. Only young shoots (i.e. the tip after the last bifurcation) were used. Samples of about 2 decilitre shoots were washed in demineralised water and stored frozen. Bladderwrack is widespread and abundant along the coast except for the brackish Tasiussaq where the alga is very small, and it was hard to find enough material. Such dwarfing is common at low salinities. Blue mussels too were small and sparse in that area. Ref /38

30 Figure 2-18 Bladderwrack is the most common alga along the coast of Southwestern Greenland and is easily accessible at low tide. The marine samples were taken as triplicate except for the sculpins. Marine sampling took place in September 2007 and September Details of samples, numbering, positions, etc. are found in Appendix A. 2.5 Sediment Duplicate sediment cores were sampled from the deepest part in each of the two basins of Lake Katrina and from two positions in the brackish Lake Tasiussaq. The samples were taken with a Kajak sediment sampler with an internal diameter of 50 mm. The uppermost 5 cm of the cores were cut into 1 cm slices and frozen for future reference. On the sediment surface of Lake Katrina, at more than 50 meters depth, a moss, probably Fontinalis sp. was present in two out of four samples. The large zooplankton Daphnia pulex was also found quite abundant close to the surface of the sediment samples. Sediment sampling took place during August Ref /38

31 Figure 2-19 Sediment cores from deeper than 50 m were sampled manually with a Kajak sediment sampler. 2.6 Terrestrial samples Lichens are slow growing and tend to concentrate airborne pollution in their tissue. Lichens were sampled from five positions near Lake Katrina, two near the camp site, one (lic 10) near the proposed loading place by the fjord, and five reference samples south and west of the Aappaluttoq area (Figure 2-20). The snow lichen Cetraria nivalis (Figure 2-21) was sampled except for position lic 3 were only raindeer moss Cladonia sp. was found. About one decilitre material was sampled from an area of m 2 and stored dry in paper bags for later analyses for heavy metals (and PAHs if found relevant). The exact positions are found in Appendix A. Snow lichens are sparse in some areas and repeated sampling should not take place in the same position to avoid extinction. Repeated sampling should be displaced about one hundred meters. Chemical analyses of the biological sample and sediments are pending. The samples will be analysed together with the samples from the mine monitoring program. Ref /38

32 Figure 2-20 Location of lichen samples. Figure 2-21 The snow lichen Cetraria nivalis growing among common crowberry Empetum nigrum and bog bilberry Vaccinium uliginosum near position lic 1. Ref /38

33 Terrestrial survey The project area is situated south of the Arctic Circle at latitude 63 and km from the main but heavily indented coastline in the southwest coast of Greenland. The climate is arctic (average temperature <10 during the warmest month) but moist and tempered by the proximity to sea which is open during winter. Permafrost is only found sporadic e.g. in the shade on north facing slopes. Vegetation The arctic climate zone is further subdivided into a high arctic mid and a low arctic zone based on the vegetation. The project area is situated in the low arctic oceanic plant region. The low arctic zone is defined by the occurrence of erect dwarf scrubs reaching as high as 0.4 m. The vegetation (vascular plants) has been briefly examined at the lichen sampling stations as well as characteristic plant communities around the lake and the camp. Due to the late season the herbaceous plants may not be properly represented. The dominating plant communities within the area are: Crowberry/bog bilberry heath community - usually dominated by crowberry Empetrum nigrum but often with bog bilberry Vaccinium uliginosum and clubmosses as important elements and often with a lichen cover of % Birch heath community - dominated by dwarf birch Betula nana but usually with crowberry as subdominant and with no hard boundary to the crowberry/bog bilberry heath above Willow scrub community dominated by low bushes of northern willow Salix glauca reaching more than 1 m in the most sheltered spots in the most sheltered valleys Fen and mire wetland communities - small areas usually adjacent to lakes and streams with tall cottongrass Eriophorum angustifolium, loose-flower alpine sedge carex rariflora and mosses. The vegetation in the camp area is a dry and species poor crowberry and birch heath community with bog labrador tea Ledum groenlandicum, northern willow, wavy hairgrass Deschampsia flexuosa, stiff sedge Carex bigelowii, and fir clubmoss Huperzia silage. The Aappaluttoq peninsula in Lake Katrina is a little more diverse. Dominated by dwarf birch and crowberry it also features bog bilberry, blue mountain heath Phyllodoce caerulea, northern willow, common juniper Juniperus communis, stiff clubmoss Lycopodium annotinum, the ferns oblong woodsia Woodsia ilvensis and spiny wood fern Dryopteris assimilis, Gieseck's arctic bellflower Campanula gieseckiana, threeleaved rush Juncus trifidus, three-toothed cinquefoil Potentilla tridentate and more. No rare or protected plants were found in the area (Table 2-10). Ref /38

34 Table 2-10 Gross list of plants found during the survey English Latin Bog bilberry Vaccinium uliginosum Crowberry Empetrum nigrum Dwarf birch Betula nana American Dwarf Birch Betula glandulosa Blue mountain heath Phyllodoce caerulea Diapensia Diapensia lapponica Bog labrador tea Ledum groenlandicum Three-toothed cinquefoil Potentilla tridentate Dwarf cornel Cornus suecica Gieseck's arctic bellflower Campanula gieseckiana Northern willow Salix glauca Common juniper Juniperus communis Wavy hair-grass Deschampsia flexuosa Arctic thrift Armeria scabra Three-leaved rush Juncus trifidus Stiff sedge Carex bigelowii Alpine Cat's-tail Phleum alpinum Fir clubmoss Huperzia silage Stiff clubmoss Lycopodium annotinum Alpine Clubmoss Diphasiastrum alpinum Spike trisetum Trisetum spicatum Alpine Meadow-grass Poa alpina Tall cottongrass Eriophorum angustifolium Loose-flower alpine sedge Carex rariflora Highland Cudweed Gnaphalium norvegicum Bluejoint reedgrass calamagrostis langsdorfii Oblong woodsia Woodsia ilvensis Northern Buckler-fern Dryopteris assimilis Alpine Mouse-ear Cerastium alpinum Snow Whitlowgrass Draba nivalis Alpine Lady's-mantle Alchemilla alpina Alpine Catchfly Lychnis alpina Broad-leafed Willow-herb Chamaenerion latifolium Common Butterwort Pinguicula vulgaris Scottish Asphodel Tofieldia pusilla Northern Green Orchid Platanthera hyperborea Birds Few bird species and few individuals are observed within the project area. This may partly be due to the late field seasons as most of the birds are migratory and may already have left the area. Northern wheatear Oenanthe oenanthe is a common breeding bird in lower arctic Greenland and was frequently encountered along the coast and around the campsite. It showed territorial behaviour and is most certainly breeding in the area. It a migratory bird that spend the winter in Africa. It leaves Greenland in August-September and may have been even more common earlier in the season. Ref /38

35 Small groups of young snow bunting Plectrophenax nivalis was straying in the area around both the camp and the lake. It is very common in most of Greenland and is most likely breeding in the area. Leaves Greenland in September October. A single specimen of redpoll Carduelis flammea was seen in Very common in the low-arctic Greenland, but often more inland. Leaves Greenland in September October. Raven Corvus corax was seen only two times in near the camp in A common resident bird in most of Greenland. White-tailed eagle Haliaeetus albicilla was once seen passing high above the Lake Katrina but was not uncommon along the coast. Near the marine sampling area IV one young and one adult bird were seen in 2007 and two adults in It most probably nests in the area. The place was not visited in In 2008 two young birds were seen at the entrance to Tasiussaq (Figure 2-23), but the nest is not known. A couple of young iceland gull Larus glaucoides were seen at the entrance to Tasiussaq. A common breeding bird along the west-coast. It spends the winter near open water. Ptarmigan Lagopus mutus was seen in the area (from helicopter) but not near the camp or lake. A common resident bird in Greenland. No waterbirds in connection with the Lake Katrina was observed during the fieldwork or earlier in the season as reported by the staff. This is in accordance with the lack of fish and abundant vegetation in the lake. Ref /38

36 Figure 2-22 Two young white-tailed eagles guarding the entrance to Tasiussaq (left) and a young curious eagle near the marine area IV (right), September 2008 and 2007 respectively. Mammals Greenland is poor in terrestrial mammals and only three species are found in this part of the country: Arctic fox, arctic hare, and caribou. The arctic hare Lepus arcticus is well known from the region but was not seen during the fieldwork. Arctic fox Alopex lagopus has often been seen near the camp by the staff. It is common in Greenland and particularly near the coast. The caribou Rangifer tarandus groenlandicus is widespread in West Greenland including the Qeqertarsuatsiaat-area. Several individual were seen close to both the camp and Lake Katrina during the fieldwork in 2007 and 2008 (Figure 2-23). A group of five caribous were encountered in 2009 about four km west of the lake near the water sampling station nr. 14. August and September is hunting season for caribous and several hunters w/o bagged caribous passed by the camp during the field campaigns and in 2007 two caribous were killed on the slope between the camp and the lake. Ref /38

37 Figure 2-23 Greenland caribou by the shore of Lake Katrina, September References Born, E.W., Böcher, J. (eds.) Grønlands økologi en grundbog (in Danish). Atuakkiorfik, Nuuk. Cuyler, C., Rosing, M., Heinrich, R., Egede, J. & Mathæussen, L Status of two West Greenland caribou populations in 2006, 1) Ameralik, 2) Qeqertarsuatsiaat. Greenland Institute of Natural Resources. Technical Report No pp. (Part I: 1-74; Part II: ). Cuyler, C., Rosing, M., Mølgaard, H., Heinrich, R., Egede, J. & Mathæussen, L Incidental observations of muskox, fox, hare, ptarmigan and eagle during caribou surveys in West Greenland. Greenland Institute of Natural Resources. Technical Report No pp. DMI, Climate data from Danish Meteorological Institute Greenland Survey, 2003: Grønlands drikkevandsforsyning. Et datagrundlag for en vandforsyningsstrategi. Prepared by Aasiaq and Hedeselskabet. Jensen, D.B., Christensen, K.D. (eds) The Biodiversity of Greenland - a country study. Pinngortitaleriffik, Technical Report No. 55, 210 pp. Ref /38

38 Lauridsen, Y., Jeppesen, E., Landkildehus, F., Søndergaard, M Horizontal distribution of cladocerans in arctic Greenland lakes - impact of macrophytes and fish. Hydrobiologia 442: Ohmura, A., Calanca, P., Wild, M., Anklin, M Precipitation, accumulation and mass balance of the Greenland Ice Sheet. Zetschrift für Gletscherkunde und Glacialgeologie 35: Geodætisk Institut, 1956: Topographic map. BL 62 V1. 1: PL.H -3 62º º00. Ref /38

39 Appendix A Overview of the sampling carried out during the baseline study, the positions and dates. Numbers of duplicates and other details are given in the text. Lichen (Cetraria nivalis) Sample UTM_ E N Altitude Description Zone m Sept. Sept. Aug. lic 1 22 V X X West of L. Katrina outlet lic 2 22 V X X L. Katrina mid north by drilling site lic 3 22 V X X L. Katrina east near waterfall lic 4 22 V X X L. Katrina south, near tributary lic 5 22 V X X North of "L. 300", south of L. katrina lic 6 22 V X X South of L. Tassiusaq lic 7 22 V X X Near waterfall north of camp lic 8 22 V X X Near Laks Elv 10 km SE of L.Katrina lic 9 22 V X X Appaluttoq peninsula, near mining area lic V X Tasiussarsuaq, landing site lic V X Kangaarsuk, near watersample W19 lic V X App. 1 km west of L. Katrina lic V X Near watersample W14 Watersamples Sample UTM_ E N Altitude Description Zone m Sept. Sept. Aug. W 1 22 V X X X (Also in 2006) Outlet from L. Katrina W 2 22 V X X Tributary to L. Katrina W 3 22 V X X Tributary to L. Katrina W 4 22 V X X Tributary to L. Katrina W 5 22 V X X Tributary to "L. 300" south of L. Katrina W 6 22 V X X X "L." Tasiussaq W 7 22 V X X Drinking water lake, outlet W 8 22 V X X Waterfall north of camp W 9 22 V X X River near Marine st. IV W V X X River near Marine st. III W V X X Tributary to lake W V X X Lake W V X X Tributary to lake W V X X X (Also in 2006) Between two lakes W V X X Tributary to lake W V X X Tributary to lake W V X X X Small L.Katrina, above thermocline W V X X X Small L.Katrina, below thermocline W V X X X Large L.Katrina, above thermocline W V X X X Large L.Katrina, below thermocline W V X X Kangaarsuk W V X X Kangaarsuk Ref /38

40 Lake profiles & plankton Position UTM E N Altitude Description Zone m Sept. Sept. Aug V X X X Small L.Katrina 2 22 V X X X Large L.Katrina Survey fishing net, position and time of deployment are given Position UTM E N Time Description Zone h Sept. Sept. Aug V X Small L.Katrina, near outlet 4 22 V X Large L.Katrina, near sill 5 22 V X Small L. Katrina, near sill 6 22 V X Large L. Katrina, north Sediment Sample UTM E N Depth Description Zone m Sept. Sept. Aug. SD 1 & 2 22 V X Large L. Katrina SD 3 & 4 22 V X Small L. Katrina SD 5 & 6 22 V X Tasiussaq West SD 7 & 8 22 V X Tasiussaq East by Ruby Island Marine samples Bladderwrack (Fucus vesiculosis) Location UTM E N Description Zone Sept. Sept. Aug. M st. I 22 V X X Tasiussaq west M st. II 22 V X X Tasiussarsuaq north M st. III A 22 V X X Near river mouth (waterfall) M st. III B 22 V X X 500 m north of rivermouth (waterfall) M st. IV A 22 V X X 300 m west of river mouth (Laks Elv) M st. IV B 22 V X X 900 m west of river mouth (Laks Elv) M st. V 22 V X X M st. VII 22 V X X Tasiussarssuaq east Mussel (Mytilus edulis) Location UTM E N Description Zone Sept. Sept. Aug. M st. I 22 V X X Tasiussaq west M st. II 22 V X X Tasiussarsuaq north M st. III A 22 V X X Near river mouth (waterfall) M st. III B 22 V X X 500 m north of rivermouth (waterfall) M st. IV A 22 V X 300 m west of river mouth (Laks Elv) M st. IV B 22 V X X 900 m west of river mouth (Laks Elv) M st. V 22 V X X M st. VII 22 V X X Tasiussarssuaq east Short Horned Sculpin (Myoxocephalus scorpius), number of specimens caught at each location and year are given Ref /38

41 Location UTM E N Description Zone Sept. Sept. Aug. M st. I 22 V Tasiussaq west M st. II 22 V Tasiussarsuaq north M st. III A 22 V Near river mouth (waterfall) M st. III B 22 V m north of rivermouth (waterfall) M st. IV A 22 V m west of river mouth (Laks Elv) M st. IV B 22 V m west of river mouth (Laks Elv) M st. V 22 V M st. VII 22 V Tasiussarssuaq east Ref /38

42 Appendix B Water quality, freshwater, 2007, 2008, 2009 STATION 1 STATION 2 STATION 3 Outlet from northern basin, Lake Katrina Sill between the two basins, Lake Katrina Inlet southern basin, Lake Katrina 12-sep-07 8-sep aug sep-07 8-sep sep-07 8-sep-08 Temperature, field C ph, field measurements Suspended solids mg/l <1.00 <1.00 <1.00 < <1.00 <1.00 Arsenic, As µg/l <0.06 <0.06 <0.06 <0.06 <0.06 <0.06 <0.06 Lead, Pb µg/l <0.03 <0.03 <0.03 < Cadmium, Cd µg/l <0.03 <0.03 <0.03 <0.03 <0.03 <0.03 <0.03 Chromium, Cr µg/l <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 < <0.5 <0.5 Copper, Cu µg/l Nickel, Ni µg/l Zinc, Zn µg/l Mercury, Hg µg/l <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 STATION 4 STATION 5 STATION 6 Inlet southern basin, Lake Katrina Inlet to "Lake 300" Lake/fiord Tassiusaq 12-sep-07 8-sep sep sep sep-07 9-sep aug-09 Temperature, field C ph, field measurements Suspended solids mg/l <1.00 <1.00 <1.00 <1.00 < Arsenic, As µg/l <0.06 <0.06 <0.06 <0.06 <5* Lead, Pb µg/l < < Cadmium, Cd µg/l <0.03 <0.03 < <0.03 <0.03 <0.15 Chromium, Cr µg/l <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 < Copper, Cu µg/l Nickel, Ni µg/l , Zinc, Zn µg/l ,0 Mercury, Hg µg/l <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 STATION 7 STATION 8 STATION 9 Small lake downstream Lake Katrina Waterfall, inlet Lake, north of camp Stream at marine station IV 12-sep sep sep sep sep sep-08 Temperature, field C ph, field measurements Suspended solids mg/l <1.00 <1.00 <1.00 <1.00 <1.00 <1.00 Arsenic, As µg/l <0.06 <0.06 <0.06 <0.06 <0.06 <0.06 Lead, Pb µg/l < <0.03 Cadmium, Cd µg/l <0.03 <0.03 <0.03 < <0.03 Chromium, Cr µg/l < <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 Copper, Cu µg/l Nickel, Ni µg/l Zinc, Zn µg/l , Mercury, Hg µg/l <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 STATION 10 STATION 11 STATION 12 Waterfall at marine station III Inlet to lake Lake 14-sep sep sep sep sep sep-08 Temperature, field C ph, field measurements Suspended solids mg/l <1.00 <1.00 <1.00 <1.00 <1.00 <1.00 Arsenic, As µg/l <0.06 <0.06 <0.06 <0.06 <0.06 <0.06 Lead, Pb µg/l < Cadmium, Cd µg/l <0.03 <0.03 <0.03 <0.03 <0.03 <0.03 Chromium, Cr µg/l < < <0.5 <0.5 Copper, Cu µg/l Nickel, Ni µg/l Zinc, Zn µg/l 1.9 1, Mercury, Hg µg/l <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 Ref /38

43 STATION 13 STATION 14 STATION 15 Inlet to Lake Between two lakes Inlet to Lake 15-sep sep sep sep aug sep sep-08 Temperature, field C ph, field measurements , Suspended solids mg/l <1.00 <1.00 <1.00 <1.00 <1.00 <1.00 <1.00 Arsenic, As µg/l <0.06 <0.06 <0.06 < <0.06 <0.06 Lead, Pb µg/l < Cadmium, Cd µg/l <0.03 <0.03 <0.03 <0.03 <0.03 <0.03 <0.03 Chromium, Cr µg/l < <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 Copper, Cu µg/l Nickel, Ni µg/l Zinc, Zn µg/l 6.4 2, Mercury, Hg µg/l <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 STATION 16 STATION 17. above thermocline STATION 17. below thermocline Outlet from Lake Northern basin, Lake Katrina Northern basin, Lake Katrina 15-sep sep sep-07 8-sep aug sep-07 8-sep aug-09 Temperature, field C ph, field measurements Suspended solids mg/l <1.00 <1.00 <1.00 <1.00 <1.00 <1.00 <1.00 <1.00 Arsenic, As µg/l <0.06 <0.06 <0.06 < <0.06 < Lead, Pb µg/l Cadmium, Cd µg/l <0.03 <0.03 <0.03 <0.03 <0.03 <0.03 <0.03 <0.03 Chromium, Cr µg/l < <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 Copper, Cu µg/l Nickel, Ni µg/l Zinc, Zn µg/l Mercury, Hg µg/l <0.02 <0.02 < <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 STATION 18. above termocline STATION 18. below thermocline STATION 19 South-eastern basin, Lake Katrina South-eastern basin, Lake Katrina Stream, outlet to Qagsstsiaq 17-sep sep aug sep sep aug sep aug-09 Temperature, field C ph, field measurements Suspended solids mg/l <1.00 <1.00 <1.00 < <0.01 <1.00 <1.00 Arsenic, As µg/l <0.06 <0.06 <0.06 <0.06 <0.06 <0.06 <0.06 <0.06 Lead, Pb µg/l < Cadmium, Cd µg/l <0.03 <0.03 <0.03 <0.03 <0.03 <0.03 <0.03 <0.03 Chromium, Cr µg/l <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 Copper, Cu µg/l Nickel, Ni µg/l Zinc, Zn µg/l Mercury, Hg µg/l <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 STATION 20 Stream, outlet to Qagsstsiaq Date Date 10-sep aug-09 Temperature, field C ph, field measurements Suspended solids mg/l 1.4 <1.00 Arsenic, As µg/l <0.06 <0.06 Lead, Pb µg/l Cadmium, Cd µg/l < Chromium, Cr µg/l <0.5 <0.5 Copper, Cu µg/l Nickel, Ni µg/l Zinc, Zn µg/l Mercury, Hg µg/l <0.02 <0.02 Ref /38

44 Appendix C Water sample stations Ref /38

45 Water sample station 1 Outlet from northern basin, Lake Katrina Location no. St.1 Date and time: :48 Coordinates suggested Coordinates measured Altitude Markings at location Position of sampling Photo Northing Zone Easting Northing: Easting: UTM Zone: 22 V 230 m Red arrow painted on cliffs Distance from marking: 2 m Width of stream: 5 m Distance from bank: 2 m Depth of stream: 0.5 m Depth of sampling (below the surface): 0.2 m Airphoto: Temperature: 8.4 o C ph: Stream: 6.53 Bottle no.: ST. 1 Weather conditions at time of sampling Remarks Initials Sunny, 6 o C Outlet from Lake Katrina, small basin OG, JAF

46 Water sample station 2 Sill between two compartments, Lake Katrina Location no. ST. 2 Date and time: :05 Coordinates suggested Coordinates measured Altitude Markings at location Position of sampling Photo Northing Zone Easting Northing: Easting: UTM Zone: 22 V 232 m None Distance from marking: No marking Width of stream: Lake Distance from bank: 0.5 m Depth: 1.5 m Depth of sampling (beneath water level): 0.2 m Airphoto Temperature: 8.9 o C ph Lake: 6.91 Sample Bottle no.: ST 2 Weather conditions at time of sampling Remarks Initials Sunny, 6 o C Sample taken at separation (northern part) between small and large basin. OG, JAF

47 Water sample station 3 Stream, outlet to southern basin, Lake Katrina Location no. ST 3 Date and time: :26 Coordinates suggested Northing Easting Coordinates measured Altitude Markings at location Position of sampling Photo Zone Northing: Easting: UTM Zone: V m None Distance from marking: No marking Width of stream: 0.8 m Distance from bank: 0.4 m Depth of stream: 0.4 m Depth of sampling (beneath water level): 0.2 m No. of airphoto Temperature: 5.6 o C ph Stream: 5.77 Sample Bottle no.: Weather conditions at time of sampling Remarks Initials ST2 Sunny, 6 o C Sample taken at small stream 50 m upstream outlet to southeastern part of L. Katrina, large basin OG, JAF

48 Water sample station 4 Stream to southern basin, Lake Katrina Location no. ST 4 Date and time: :20 Coordinates suggested Coordinates measured Altitude Markings at location Position of sampling Northing Zone Easting Northing: Easting: UTM Zone: V m None Distance from marking: No marking Width of stream: 4 m Distance from stream bank: 2 m Depth of stream: 0.4 m Depth of sampling (beneath water level): 0.2 m Airphoto Temperature: 6.2 o C ph Stream: 6.81 Sample Bottle no.: ST 4 Weather conditions at time of sampling Remarks Initials Sunny, 6 o C Sample taken in a small stream near inlet to the southern end of L. Katrina OG, JAF

49 Water sample station 5 Northern shore of "Lake 300" Location no. ST 5 Date and time: :46 Coordinates suggested Coordinates measured Altitude Markings at location Position of sampling Photo Northing Zone Easting Northing: Easting: UTM Zone: V m None Distance from marking: No marking Lake Distance from bank: 0.9 m Depth: 0.5 m Depth of sampling (beneath water level): 0.2 m Airphoto Temperature: 8.1 o C ph: 6.37 Bottle no.: Weather conditions at time of sampling Remarks Initials ST5 Sunny, 6 o C Shore of Lake 300 south of L. Katrina OG, JAF

50 Water sample station 6 Lake/fiord Tassiusaq Location no.: ST 6 Date and time: :53 Coordinates suggested Coordinates measured Altitude Markings at location Position of sampling Photo Northing Zone Easting Northing: Easting: UTM Zone: V 22 1 m None Distance from marking: No marking Lake/fjord Distance from bank: 0.5 m Depth: 2.5 m Depth of sampling (beneath water level): 0.3 m Airphoto Temperature: 7.6 o C ph Fjord: 7.94 Sample Bottle no.: ST 6 Weather conditions Remarks Sunny, 4 o C The water in Tassiusaq is brackish Initials OG, JAF

51 Water sample station 7 Small lake downstream Lake Katrina Location no. ST7 Date and time: :48 Coordinates suggested Coordinates measured Altitude Markings at location Position of sampling Photo Northing Zone Easting Northing: Easting: Zone: V m None Distance from marking: No marking Lake Distance from bank: 2.5 m Depth: 0.4 m Depth of sampling: 0.2 m Airphoto Temperature: 8.1 o C ph Lake: 6.95 Sample Bottle no. ST 7 Weather conditions Remarks Initials Sunny, 4 o C Drinking water intake for the camp from this lake JAF, OG

52 Water sample station 8 Waterfall, inlet Lake, north of camp Location no. ST8 Date and time: :11 Coordinates suggested Coordinates measured Altitude Markings at location Position of sampling Photo Northing Zone Easting Northing: Easting: UTM Zone: V m None Distance from marking: No marking Width of stream: 4 m Distance from bank: 1.5 m Depth of stream: 0.3 m Depth of sampling (beneath water level): 0.2 m Airphoto Temperature: 8.5 o C ph: Stream: 7.02 Sample Bottle no.: Weather Remarks Initials ST8 Sunny, 4 o C Inlet to lake just north of the camp. OG, JAF

53 Water sample station 9 Stream near marine station IV Location no.: ST9 Date and time: :47 Coordinates suggested Northing Easting Coordinates measured Altitude Markings at location Position of sampling Photo Zone Northing: Easting: UTM Zone: V 22 4 m None Distance from marking: No marking Width of stream: 13.0 m Distance from stream bank: 2.5 m Depth of stream: 0.8 m Depth of sampling (beneath water level): 0.2 m Airphoto Temperature: 8.8 o C ph Stream: 6.22 Sample Bottle no.: ST 9 Weather conditions at time of sampling Remarks Initials Cloudy, no rain, 7 o C Sample taken app. 25 m upstream the inlet to the fiord. OG, JAF

54 Water sample station 10 Waterfall at marine station III Location no.: ST 10 Date and time: :06 Coordinates suggested Coordinates measured Altitude Markings at location Position of sampling Photo Northing Zone Easting Northing: Easting: V UTM Zone: V 22 1 m None Distance from marking: No marking Width of stream: 4.5 m Distance from bank: 0.5 m Depth: 0.4 m Depth of sampling (beneath water level): 0.2 m Airphoto Temperature: 6.8 o C ph Waterfall: 6.62 Sample Bottle no.: ST10 Weather conditions at time of sampling Remarks Initials Cloudy, no rain, 7 o C Sample taken at the lower part of the waterfall 20 m upstream the fjord OG, JAF

55 Water sample station 11 Stream, 10 m upstream lake Location no.: ST 11 Date and time: :31 Coordinates suggested Coordinates measured Altitude Markings at location Position of sampling Photo Northing Zone Easting Northing: Easting: UTM Zone: V m None Distance from marking: No marking Width of stream: 2.5 m Distance from bank: 0.75 m Depth of stream: 0.5 m Depth of sampling (beneath water level): 0.2 m Airphoto Temperature: 7.1 o C ph Stream: 6.51 Sample Bottle no.: ST 11 Weather Remarks Initials Partly cloudy, dry, 5 o C Sample taken app. 10 m before inlet to lake JAF

56 Water sample station 12 Lake Location no.: ST12 Date and time: Coordinates suggested Coordinates measured Altitude Markings at location Position of sampling Photo Northing Zone Easting Northing: Easting: UTM Zone: V m None Distance from marking: No marking Lake Distance from bank: 1.5 m Depth: 0.6 m Depth of sampling (beneath water level): 0.2 m Airphoto Temperature: 7.2 o C ph Lake: 7.02 Sample Bottle no.: ST 12 Weather Remarks Initials Partly cloudy, dry, 5 o C Sample taken at the outlet of a small lake. No permanent inlets. JAF

57 Water sample station 13 Inlet to lake Location no.: ST 13 Date and time: :17 Coordinates suggested Coordinates measured Altitude Markings at location Position of sampling Photo Northing Zone Easting Northing: Easting: UTM Zone: V m None Distance from marking: No marking Width of stream: 4.5 m Distance from bank: 0.5 m Depth of stream: 0.5 m Depth of sampling (beneath water level): 0.2 m Airphoto Temperature: 7.2 o C ph Stream: 7.07 Sample Bottle no.: Weather Remarks Initials ST13 Partly cloudy, dry, 5 o C Sample taken app. 100 m before inlet to lake. JAF

58 Water sample station 14 Between two lakes Location no.: ST 14 Date and time: :36 Coordinates suggested Coordinates measured Altitude Markings at location Position of sampling Photo Northing Zone Easting Northing: Easting: UTM Zone: V m Red arrow painted at the cliffs Distance from marking: 1.5 m Width of stream: Distance from stream bank: 0.5 m Depth of stream: 0.75 m Depth of sampling (beneath water level): 0.3 m Airphoto Temperature: 8.8 o C ph Stream: 6.83 Sample Bottle no.: ST14 Weather Partly cloudy, dry, 5 o C Remarks Sample taken in stream between the two lakes. Initials JAF

59 Water sample station 15 Inlet to Lake Location no.: ST15 Date and time: :00 Coordinates suggested Coordinates measured Altitude Markings at location Position of sampling Photo Northing Zone Easting Northing: Easting: Zone: UTM V m None Distance from marking: No marking Width of stream: 2.5 m Distance from bank: 1 m Depth of stream: 0.4 m Depth of sampling (beneath water level): 0.2 m Airphoto Temperature: 7.5 o C ph Stream: 6.84 Sample Bottle no.: ST 15 Weather Partly cloudy, dry, 5 o C Remarks Sample taken 20 m upstream inlet to lake. Initials JAF

60 Water sample station 16 Outlet from Lake Location no. ST 16 Date and time: :25 Coordinates suggested Coordinates measured Altitude Markings at location Position of sampling Photo Northing Zone Easting Northing: Easting: Zone: UTM V m None Distance from marking: No marking Lake Distance from bank: 1.5 m Depth: 0.4 m Depth of sampling (beneath water level): 0.2 m Airphoto Temperature: 8.1 o C ph Lake: 6.86 Sample Bottle no.: ST 16 Weather Remarks Initials Partly cloudy, dry, 5 o C Sample taken in outlet from lake JAF

61 Water sample station 17 Northern basin, Lake Katrina, above thermocline Location no. ST 17 Date and time: :30 Coordinates suggested Coordinates measured Altitude Markings at location Position of sampling Photo Northing Zone Easting Northing: Easting : Zone: UTM V m None Distance from marking: No marking Sample taken from boat on the lake (small basin) Distance from bank: 100 m Depth: 35 m Depth of sampling: 4 m, 8 m, 12 m Airphoto Temperature see profile ph Lake Sample Bottle no. Weather Remarks Initials ST 17 OSL Cloudy, strong wind, light rain, 5 o C Sample mixed from 4 m, 8 m and 12 m below the surface of the small basin of the L. Kathrina. JAF, OG

62 Water sample station 17 Northern basin, Lake Katrina below thermocline Location no. ST 17 Date and time: :30 Coordinates suggested Coordinates measured Altitude Markings at location Position of sampling Photo Northing Zone Easting Northing: Easting : Zone: UTM V m None Distance from marking: No marking Sample taken from boat on the lake (small basin) Distance from bank: 100 m Depth: 35 m Depth of sampling: 22 m and 28 m Airphoto Temperature see profile ph Lake Sample Bottle no. Weather Remarks Initials ST 17 USL Cloudy, strong wind, light rain, 5 o C Sample mixed from 22 m and 28 m below the surface of the northern (small) basin of Lake Kathrina JAF, OG

63 Water sample station 18 Southern basin, Lake Katrina, above the thermocline Location no. ST 18 Date and time: :30 Coordinates suggested Coordinates measured Altitude Markings at location Position of sampling Photo Northing Zone Easting Northing: Easting: Zone: UTM V m None Distance from marking: No marking Sample taken from boat on the lake (large basin) Distance from bank: 50 m Depth: 45 m Depth of sampling (beneath water level): 4 m, 8 m, 12 m Airphoto Temperature See profile ph Lake Sample Bottle no. Weather Remarks Initials ST 18 OSL Cloudy, strong wind, snow/rain, 1 o C Sample mixed from 4 m, 8 m and 12 m below the surface of the large basin of lake (all three above the thermo cline) JAF, OG

64 Water sample station 18 Southern basin, Lake Katrina, below the thermocline Location no. ST 18 Date and time: :30 Coordinates suggested Coordinates measured Altitude Markings at location Position of sampling Photo Northing Zone Easting Northing: Easting: Zone: UTM V m None Distance from marking: No marking Sample taken from boat on the lake (large basin) Distance from bank: 50 m Depth: 45 m Depth of sampling (beneath water level): 25 m and 35 m Airphoto Temperature see profile ph Lake Sample Bottle no. Weather Remarks Initials ST 18 USL Cloudy, strong wind, snow/rain, 1 o C Sample mixed from 25 m and 35 m below the surface of the southern (large) basin of L. Katrina. OG, JAF

65 Description, Water samples 19 Small stream, 50 m upstream the outlet to fjord Location no. ST Date and time: :40 Coordinates suggested Northing Easting Zone Coordinates measured Northing: Easting: Altitude Markings at location Position of sampling Photo Zone: UTM V 22 4 m None Distance from marking: Width of stream: 1-3 m Distance from stream bank: 1 m Depth of stream: m Depth of sampling (beneath water level): 0.2 Airphoto Temperature 1.3 o C ph Stream: 7.33 Sample Bottle no. ST Weather Sunny, no clouds, Remarks Initials OG, JAF

66 Description, Water samples 20 Stream, 30 m upstream outlet to the fjord Location no. ST20 Date and time: :00 Coordinates suggested Northing Easting Zone Coordinates measured Northing: Easting: Zone: UTM V 22 Altitude Markings at location Position of sampling Photo 2 m None Distance from marking: Width of stream: 2-5 m Distance from stream bank: 0.5 m Depth of stream: m Depth of sampling (beneath water level): 0.2 Airphoto None Temperature 1.3 o C ph Stream: 7.46 Bottle no. ST 20 Weather Sunny, no clouds, Remarks Initials OG, JAF

67 APPENDIX 1B AAPPALUTTOQ - AVATANGIISINIK MISISSUINEQ. PISSUTSINIK ATUUTTUNIK MISISSUINEQ (KALAALLISUT) True North Gems Inc.

68 -66- Aappaluttoq - True North Gems avatangiisinik misissuineq Pissutsinik atuuttunik misissuineq August 2011

69 True North Gems Aappaluttoq - avatangiisinik misissuineq Pissutsinik atuuttunik misissuineq August 2011 Ref Suliaq 6 Ulloq Suliarinnittut og, jan, jaf Naliliisoq ssb Akuerinnittoq og Rambøll Danmark A/S Bredevej 2 DK-2830 Virum Danmark Oqarasuaat

70 Imarisaa 1. Siulequtsiussaq 1 2. Suliat aaliangersimasut Tatsip Lake Katrina imiata pissusaa Imip pitsaassusaanik misissuineq Taseq Lake Katrina Immami nalaanilu misissuineq Kinnganerit Nunap qaani misissugassanik katersat Nunami misissuineq Tunuliaqutit 33 Ilanngussaq A 1 Ilanngussaq B 1 Ilanngussaq C 3 Ref

71 Siulequtsiussaq Nalunaarusiaq manna pissutsinik atuuttunik misissukkat eqikkarneri imarai. Misissuinerit 2007, 2008 aamma 2009-mi ingerlanneqarput True North Gems-ip akuersissuteqarfiata iluani, Qeqertarsuatsiaat kujataani Kalaallit Nunaata kitaani. Misissuineq sukumiisumik sammivaa Aappaluttup rubineqarfia tatsip Lake Katrinap killinganiittoq. Pissutsinik atuuttunik misissuineq ingerlanneqarsimavoq pingaarnertut siunertaralugu tunngaviusumik paasissutissanik katersineq, Avatangiisinut Sunniutaasinnaasunik Naliliinissamut (ASN) atorneqartussanik. ASN suliassaavoq piumasaqaataasoq piiaanissamut qinnuteqarnermut atugassaq. Pissutsinik atuuttunik misissuinerup pingaarutaa alla tassaavoq avatangisip pissusaa qanoq inissisimanersoq paasiniarnissaa suli piiaasoqartinnagu. Suliaq tamanna piiaasoqalissagaluarpat avaqqunneqarsinnaanngitsumik nakkutilliinissamut tunuliaqutaasussatut atorneqassaaq. Aappaluttup rubineqarfia tatsip Lake Katrina iluanut atavoq, tassungalu atatillugu pingaarutilittut pingajuattut suliarineqarluni tatsip imiata pissusaanik misissuineq aammalu tunngaviusumik imermut tunngasunik misissuinerit, tatsip imia apparneqassagaluarpat. Takussutissiaq 1-1 Taseq Lake Katrina Qeqertarsuatsiaaniit kujammut kangimut 20 km-nik ungasitsigisumiippoq, 230 m-nik qatsitsigisumiilluni. Ref /40

72 Misissuineq pingaarnertut sammivaa taseq Lake Katrina, aammalu kuut eqqaaniittut sineriallu attuumassuteqarsinnaasoq akuersissuteqarfiusup annerpaartaata iluani, ilaatigut: Tatsip Lake Katrinap imiata pissusaa kuunneranik aammalu naqitsinernik misissuutinik qaammatinik 23-nik tatsip iluaniissimasunik tunngaveqartumik. Tatsip Lake Katrinap imiata akuinik pissusaanillu misissuinerit. Tatsip Lake Katrina, kuut tatsip ilanut kuuttut, kuuffiatalu imiisa pitsaassusaanik misissugassanik katersineq. Akuersissutip iluani kuunni tatsinillu 20-nit imip pitsaassusaanik tunngaviusumik misissuineq. Immap uumassusaanik tunngaviusumik saviminissanik arrortikkuminaatsunik akoqarneri. Orsuaasat saviminissanik arrortikkuminaatsunik akoqarneri. Nunap pissusaanik siammasissumillu naasoqassusaanik misissuineq. Takussutissiaq 1-2 Taseq Lake Katrina kujataaniit isigalugu. Imeqarfik kangiata tungaaniittoq kuullu iluanut kuuttut ilaat saavata tungaani takuneqarsinnaapput. Kuuffia tatsip imeqarfiata mikinerup avannaata tungaaniippoq. 2. Suliat aaliangersimasut Nalunaarusiaq manna sulinerit septemberi , septemberi aammalu augusti ingerlanneqartut aallaavigalugit eqikkaavoq. Sumiiffiit, misissukkat, misissoqqissaakkallu ilangussani takuneqarsinnaapput. 2.1 Tatsip Lake Katrina imiata pissusaa Aappaluttumi rubineqarfik tatsip Lake Katrina killinganiippoq. Taseq marloqiusanngorlugu qeqertaasanik marlunnik nunngarummik ikkattumiittumik atasunik avinneqarpoq. Rubineqarfik qeqertaasaq kujallermiippoq tatsillu iluanut atalluni. Rubininik piianeq sapusiornernik imal/aamma taseq ikkalineqarneranik pisariaqartitsisinnaavoq. Taamaammat imip pissusaata nalilerneqarnissaa pingaaruteqarpoq. Ref /40

73 Takussutissiaq 2-1 Aappaluttumi rubineqarfik qeqertaasaq pukkitsumiippoq tatsip akiani. Imeqassutsimik misissuinerit assigiinngitsut marluupput imminnut attuumassuteqanngitsut: Sialuk/nittaattarneq aammalu nuna imermik katersuiffiusoq Tatsip imiata annertussusaa kuunneralu toqqaannartumik misissorneqarneri Imeqassutsip siallertarneranit/nittaattarneranit aammalu katersuuffianit nalilerneqarnera Qaammammut imeqassutsip agguaqatigiissaarnera nalilerneqarpoq imip katersuuffianit aammalu ukiuni kingullerni 30-nik agguaqatigiissinneqarnernit ( ), taakkullu uuttortarneqarsimallutik silaannaap pissusaanik katersuiffinni avannaata tungaani 150 km-nik ungasitsigisumi Nuummiittumik aammalu kujataani 120 km-nik ungasitsigisumi Paamiuniittumik (DMI 2007), tassungalu atatillugu imip aalannguunneranik missingersukkamik. Nunami imip katersuiffia 6,2 km 2 nik annertutigaaq (Takussutissiaq 2-2). Imeqassutsinik misissuinerni Asiaq (Greenland Survey 2003) siunnersuutigaa paasissutissat uuttuut ECMWF (Ohmura et al 1999) naapertorlugu kisitseriaaseq, Kalaallit Nunaanni imeq aalannguuttarneranut misissuinermi uuttuutaasoq pitsaanerpaasoq. Taamaattoq tatsip Lake Katrina-mi misissuinermi taakku najoqqutaasimapput, naak siammasikkaluaqisut. Uuttuut takutippaa piffimmi tassani ukiumut 250 mm-it aalannguuttartut. Tamannalu Nuummut naleqqiullugu 33%-iulluni aammalu Paamiunut naleqqiullugu 28%-iulluni. Ref /40

74 Takussutissiaq 2-2 Nunaminertaq imermik taseq Lake Katrina-mut katersuiffiusoq (aappaluttumik titarnilik), taassumalu imeqassutsimut naliliinermut atugaasoq. Tikkuut qorsuk tassaavoq kuuffia, kuunnerata annertussusaanik misissuiffik. Nunaminertaq 6,2 km 2 nik annertutigaaq. Kisitsinerit Nuummi aamma Paamiuni paasissutissat najoqqutaralugit (nalunaarut 2-1) takutippaat nunami imimik katersuiffiusumi agguaqatigiissillugu sekund-imut 99 aamma 123 liter-inik kuuffiusoq. Sineriammi qinngoqqortuunik kangerloqarfiusumi piffinni ataasiakkaani siallertarnera/nittaattarneralu assigiinngiiaarpoq, pissutsit assigiinngitsut apeqqutaallutik (portussuseq, imarpimmiit tiffasissuseq, sermersuarmut ungasissuseq, il.il.) Taamaakkaluartoq kisitsinerit takutippaat sialuit/nittaannerit annertussusaat ukiullu iluani allanngorarneri. Ref /40

75 Sialuk/ nittaalaq Nalunaarut 2-1 Ilanngaateqanngitsumik agguaqatigiissillugu sialuk/nittaalap annertussusaa aammalu kisitsinikkut sialuk/nittaalaq ilanngullugu nunaminertami imimik katersuunnera, silasiorfiit qaninnerit marluk takussutissartai ukiuni 30-nik agguaqatigiinnerit naapertorlugit ( , DMI 2007). Kuunnernik misissuinerit sivikitsumik serminnguuttarnera apisarneralu naatsorsuutigineqanngillat. Ilanngaateqanngitsumik sialuk/nittaalaq mm Ilanngaatit peereerlugit sialuk/nitaalaq mm Imeq katersuunnera/kuunnera l/s/6.2 km 2 Qaammat Nuuk Paamiut Nuuk Paamiut Nuuk Paamiut Januar Februar Marts April Maj Juni Juli August September Oktober November December Agguaqatigissillugu, qaammammut Tamakkiisumik, ukiumut Kuunnerit Kuunni misissuinerit atortoq OTT C31 mekaniskiusoq kuut sarfarneranik misissuut atorneqarpoq. Taseq L. Katrina kuunnerata sakkortussusaa kuuffiata aallartiffiani akimut misissuifigineqarpoq, tatsimullu ungasissusaa tatsip imiata qaavanut aaliangersimasumik tikkuussiffiup tungaanut naatsorsorneqarluni. Kuunnerata annertussusaa kisinneqarpoq akimut sakkortussusaanik misissukkat Hydros software package atortuliullugu. Misissuinerit ingerlanneqarput september 2007, 8-12 september 2008 aammalu 21 august Inernerit nalunaarut 1-mi ataatungaani takuneqarsinnaapput. Ref /40

76 Takussutissiaq 2-3 Tatsip Lake Katrina kuua akimut misissuiffigineqartoq Nalunaarut 2-2 Ukiuni 2007, 2008 aamma 2009-mi kuuneranik misissukkat inerneri Ulloq/ piffissaq 11/09/ :00 15/09/ :00 08/09/ :00 12/09/2008 9:30 21/08/ :30 Kuunnera Agguaqatigiissillugu sukkassusaa Agguaqatigiissillugu itissusaa Tatsip qaanut aaliangersimasumik tikkuussiffimmut ungasissuseq Sanimut kuup kippaata annertussusaa Kuup naqqata takissusaa l/s m/s m m m 2 m Kuup pissusaa-kuunneralu attuumassuteqarneri Kuup kippaata annertussusaata iluani kuunnera Q nassuiarneqarsinnaavoq, kuup pissusaanut h-mut attuumassuteqarneranut una najoqqutaralugu: Q = k (h-h 0 ) n uani k, H 0 aamma n aaliangersimasuullutik. Aaliangersimasut taakku Q aamma h naatsorsorneqarneraniit titarniliamiit aaliangiunneqarsinnaapput. h naatsorsorneqarpoq tatsip imiata qaanut aaliangersimasumik tikkuussiffimmut ungasissuseq 150 cm-nik ilanngaaffigalugu. Ref /40

77 Imminut attuumassuteqarneri ukioq siullermi 2007-mi misissukkat marluk, ukiup tulliani 2008-mi misissugaasunut marlunnut taperserluarneqarput. Misissugaq ataaseq 2009-meersoq titarniliap (Takussutissiaq 2-4) appasinnerpaaffiata nalaanut inissippoq, taamaasilluni takuneqalersinnaalluni kuunnerup annertussusaata misissugaasut 90%-iisa. Attuumassuteqarluaraluartoq suli pitsaanerusinnaavoq titarnerup qaffasinnerata nalaaniit aamma misissuisoqartuuppat. Imeqassuseq taamaattut ukiami aamma upernaami pisarput ± nalinginnaasumik piffissaq misissuiffiusup avataani. Aaliangersimasut k, H 0 aamma n nalilerneqarput 2,53, 86,8 aamma 1,65, 2007, 2008 aamma 2009-mi misissukkat aallaavigalugit h (cm) Q (l/s) Takussutissiaq 2-4. Tatsip Lake Katrina kuuata pissusaalu attuumassuteqarnera. Tatsip pissusaanik uuttuineq 2007-ip inglerlanerani misissuinermi, naqitsinermik uuttuutit marluk tatsip kuuata eqqaanut kivisinneqarput. Paasissutissanik katersuut pingajuat silaannarmi inissinneqarpoq Qeqertarsuatsiaat eqqaani, taannalu atorneqarluni silaannaap naqitsissusaanik allanngorarnerata tatsip iluani naqitsinernut sunniutaasinnaaneranut nalilersuinermi. Paasissutissanik katersinerit siulliit september 2008-mi pipput, naggataarutaasumillu august 2009-mi qaammatit 23-it sinnereerlugit tiimikkaartumik uuttuereernerup kingorna. Tatsip pissusaanik misissukkat kuunnerup annertussusaanut kisitsinikkut nuutsinneqarput kuup pissusaa-kuunneratalu attuumassuteqarneri toqqammavigalugit (takussutissiaq 2-4)-mi takuneqarsinnaasumi. Ref /40

78 Flow Temperature Q (l/s) Water temperature ( C) Takussutissiaq 2-5 Tatsip L. Katrina kuunnerata annertussusaa kisitaq aammalu imip 2 m-nik ititigisumi kissassusaa piffissami aaliangersimasumi septemberip qeqqata nalaaniit 2007 augustus naanerata tungaanut Ref /40

79 Nalunaarut 2-3 Tatsip Lake Katrina qaammammut kuunera kisitaq Qaammat Kuunnera, agg. (l/s) Kuunnerup annertussusaa (1000 m 3 /qaammammut) Sep Okt Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr Maj Jun Jul Aug Sep Okt Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr Maj Jun Jul Aug Agg. ukiumut Q (l/s) jan feb mar apr may jun jul aug sep oct nov dec Takussutissiaq 2-6 Tatsip Lake Katrina qaammammut kuunnera. Tamakkiisumik misissukkanik agguaqatigiissat. Ref /40

80 Discharge, L. Katrina Precipitation Nuuk, actual Precipitation Nuuk, 30 years average 250 Outflow, l/s Precipitation, mm/month Sep 07 Oct 07 Nov 07 Dec 07 Jan 08 Feb 08 Mar 08 Apr May Jun Jul 08 Aug 08 Sep 08 Oct 08 Nov 08 Dec 08 Jan 09 Feb 09 Mar 09 Apr May Jun Jul 09 Aug 09 0 Takussutissiaq 2-7 Tatsip Lake Katrina qaammammut kuunnera tatsip pissusaa naapertorlugu kisitaq, Nuummi 150 km-nik avannarpasitsigisumut siallertarnera/nittaattarneranullu naleqqiussaq aammalu ukiut 30-it ingerlanerani sialuk/nittaalaq agguaqatigiissaarneranut naleqqiussaq (DMI 2009). Ukioq %-nik annertunerusumik siallerlunilu nittaassimavoq, aammalu qaammatit juli, august 2009 panersimaqalutik. Paamiuni silasiut uuttuiunnaarnikuuvoq. Tatsip kuunnerata siallertarnera/nittaattarnera malikanerpaa aasaaneraniit juli-mit novemberi tungaanut. Ukiami novemberi-miit ukiup ingerlanerani aprili tungaanut agguaqatigiissillugu silaannap kissassusaa 0 o C ataassimavaa, tamannalu sermernermik apinermillu kinguneqarluni. Tatsip Lake Katrina kissassusaata titartarneqarnerani takutippaa taseq sikuusoq novemberi aallartilaarneraniit maji naanerata tungaanut. Apuk sermerlu aakkiartorneri majimi aamma junimi pivoq annertuumillu kuunneranut sunniutaalluni. Novemberimiit aprili tungaanut 300 mm missaanik apuk katersuussimassaaq. Tamanna qaammatit siulliit 12-t ingerlanerani kuunnerata kisitap agguaqatigiinneranut assersuunneqarsinnaavoq, tassaalluni 134 l/s aammalu 195 l/s qaammatit 12-t kingullermi uani misissukkap iluani (Nalunaarut 2-3). Sialuk/nittaattarneralu qaammatini taakkunani piffissami siullermi Nuummiit 5%-nik appasinneruvoq, piffissallu kingullermi 25%-nik annertunerulluni. (Paamiuni misissuinerit uninnikuupput). Assersuut Kuunnernut kisitseriaatsit marluk atorneqartut nalorninartortaqaraluartut, inernerusut pitsaasuupput, tapersersorlugu kisitat tatsip pissusaaniit naatsorsukkanut. Ref /40

81 Imip pitsaassusaanik misissuineq Ataatungaani tatsip Lake Katrina aammalu akuersissuteqarfiup iluani piffinni allani imermik pitsaassutsimik misissuinerit inerneri takuneqarsinnaapput. Imermik katersuiffiit Ukiut ingerlaneranni imeq misissugassaq katersorneqarpoq piffinni assigiinngitsuni 20-t missaaniittunik, imip pitsaassusaa nalilerumallugu saviminissanik marramillu akoqarnera naapertorlugit (Takussutissiaq 2-8). Takussutissiaq 2-8 Imermik katersuiffiit ilauni katersuiffiusimasut. Piffik 17 aamma 18 tatsip Lake Katrina iluaneerput itissutsit assigiinngitsunit, kissassutsip allanngorarfiata qaani aammalu ataani. Piffik 1 aamma 14 ukiut sisamat tamakkerlugit katersuiffigineqarput. Ref /40

82 Nalunaarut 2-4 Imermik katersinermi tikinneqarsimasut. Piffiit tamarmmik minnerpaamik marloriaq katersuiffigineqarput. Station x x x x 2 x x 3 x x 4 x x 5 x x 6 x x x 7 x x 8 x x 9 x x 10 x x 11 x x 12 x x 13 x x 14 x x x x 15 x x 16 x x 17 a/b x x x 18 a/b x x x 19 x x 20 x x Imermik katersuiffiit tassaapput taseq Lake Katrina-mi marluk (17 & 18), kuut (3 & 4)-mut kuuttut aammalu (1)-miit kuuttoq tasia ilanngullugu aammalu tatsit kuullu allat arlalippassuit akuersissuteqarfiup iluani. Kangerliumarngup Tasiusaq (6) aamma ilanngunneqarpoq. Piffiit tamarmik GPS sumiissuserfiut atorlugu naatsorsorneqarput. Ilanngussaq B-mi GPS-kkut sumiissusersikkat, assit aammalu sukumiinerusumik paasissutissat takuneqarsinnaapput. Taseq Lake Katrina imiata qaleriiaarnera Taseq Lake Katrina katersuiffigeqqaartinnagu tatsip imiata qaleriiaarsinnaanera misissoqqaarneqarpoq. Itissuseq 50 m tikillugu kissassuseq, innaallagiamik ingerlaartitsiumassuseq, ilt-i aammalu seernassusaa ph misissorneqarput, kemiskiusumik aammalu kissassusermut nikiffeqarnersoq paasiniarlugu. Paasissutissat katersorneqarput uuttuut (type Troll9000) nammineerluni kisitsisinnaasoq atorlugu. Kissassutsimik allannguuteqarfik ersarsissoq m-nik ititigisumi 2007 aamma 2008-mi nassaassaapput aammalu 5-10 m-nik ititigisumi 2009-mi, taamatuttaaq misissugassat itissutsit taakku qulaaniit aamma ataaniit katersorneqarlutik. Imermik katersueriaaseq Imeq 1-16-mi aamma mi katersorneqarput katersuut ulikkaarlugu immerneratigut 0,2 m-nik ititigisumiit (Takussutissiaq 2-9). Imeq 1-16 aamma kuup imaluunniit tatsit sinaaniit katersorneqarput. Ref /40

83 Takussutissiaq 2-9 Piffik nr. 9-mi kuummi imermik katersineq. Imeq tatsip Lake Katrina (17 aamma 18)-meersut gummibåd-imit katersorneqarput. Katersat kissassutsip allannguuteqarfiata qulaaniit pingasuupput, aammalu ataaneerlutik katersuut Ruttner-type atorlugu (iluatungaani saviminitaqanngitsoq). Katersat annertoqatigiit itissutsit tamaneersut katersuiffimmut ataatsimut kuineqarput akullugit. Imit saviminissanik akoqarnersut misissugassat katersuiffinnut plastikkinut nitrit-mik seernartumik akoriikkamik immiunneqarput. Katersat nakkartitsivikkoortinneqanngillat. Marramik akoqarnersut misissugassat igalaaminernut glas-nut immiunneqarlutik. Misissoqqissaarnissaanut pilersaarut Imit katersat tamarmik misissoqqissaarneqarput saviminissanik aammalu marramik akoqassusaanik, tamanna ataatungaani takuneqarsinnaapput. ph aammalu kissassuseq piffinni 1-16 aamma elektrode-t atorlugit uuttortarnerqarput. Ref /40

84 Nalunaarut 2-5 Imermik misissueqqissaarnissamut pilersaarut Elektrode-t atorlugit Savminissat Marrat Uuttugassat ph Kissassuseq Arsen Aqerloq Cadmium Chromium Kanngussaq Nikkel Zink Kviksølv Marraq tamakkiisoq Misissoqqissaagassat kemisk-iusut ingerlanneqarput: Miljølaboratoriet I/S, København, Danmark. Imip pitsaassusaa Imeq misissoqqissaarnerata inerneri ilanngussaq C-mi takuneqarsinnaapput. Tassungalu atatillugu nalunaarusiat ilanngussaq D-mi ilanngunneqarlutik. Misissukkat annertussusaat Nalunaarut 2-6-mi eqikkarneqarput. Nalunaarut 2-6 Saviminissanik aammalu marramik akoqassusaata annertussusai, katersanit 50- neersunit piffinni 1-20-meersut aammalu imi pitsaassusaanut assigiinngitsunut Uuttugassat naleqqiunneri. Piffik nr. 6 uani ilaanngilaq. Annertussuseq µg/l EU imermut maleruagassiai µg/l Ontario Provins-mi imermut maleruagassiai µg/l Kalaallit Nunaata imermut maleruagassiai µg/l Kalaallit Nunaata imarmut maleruagassiai µg/l Arsen <0, Aqerloq Cadmium < < Chromium < Kanngussaq , Nikkel Zink , Kviksølv Marraq < < mg/l 1 0, mg/l 50 mg/l Imermik katersani saviminissamik akoqarnerata annertussusaa annikitsuararsuuvoq. EU-mit maleruagassanit annikinnereqalutik, nalunaarut 3 takujuk. Imaq misissugassaq piffik nr. 6-meersoq annertunerusumik arsen-mik, kanngussamik aamma zinkmik piffiit allanit katersanit akoqarneruvoq. Imip seernassusaa ph 6,1-mit (piffik nr. 3, kangerliumarngaq tasertaq kujallermi, taseq Lake Katrina-mi) 7,3-mut annertussuseqarput. Tasiusap imaata seernassusaa qaffasippoq, ph 8,37, tamannalu imarmut assingulluni. Ref /40

85 Imit misissugassat tamarmik akisupput qalipaateqaratillu annikitsuaqqamillu marramik akoqarlutik (<4.0 mg/l). Imit misissugassat piffinni marlunneersuni, 1 aamma 14, kemisk-mik nalilersorneqarput august 2006-mi, ilanngussaq C takujuk. Nalunaarut 2-7-mi inernerit 1 aamma 14-meersut takuneqarsinnaapput, taakkullu assersuunneqarlutik 2007, 2008 aamma 2009-mi misissukkanut. Taakkullu takuteqqippaat misissukkat tamarmik annikitsuinnarnik saviminissanik akoqarmata aammalu 2006, 2007 aamma 2008-mi misissukkat akuisa nikerarnerat annikitsuinnaallutik. Nalunaarut 2-7 Ukiut tamaasa 2006-mit 2009-mut misissukkat piffinni marlunneersunik assersuunneqarneri. Uuttugassat Piffik 1 Tasertap avannarlermit kuuffiata nalaaniit, Taseq Lake Katrina Aug Sept Sept Aug Piffik 14 Tasertat akornannit Aug Sept Sept Aug Kissassuseq C ph, nunami Arsen µg/l <0.06 <0.06 <0.06 <0.06 <0.06 <0.06 < Aqerloq µg/l <0.03 <0.03 < < Cadmium µg/l <0.03 <0.03 <0.03 <0.03 <0.03 <0.03 <0.03 <0.03 Chromium µg/l <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 Kanngussaq µg/l , Nikkel µg/l < Zink µg/l Kviksølv µg/l <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 Marraq mg/l - <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 - <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 - : misissorneqanngilaq 2.3 Taseq Lake Katrina Itissutsit ammut isigalugit Taseq Lake Katrina marlunngorlugu aveqqatarneqarpoq qeqertaasat marlunnik, nunngarummik 1-2 m-nik ititigisumiittumik attuumasunik. Rubineqarfik pingaarneq qeqertaasaq kujammut killermiippoq. Itissutsimik misissuineq TNG-mit suliarineqarpoq 2009-mi (Takussutissiaq 2-11). Taakkullu takutippaat itissutsit tasertat tamarmik 50 m-it sinnerlugit ititigisut. Ref /40

86 Takussutissiaq 2-10 Taseq Lake Katrina-p itissusaa. Titarnerit 5 m-nik nikingapput. Tasertat marluk tamarmik 50 m-it sinnerlugit ititigaat, nunngarullu 2 m-nik itinerunani. Takussutissiaq 2-11 Ammut isigalugu misissukkat, kissassuseq, ph seernassuseq, ilt-i akuusoq aammalu innaallagiamik ingerlaartitsisinnaanera, atortoq Troll 9000 Water Quality Sonde atorlugu. Allannerit kisitsisillu ersinngillat, paasissutissallu taamaallaat PC-mut nuunneqarlutik. Ref /40

87 Uuttuut Troll 9000 sonde atorlugu imermi ammut sammisunik misissuinerit paasissutissanik erseqqissunik kinguneqarpoq, taakkuullutik kissassuseq, ph seernassuseq, ilt-i akuusoq aammalu innaallagiamik ingerlaartitsisinnaanera (Takussutissiaq 2-12 aamma Takussutissiaq 2-13). Kissassusermik nikeriarfik 6-7 m-miittoq august 2009-mi paasineqarpoq, taamatuttaaq september 2007 aamma 2008-mi m-miittoq paasineqarluni. Tasertap anginerup itisoortaa ½-1 o C nillornerorpasippoq, kisiannili tasertat assigeeqalutik. Innaallagissamik ingerlaartitsisinnaanera ilusilersinnaanngilaq aammalu tatsip imia allanngorartuarnera ilimagineqarpoq, tassa ukiumut marloriarluni upernaami aammalu ukiami imeq mumillunilusooq akusarpoq. Imeq oqimaannerpaaffeqartarpoq 4 o C-mi taamaasilluni aasaanerani allanngorpiassanani kissassusermik nikeriarfimmi pilersitsisarluni. Imip kissassumermik nikeriarfia ukiariaani peeruttarpoq nillertumik aamma anorimik sunnerneqaleraangat. Ukiuunerani kissassutsip nikerarfia mumisinneqarsinnaavoq imeq oqimaanneq 4 o C-iusoq naqqanut pigaangat oqinnerlu nillertoq tatsip qaanut pigaangat. Lake Katrina, Temperature vs. depth Temperature, C Large basin 20 Aug 2009 Small basin 20 Aug 2009 Large basin 8 Sept 2008 Small basin 8 Sept Large basin 15 Sept 2007 Small basin 15 Sept Depth, m Takussutissiaq 2-12 Kissassutsip ilusaat taseq Lake Katrina-p tasertaasa marlunneersut, misissuinerit pingasuneersut. Ref /40

88 Lake Katrina, large basin; 20/ Temp., C; DO, mg/l; ph; Cond., µsi /cm Temperature Dissolved Oxygen ph Conductivity Depth, m Takussutissiaq 2-13 Tasertap annerusup ammut sammisumik misissornerata ilusaat, kissassuseq, ilt-i akuunera, ph seernassuseq aammalu innaallagiamik ingerlaartitsisinnaanera, august mi misissugaq uuttuut Troll-9000 sonde atorlugu. Taseq ersarippoq naasoqartoqaranilu, kisiannili uumassusilinnik takussaasoqarpoq kissassutsip nikeriarfiata nalaani annikitsumik ilt-qarnera pillugu (Takussutissiaq 2-13). Taakkuullutit ilt-liortut imip naasui tappiorannartut (fytoplankton) aammalu ilt-mik atuisut uumasuaqqat tappiorannartut (zooplankton) aammalu bakteri-ssat taassumap nalaaniillutik. Annikitsuaqqamik pisoqarpoq, ilt-i kissassutsip nikeriarfiata nalaani annikitsumik annertusilaaqqavoq (115%), naqqata tungaanilu 90% taamaallaat tikillugit. Seernassusaa ph sunnerneqanngilaq, innaallagissamillu ingerlaartitsisinnaanera annikitsuaqqamik nikippoq, tamannalu pissutaasinnaavoq kissassutsip uuttuutaata sunniutaa, imaluunniit avataanit aasaanerani ion-nik akuulersitsisoqarnera pissutigalugu. Ref /40

89 Imip ersarissusaa uuttortarneqarpoq atortoq (Secchi-disk) atorlugu. Taanna kivisinneqartarpoq isigineqarsinnaajunnaarnissaata tungaanut, taava qaqeqqillugu nuisaqqalaarnissaa tikillugu (itissuseq Secchi). Itissuseq Secchi tasertani marluusuni mikinermi anginermilu piffinni (17 aamma 18) 2007-mi 22 m aamma 20 m-iupput, 2008-mi 21 m aamma 18 m, 2009-milu 25,3 m aamma 24,4 m. Uumassusillut tappiorannartut Uumassusillit tappiorannartut (fytoplankton aamma zooplankton) Taseq Lake Katrina-p tasertaanit marluusunik imip kissassusaata nikeriarfiata qulaani katersorneqarput 2007 aamma 2008-mi. Fytoplankton: Imit misissugassat 4 m, 8 m aamma 12 m nalaanit katersorneqarput atortoq Ruttner type atorlugu, akullugillu. Nakkartitsivikkoortinneqanngitsut imit 250 ml-iusut aamma katersorneqarput Lugols-mik akullugit, kingusinnerusukkut misissugassanngorlugit. Pingasoqiusamillu assigiinnik misissugassanittaaq katersisoqarluni. Zooplankton: Imit misissugassat 4 m, 8 m aamma 12 m nalaanit katersorneqarput, akullugillu. Misissugassat allat 3 l-it katersorneqarput nakkartitsivikkoortinneqarlutik 20 µm atorlugu 50 ml-nut annikillisinneqarlutik. Katersat Lugols-mik akuneqarput kingusinnerusukkut misissugassanngorlugit. Pingasoqiusamillu assigiinnik misissugassanittaaq katersisoqarluni. Klorofyl-a: Imit misissugassat 8 m nalaanit katersorneqarput, aammalu saniatigut katersat 840 ml-iusut GF/C glas fiber-iusukkut nakkartinneqarlutik, sølv papir-mut poorneqarlutik, nillertumut ilineqarlutik, akunnerillu marluk iluani qeritinneqarlutik kingusinnerusukkut qaammartitsisinnaanerinik misissugassanngorlugit. Takussutissiaq 2-14 Klorofyl-nik misissugassanik katersineq GF/C nakkartitsivikkoortitsinerlu ingerlaannaq pisarluni. Ref /40

90 Nalunaarut 2-8 Naasut tappiorannartut nammineerlutik nerisaqartitsisut, assigiingitsunillu inuussuteqarsinnaasut annertussusaat taseq Lake Katrina-p imiata qaaneersut, 2007 aamma 2008-mi. X isumaqarpoq taakku annikitsuaraaqqamik nassaassaasut. Ulloq: Sept Sept Aug Tasertaq Annert. Anniki. Annert. Anniki. Anner. Anniki. Nammineerluik nerisaqartitsisut, ind/ml NOSTOCOPHYCEAE Aphanothece clathrata (cell) Snowella litoralis (kol.) X X x CHRYSOPHYCEAE X Mallomonas spp. X X 0.1 DIATOMOPHYCEAE Aulacoseira granulata (filament) 0.1 X Aulacoseira granulata Tabellaria flocculosa Pennate (30-40 µm) CHLOROPHYCEAE Ankistrodesmus fusiformis (cell) Botryococcus braunii 0.99 X X 0.1 X X Chlorella spp. X X Oocystis spp. (5-10 µm) 8.73 X X X Oocystis spp. (10-15 µm) X X Oocystis spp. (20-30 µm) Sphaerocystis schroeteri Elakatothrix biplex X Stichococcus minutissimus 55.5 Cosmarium subcostatum Euastrum denticulatium Staurodesmus triangularis X X Xanthidium bifidum X X Assigiinngitsunik inuussuteqarsinnaasut, ind/ml CRYPTOPHYCEAE Cryptomonas spp. (20-30 µm) X X Katablepharis ovalis X 11,1 DINOPHYCEAE Gymnodinium spp. (5-10 µm) Gymnodinium spp. (30-40 µm) X X ,1 0.1 Peridinium umbonatum-gr. X X Peridinium willei CHRYSOPHYCEAE Bitrichia longispina X 0.33 X X Chrysolykos planctonicus X X Dinobryon bavaricum (cell) Dinobryon crenulatum (cell) X X 4.46 X X Dinobryon cylindricum (cell) X X 0.1 X X X X X X X Ref /40

91 Dinobryon mucronatum X X Dinobryon sertularia (cell) X Kephyrion boreale X X X X Ochromonas spp. (5-10 µm) Ochromonas spp. (10-15 µm) X X Uroglena spp. (5-10 µm) Chromulina spp. (2-5 µm) X X X X Chromulina spp. (5-10 µm) Annertussusaat, µg C/l Nalunaarut 2-9 Uumasut tappiorannartut taseq Lake Katrina-p imiata qaaneersut, 2007 aamma Ulloq: Sept Sept Aug 2009 Tasertaq Annert. Anniki. Annert. Anniki. Anner. Anniki. Zooplankton, ind/liter CILIATA Strombidium/Strobilidium spp Tontonia/Lohmanniella spp Ciliata spp. (20-30 µm sphere) 20.0 Ciliata spp. (10-20 µm ellipsoide) 10.0 Ciliata spp. (40-50 µm ellipsoide) 10.0 Ciliata spp. ( µm ellipsoide) Askenasia spp ROTATORIA Keratella cochlearis Keratella quadrata Polyarthra vulgaris/dolichoptera Synchaeta spp. >100 µm Asplanchna priodonta Filinia longiseta CLADOCERA Bosmina longispina COPEPODA Calanoide nauplier Calanoide copepoditer Eudiaptomus gracilis female Eudiaptomus gracilis male Eudiaptomus graciloides female Eudiaptomus graciloides male Zooplankton annertussusaat, µg C/l Uumassusillit naasullu tappiorannartut ilisariniarneqarput Miljøbiologisk Laboratorium Aps -mit, Hørsholm, Danmark. Ref /40

92 Naasunik taappiorannartoqarnera annikippoq, soorlu tatsip erseqqarissusaata tamanna takutikkaa. Amerlassusit aammalu annertussusinut tunngatillugu crysophycea -t saqquminerpaapput, imit/imap naasuinik akoqalaarlutik. Uumasut tappiorannartut akornanni uumasuaqqat qaleruallit art-it ikittut saqquminerpaapput. Cladocerans akornanni Bosmina longispina kisimi nassaassaavoq. Uumasuaqqat dafnia-t annikitsuaraaneri aalisagaqassasorinartippaa tamakkummi dafnia-nik nerinerusarmata. Kisiannili aalisagaqannginnera (immikkoortoq tullia takujuk) dafnia-qannginneranut eqqumiiginartoqartitsivoq 2009 tungaanut nassaassaalernerata tungaanut. Taakku nassaarineqarput annertukannertumik tatsillu naqqani kinnganerni neriniartuullutik. Angissusaat aammalu ersippiannginneri pissutigalugit taakku Kalaallit Nunaata tasiini aalisagaqanngitsuni nassaassaapput (Lauridsen et al. 2001). Naasut imermiut Naasut sorlallit taqaasallit imermik naasup iluani ingerlaartitsisinnaasut tatsimi nassaassaanngillat, kisiannili issuatsiaat Fontinalis sp. aamma Drepanocladus sp. annertuumik nassaassaallutik quppani assigisaanilu, allaat kinnganernik misissuinermi qillerinermi 50 m-nik ititigisumi nassaassaallutik. Takussutissiaq 2-15 Taseq Lake Katrina ersarilluinnarpoq, aalisagaqanngilaq, taqaasalinnillu naasoqarani. Issuatsiaat saavata tungaaniittut takuneqarsinnaapput. Aalisakkat 2007-mi qassutit marluk putunik assigiinngiiaanik putullit 30 m-nik takitigisut akunnernik 24-nik tatsimut inissinneqarput, 2008-mi akunnernik 120-nik, tatsip killingani ikkattumi (2-4 m) qeqertaasat nalaanni, tasertani. Ataaseq tasertap anngisuup kangerliumarngani aammalu tasertap mikinerup kuuffiata nalaani. Aalisakkanik pisartoqanngilaq. Tamanna tatsip killingani aasat marluk sulisunit ilimagineqartoq uppernasisippaa. Uumasuaraq Daphnia pulex kinnganerni nassaarineqarnera Ref /40

93 uumasuaqqanik tappiorannartunik misissuinermut naleqqussorinarpoq. Kalaallit Nunaanni aalisakkat assigiinngitsut marluk tatsini nassaassaapput, eqaluk aamma kakkilisak. Aammattaaq aalisagaqanngitsut nalinginnaapput (Lauridsen et al. 2001) immamut kuuffiit innaavallaaraangata imaluunniit allatut majorfigineqarsinnaanngippata. Ref /40

94 Immami nalaanilu misissuineq Immap nalaa piiaanermik toqqaannartumik sunnigaanavianngilaq kisiannili arlaatigut attuumassuteqarsinnaalluni soorlu taseq Lake Katrina-p kuunneranit imaluunniit sissiukkamik umiarsualivimmilluunniit akuiakkanik akuiagassanilluunniit assartuiffiusussamik. Misissugassanik katersuineq saviminissanik arrortikkuminaatsunik sammisaqappoq taakkullu piffiit arfinillit nalaanniit katersorneqarlutik, akornanniillunilu tatsip Lake Katrina-p kuuata paava Tasiusamut kuunnerata nalaani, taamatuttaaq Tasiusap paava Tasiusarsuarmut atanerata nalaani (piffik I aamma II Takussutissiaq 2-16). Piffiit pingasut kuut annertunerulaat nalaaniipput siunissami piiaaffiusinnaasut nalaanni akuersissutsip iluani (piffik III, IV, and V), piffillu ataaseq Tasiusarsuarmi kuunniit ungasissumiittoq uteqqiiffiittut naatsorsuussaq (piffik VII). Takussutissiaq 2-16 Sineriak misissuiffigineqartoq kanassunik, uillunik aammalu qeqqusanik katersuiffiit. Kanassut taamaallaat piffinni pingasuni pisarineqarput. Piffik VI nalilersoqqinnerani unitsinneqarpoq. Piffiit 2007 aamma 2008-mi tikeqqinneqarput. Art-it pingasut katersorneqarput, nassaassaappata, qeritinneqarlutillu kingusinnerusukkut saviminissanik arrortikkuminaatsunik akoqarneri misissugassanngorlugit (mingutsitsisinnaasullu allat pisariaqassaguni): Kanajoq (Myoxocephalus scorpius) Uiloq (Mytilus edulis) Qeqqusaq (Fucus vesiculosus) Art-it taakku pingasut misissuinernik taamaattunik atorneqarajupput uninngasuummata (uiloq aamma qeqqusaq) imaluunniit ingerlaartuunatik (kanajoq) aammalu Ref /40

95 sumi tamaani nassaassaallutik. Misilittakkat annertoqaat taamaammat piffinnut allanut assersuunneqarsinnaanerat tulluartuulluni. Kanassut pisarineqarput nallunnikkut. Takissusaat uutorneqarput tinguilu kisimi misissugassanngorlugit peerneqarlutik. Tingut aalisakkanit 1-6-lu ataatsumoortinneqarput qeritinneqarlutillu. Katillugit kanassut 45-t pisarineqarput angissusaat cm-iullutik, taakkullu aalisarfinni tallimani piffinni III aamma IV-mi pisarineqarlutik. Nallunneq aalisarfinni sisamani allani iluatsitsiffiunngilaq. Takussutissiaq 2-17 Kanassup tingua sungaarujuttoq kajorujuttorluunniit taamaallaat misissugassanngorlugu peerneqartarpoq. Uillut 4 7 cm-nik angitigisut sissami tinittarfiusup atsinnerusortaanit tininngasumi katersorneqarput. Uillut qaleruaat uuttuut caliper atorlugu naatsorsorneqarput, nerpiilu 1 cm-nik angitigisut uillut it tungaanoortut ataatsimoortinneqarput misissugassanngorlugit. 5-6 cm-nik angissusillit soqutiginarnerugaluarput. Qeqqusat aamma tinittarfiup atsinnerusortaanit katersorneqarput. Taamaallaat naasut nutaartaat soqutiginarput (siornarnisanit naasut). Katersat 2 deciliter-it missaaniittut imermik saleqqissaakkamik (demineraliseret vand) salinneqarput qeritinneqarlutillu. Qeqqusat siammasissumi naapput, Tasiusaq imermik akuuffiusoq pinnagu, tassanimi mikisuararsuupput misissugassaasinnaasumillu katersugassaqarani. Tarajukinnera pissutaalluni mikisuaranngorlutik naasarput, taamatuttaaq uillut nassaassaarpiaratik. Ref /40

96 Takussutissiaq 2-18 Qeqqusaq immap naasoraa Kalaallit Nunaata kitaata kujataani sineriaani nalinginnaanerpaaq, tinikkaangalu tikikkuminartuulluni. Immami nalaanilu katersat pingasunngorlugit katersorneqarput, kanassut pinnagit. Katersineq september 2007 aamma september 2008-mi ingerlanneqarput. Katersat erseqqissarneri, normulersorneri, sumiissusiorneri, il il. ilanngussaq A-mi takuneqarsinnaapput. 2.5 Kinnganerit Kinnganernik misissugassanik marlunnik katersisoqarpoq tasertat marluusut itinerpaaffianit, taamatuttaaq Tasiusami piffinni marlunnit. Misissugassat katersorneqarput atortoq Kajak atorlugu 50 mm-nik diameter-ilik. Misissugassat qalliit 5 cm-it 1 cm-nngorlugit agguarneqarput qeritinneqarlutillu kingusinnerusukkut uteqqiiffigineqarsinnaanngorlugit. Misissugassat sisamaasut akornanni marlunni, Tatsip Lake Katrina-p naqqani 50 m- nik itinerusumi, issuatsiaat ilimagineqartut Fontinalis sp ssasut nassaarineqarput. Uumasuaraq tappiorannartoq Daphnia pulex kinnganerit qaavata nalaaniittut amerlaqisut aamma nassaarineqarput. Kinngarnerik katersineq august 2009-mi ingerlanneqarpoq. Ref /40

97 Takussutissiaq 2-19 Kinnganerit 50 m-nik itinerusumeersut atortoq Kajak atorlugu katersorneqarput. 2.6 Nunap qaani misissugassanik katersat Orsuaasat kigaatsuararsuarmik naasarput aammalu silaannarmi mingutsitsineq orsuaasat sananeqaataanut katersuuttarluni. Orsuaasat katersorneqarput piffiit tatsip Lake Katrina eqqannguanit tallimanit, najugaqarfiup eqqaanit marluk, ataaseq (lic 10) umiarsualiviffissatut siunnersuutigineqartup nalaani, aammalu uteqqiffigineqarsinnaanngorlugit katersat tallimaasut Aappaluttup kujataani kitaanilu (Takussutissiaq 2-20). Orsuaasaq Cetraria nivalis (Takussutissiaq 2-21) katersorneqarpoq piffik lic 3 pinnagu. Tassani orsuaasaq Cladonia sp. taamaallaat nassaassaavoq. Deciliter-i ataaseq missaat katersorneqarput m 2 iluani, puussianut pappilissanut poorneqarlutik saviminissanik arrortikkuminaatsunik misissugassanngorlugit (aammalu PAH-t pisariaqartinneqassappat). Ilanngussaq A-mi sumiiffiit erseqqissarneqarput. Orsuaasaq Cetraria nivalis piffiit ilaanni naaneri annikitsuaraapput, tulleriiaartumillu katersiffigeqqunanngillat nungussinnaaneri eqqarsaatigalugu. Katerseqqinniaraanni meter-it 100-t nikeqqaarluni. Uumassusillit aammalu kinnganerit kemisk-mik misissorneqarnissaat utaqqineqarput. Katersat misissorneqassapput piiaaffiup nalaani nakkutilliinissamut atatillugu katersat aamma misissorneqalerpata. Ref /40

98 Takussutissiaq 2-20 Piffiit orsuaasanik katersuiffiit. Takussutissiaq 2-21 Orsuaasaq Cetraria nivalis paarnat Empetum nigrum aamma kigutaarnat Vaccinium uliginosum akornanni naasoq, piffik lic 1 nalaani. Ref /40

99 Nunami misissuineq Misissuiffik qaasuitsup killeqarfiata kujataaniippoq avannarpasissuseq 63 O -mi, Kalaallit Nunaata sineriaata kujataata kitaani kangerloqqortuumit km-nik tiffasitsigisumi. Issittup silaannaa silaannaraa (kissassuseq <10 o kiannerpaaffiata naalani), kisiannili isugutasoq avataanut qaninnera pissutigalugu, imartaalu ukiuunerani ammaannartuulluni. Qeriuaannartut ataasiakkaat nassaassaapput, taakkuli tarraasuni avannamullu sammisuniinnerullutik. Naasoqarneq Issittup silaannaqarfia pingasunngorlugu agguarneqarpoq, avannarleq, akunnattoq, kujallerlu, taakkullu naasoqassutsikkut aaliangersagaallutik. Misissuiffik kujasissortaaniippoq imarpimmut qanittumut naasoqarfiusumi. Silaannaqarfik kujalleq ilisarnaatigaa orpigannguanik 0,4 m-nik qummut naasoqarnera. Naasut (taqaasallit) annikitsunnguamik misissorneqarput orsuaasat katersiffiisa nalaanni, aammalu naasoqarfiusut pissusissamisoortut najuqarfiup nalaani aammalu taseq kaajallallugu. Piffissaq kingusimmat naasut pilutallit iluamik katerserneqanngillat. Naasoqarfiusut siaruarsimanerit makkuupput: Paarnat/kigutaarnat annerusumik paarnanik Empetrum nigrum naaffiusut kisiannili kigutaarnanik Vaccinium uliginosum akullit aammalu issuatsiaat taamatuttaaq orsuaasanik % tungaanut qallerneqarsimasunik. Orpigaq avaalaqiaq annerusumik avaalaqiamit Betula nana naaffiusut kisiannili paarnaqarfiusartut qulaanullu taasanut paarnanut aamma kigutaarnanut erseqqissaamik killiffeqanngitsumik naasarlutik. Orpigaq piluusaq annerusumik piluusaq avannarlermit Salix glauca naaffiusut, ilaatigut qummut 1 m-it sinnerlugit oqquaasuni qooqqunilu oqquusuni naasinnaasoq. Masarsuit annikitsuinnarmik nassaassaapput tatsit kuullu killinganiinneralutik ukaliusanik Eriophorum angustifolium, ivikkat qatsissumi naasinnaasut carex rariflora aammalu issuatsiaanik naaffiusunik. Naasut najugaqarfiusup nalaaniittut panertumiipput, paarnaqarpiarani avaalaqiaqarpiaranilu, qajaasat Ledum groenlandicum naapput aamma piluusat, ivikkat Deschampsia flexuosa, ivikkat qeratasut Carex bigelowii, issuatsiaallu Huperzia silage aamma naallutik. Tastip Lake Katrinap qeqertaasaa Aappaluttoq naasoqarneruvoq. Annerusumik avaalaqianik aamma paarnanik naaffiuvoq aammalu kigutaarnat, paarnaqutikuluut Phyllodoce caerulea, piluusat, kakillarnat Juniperus communis, issuatsiaq Lycopodium annotinum, uiffat Woodsia ilvensis aamma siaangasut Dryopteris assimilis, tikiusaat Campanula gieseckiana, ivissuaq Juncus trifidus, (naasuaraq) Potentilla tridentate, allallu. Naasunik immikkut illersugaasunik naassaartoqanngilaq (Nalunaarut 2-10). Ref /40

100 Nalunaarut 2-10 Misissuinermi naasut tamakkiisumik nassaasut Tuluttut Latinerisut Bog bilberry Vaccinium uliginosum Crowberry Empetrum nigrum Dwarf birch Betula nana American Dwarf Birch Betula glandulosa Blue mountain heath Phyllodoce caerulea Diapensia Diapensia lapponica Bog labrador tea Ledum groenlandicum Three-toothed cinquefoil Potentilla tridentate Dwarf cornel Cornus suecica Gieseck's arctic bellflower Campanula gieseckiana Northern willow Salix glauca Common juniper Juniperus communis Wavy hair-grass Deschampsia flexuosa Arctic thrift Armeria scabra Three-leaved rush Juncus trifidus Stiff sedge Carex bigelowii Alpine Cat's-tail Phleum alpinum Fir clubmoss Huperzia silage Stiff clubmoss Lycopodium annotinum Alpine Clubmoss Diphasiastrum alpinum Spike trisetum Trisetum spicatum Alpine Meadow-grass Poa alpina Tall cottongrass Eriophorum angustifolium Loose-flower alpine sedge Carex rariflora Highland Cudweed Gnaphalium norvegicum Bluejoint reedgrass calamagrostis langsdorfii Oblong woodsia Woodsia ilvensis Northern Buckler-fern Dryopteris assimilis Alpine Mouse-ear Cerastium alpinum Snow Whitlowgrass Draba nivalis Alpine Lady's-mantle Alchemilla alpina Alpine Catchfly Lychnis alpina Broad-leafed Willow-herb Chamaenerion latifolium Common Butterwort Pinguicula vulgaris Scottish Asphodel Tofieldia pusilla Northern Green Orchid Platanthera hyperborea Timmissat Timmissat art-it ikittut misissuiffiusumi takuneqarput. Tamanna ukiup kingusinneranut pissutaasinnaavoq timmissat amerlanerit ingerlaartuummata qimagutereersimasinnaallutillu. Kussak Oenanthe oenanthe issittup silaannaata kujasissortaani takussaagajuppoq, sinerissap nalaani aammalu najugaqarfiup nalaani takuneqarluni. Illersuisutut pissuseqarpoq piaqqiorsimanissaalu ilimanarluni. Timmiaq nikittartuuvoq ukiukkullu Afrika-mi ukiisarluni. Kalaallit Nunaat qimattarpaat august september-milu, siusinnerusukkullu takussaanerusimassalluni. Ref /40

101 Qupaloraarsuit Plectrophenax nivalis piaqqat ikittut ataatsimoortut najugaqarfiup aammalu tatsip nalaani takussaapput. Kalaallit Nunaat tamakkingajallugu nalinginnaavoq tamaanilu piaqqiornissaa ilimanarluni. Kalaallit Nunaat qimattarpaat september oktober nalaani. Orpimmiutaq Carduelis flammea ataaseq 2007-mi takuneqarpoq. Issittup silaannaata kujallermi nalinginnaasuuvoq, tiffasinnerusumiittarlutilu. Kalaallit Nunaat qimattarpaat september oktober nalaani. Tulugaq Corvus corax taamaallat marloriarlugu takuneqarpoq najugaqarfiup nalaani 2007-mi. Timmiaq ukiuusartoq Kalaallit Nunaat tamakkingajallugu nalinginnaasoq. Nattoralik Haliaeetus albicilla ataasiarlugu taseq Lake Katrina qulaatingaatsiarlugu timmisoq takuneqarpoq, kisiannili sineriak nalaani takussaaqaluni. Immami katersuiffiup IV nalaani piaraq aamma utoqqaq 2007-mi takuneqarput aammalu utoqqaat marluk 2008-mi mi orninneqanngilaq mi piaqqat marluk takuneqarput Tasiusap paavata nalaaniittut (Takussutissiaq 2-23), kisianni ullui naluneqarlutik. Naajat piaqqat marluk Larus glaucoides Tasiusap paavata nalaani takuneqarput. Timmiaq kitaata sineraani nalinginnaasoq piaqqisartoq. Ukiuunerani avataata nalaaniittarpoq. Aqisseq Lagopus mutus misissuiffimmi takuneqarpoq (helikopter-mit) kisiannili najugaqarfiup tatsillu nalaaniinngitsoq. Timmiaq Kalaallit Nunaanni ukiuusartoq nalinginnaasoq. Timmissat imarmiut taseq Lake Katrina-mut atatillugu misissuinerup nalaani takuneqanngillat, taamatuttaaq siusinnerusukkut sulisut nalunaarnerannik. Tamanna paasinarpoq taseq aalisagaqannginnera naasoqarpiannginneralu pisuullutik. Ref /40

102 Takussutissiaq 2-22 Nattorallit piaqqat marluk Tasiusap paavata nalaaniittut (saamerleq) september 2008 aammalu piaraq ataaseq immami katersuiffiup IV nalaaniittoq (talerperleq) september Uumasut miluumasut Kalaallit Nunaat nunami uumasunik miluumasunik ikitsuinnarnik najorneqarpoq, pingasuinnaallu misissuiffiup nalaani nassaassaallutik: terianniaq, ukaleq tuttulu. Ukaleq Lepus arcticus misissuiffiup nalaani ilisimaneqarluarpoq kisiannili misissuinerup nalaani takuneqarani. Terianniaq Alopex lagopus najugaqarfiup nalaani sulisunik takuneqartaqaaq. Kalaallit Nunaanni nalinginnaasuuvoq, ingammik sinerissap nalaani. Tuttu Rangifer tarandus groenlandicus Kalaallit Nunaata kitaani siammasissumi uumasuuviq aammalumi Qeqertarsuatsiaat nalaani. Arlallit takuneqarput najugaqarfiup aamma tatsip Lake Katrina-p nalaani, 2007 aamma 2008-mi misissuinermi. (Takussutissiaq 2-23). Tuttut ataatsimoortut tallimat tatsimit km-it sisamat missaanik kippasitsigisumiittut imermik katersuiffik nr. 14 nalaaniittut 2009-mi takuneqarput. August aamma september tuttunik piniarfiuvoq, piniartullu arlallit najugaqarfik eqqaatigoortut tuttunik nammattut naammattoorneqarput mi tuttut marluk pisarineqarput najugaqarfiup aamma tatsip akornaniitut. Ref /40

103 Takussutissiaq 2-23 Tuttu taseq Lake Katrina killingatigoortoq, september Tunuliaqutit Born, E.W., Böcher, J. (eds.) Grønlands økologi en grundbog (in Danish). Atuakkiorfik, Nuuk. Cuyler, C., Rosing, M., Heinrich, R., Egede, J. & Mathæussen, L Status of two West Greenland caribou populations in 2006, 1) Ameralik, 2) Qeqertarsuatsiaat. Greenland Institute of Natural Resources. Technical Report No pp. (Part I: 1-74; Part II: ). Cuyler, C., Rosing, M., Mølgaard, H., Heinrich, R., Egede, J. & Mathæussen, L Incidental observations of muskox, fox, hare, ptarmigan and eagle during caribou surveys in West Greenland. Greenland Institute of Natural Resources. Technical Report No pp. DMI, Climate data from Danish Meteorological Institute Greenland Survey, 2003: Grønlands drikkevandsforsyning. Et datagrundlag for en vandforsyningsstrategi. Prepared by Aasiaq and Hedeselskabet. Jensen, D.B., Christensen, K.D. (eds) The Biodiversity of Greenland - a country study. Pinngortitaleriffik, Technical Report No. 55, 210 pp. Ref /40

104 Lauridsen, Y., Jeppesen, E., Landkildehus, F., Søndergaard, M Horizontal distribution of cladocerans in arctic Greenland lakes - impact of macrophytes and fish. Hydrobiologia 442: Ohmura, A., Calanca, P., Wild, M., Anklin, M Precipitation, accumulation and mass balance of the Greenland Ice Sheet. Zetschrift für Gletscherkunde und Glacialgeologie 35: Geodætisk Institut, 1956: Topographic map. BL 62 V1. 1: PL.H -3 62º º00. Ref /40

105 Ilanngussaq A Pissutsinik atuuttunik misissuinerup erseqqissarneqarneri, sumiiffiit, ukiorlu suna. Marlunngorlugit katersat allanillu paasissutissat allaatigisami atuarneqarsinnaapput. Orsuaasaq (Cetraria nivalis) Katersaq UTM_ Zone E N Portussuseq m 2007 Sept Sept Aug. Allaatigisaq tuluttut lic 1 22 V X X West of L. Katrina outlet lic 2 22 V X X L. Katrina mid north by drilling site lic 3 22 V X X L. Katrina east near waterfall lic 4 22 V X X L. Katrina south, near tributary lic 5 22 V X X North of "L. 300", south of L. katrina lic 6 22 V X X South of L. Tassiusaq lic 7 22 V X X Near waterfall north of camp lic 8 22 V X X Near Laks Elv 10 km SE of L.Katrina lic 9 22 V X X Appaluttoq peninsula, near mining area lic V X Tasiussarsuaq, landing site lic V X Kangaarsuk, near watersample W19 lic V X App. 1 km west of L. Katrina lic V X Near watersample W14 Imit katersat Katersaq UTM_ Zone E N Portussuseq m 2007 Sept Sept Aug. Allaatigisaq tuluttut W 1 22 V X X X (Also in 2006) Outlet from L. Katrina W 2 22 V X X Tributary to L. Katrina W 3 22 V X X Tributary to L. Katrina W 4 22 V X X Tributary to L. Katrina W 5 22 V X X Tributary to "L. 300" south of L. Katrina W 6 22 V X X X "L." Tasiussaq W 7 22 V X X Drinking water lake, outlet W 8 22 V X X Waterfall north of camp W 9 22 V X X River near Marine st. IV W V X X River near Marine st. III W V X X Tributary to lake W V X X Lake W V X X Tributary to lake W V X X X (Also in 2006) Between two lakes W V X X Tributary to lake W V X X Tributary to lake W V X X X Small L.Katrina, above thermocline W V X X X Small L.Katrina, below thermocline W V X X X Large L.Katrina, above thermocline W V X X X Large L.Katrina, below thermocline W V X X Kangaarsuk Ref /40

106 W V X X Kangaarsuk Tatsip ammut sammisui & uumasuaqqat tappiorannartut Piffik UT- MZo ne 2007 Sept Sept Aug. Allaatigisaq tuluttut 1 22 V X X X Small L.Katrina 2 22 V X X X Large L.Katrina Qassutit misissuutit, sumiiffik aammalu tatsimi siaaqqaneri sivisussusaa Piffik E N Portussuseq m UT- MZo ne 2007 Sept Sept Aug. Allaatigisaq tuluttut 3 22 V X Small L.Katrina, near outlet 4 22 V X Large L.Katrina, near sill 5 22 V X Small L. Katrina, near sill 6 22 V X Large L. Katrina, north Kinnganerit Katersat E N Piffissaq t UT- MZo ne 2007 Sept Sept Aug. Allaatigisaq tuluttut SD 1 & 2 22 V X Large L. Katrina SD 3 & 4 22 V X Small L. Katrina SD 5 & 6 22 V X Tasiussaq West SD 7 & 8 22 V X Tasiussaq East by Ruby Island Immami katersat Qeqqusaq (Fucus vesiculosis) Piffik E N Itissuseq m UT- MZo ne E N 2007 Sept Sept Aug. Allaatigisaq tuluttut M st. I 22 V X X Tasiussaq west M st. II 22 V X X Tasiussarsuaq north M st. III A 22 V X X Near river mouth (waterfall) M st. III B 22 V X X 500 m north of rivermouth (waterfall) M st. IV A 22 V X X 300 m west of river mouth (Laks Elv) M st. IV B 22 V X X 900 m west of river mouth (Laks Elv) M st. V 22 V X X M st. VII 22 V X X Tasiussarssuaq east Uiloq (Mytilus edulis) Piffik UT- MZo ne E N 2007 Sept Sept Aug. Allaatigisaq tuluttut M st. I 22 V X X Tasiussaq west M st. II 22 V X X Tasiussarsuaq north M st. III A 22 V X X Near river mouth (waterfall) M st. III B 22 V X X 500 m north of rivermouth (waterfall) M st. IV A 22 V X 300 m west of river mouth (Laks Elv) M st. IV B 22 V X X 900 m west of river mouth (Laks Elv) Ref /40

107 M st. V 22 V X X M st. VII 22 V X X Tasiussarssuaq east Kanajoq (Myoxocephalus scorpius), pisat amerlassusaat piffini tamani nalunaarsugaapput, ukiorlu sorleq Piffik UT- MZo ne E N 2007 Sept Sept Aug. Allaatigisaq tuluttut M st. I 22 V Tasiussaq west M st. II 22 V Tasiussarsuaq north M st. III A 22 V Near river mouth (waterfall) M st. III B 22 V m north of rivermouth (waterfall) M st. IV A 22 V m west of river mouth (Laks Elv) M st. IV B 22 V m west of river mouth (Laks Elv) M st. V 22 V M st. VII 22 V Tasiussarssuaq east Ref /40

108 Ilanngussaq B Water quality, freshwater, 2007, 2008, 2009 STATION 1 STATION 2 STATION 3 Outlet from northern basin, Lake Katrina Sill between the two basins, Lake Katrina Inlet southern basin, Lake Katrina 12-sep-07 8-sep aug sep-07 8-sep sep-07 8-sep-08 Temperature, field C ph, field measurements Suspended solids mg/l <1.00 <1.00 <1.00 < <1.00 <1.00 Arsenic, As µg/l <0.06 <0.06 <0.06 <0.06 <0.06 <0.06 <0.06 Lead, Pb µg/l <0.03 <0.03 <0.03 < Cadmium, Cd µg/l <0.03 <0.03 <0.03 <0.03 <0.03 <0.03 <0.03 Chromium, Cr µg/l <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 < <0.5 <0.5 Copper, Cu µg/l Nickel, Ni µg/l Zinc, Zn µg/l Mercury, Hg µg/l <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 STATION 4 STATION 5 STATION 6 Inlet southern basin, Lake Katrina Inlet to "Lake 300" Lake/fiord Tassiusaq 12-sep-07 8-sep sep sep sep-07 9-sep aug-09 Temperature, field C ph, field measurements Suspended solids mg/l <1.00 <1.00 <1.00 <1.00 < Arsenic, As µg/l <0.06 <0.06 <0.06 <0.06 <5* Lead, Pb µg/l < < Cadmium, Cd µg/l <0.03 <0.03 < <0.03 <0.03 <0.15 Chromium, Cr µg/l <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 < Copper, Cu µg/l Nickel, Ni µg/l , Zinc, Zn µg/l ,0 Mercury, Hg µg/l <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 STATION 7 STATION 8 STATION 9 Small lake downstream Lake Katrina Waterfall, inlet Lake, north of camp Stream at marine station IV 12-sep sep sep sep sep sep-08 Temperature, field C ph, field measurements Suspended solids mg/l <1.00 <1.00 <1.00 <1.00 <1.00 <1.00 Arsenic, As µg/l <0.06 <0.06 <0.06 <0.06 <0.06 <0.06 Lead, Pb µg/l < <0.03 Cadmium, Cd µg/l <0.03 <0.03 <0.03 < <0.03 Chromium, Cr µg/l < <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 Copper, Cu µg/l Nickel, Ni µg/l Zinc, Zn µg/l , Mercury, Hg µg/l <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 STATION 10 STATION 11 STATION 12 Waterfall at marine station III Inlet to lake Lake 14-sep sep sep sep sep sep-08 Temperature, field C ph, field measurements Suspended solids mg/l <1.00 <1.00 <1.00 <1.00 <1.00 <1.00 Arsenic, As µg/l <0.06 <0.06 <0.06 <0.06 <0.06 <0.06 Lead, Pb µg/l < Cadmium, Cd µg/l <0.03 <0.03 <0.03 <0.03 <0.03 <0.03 Chromium, Cr µg/l < < <0.5 <0.5 Copper, Cu µg/l Nickel, Ni µg/l Zinc, Zn µg/l 1.9 1, Mercury, Hg µg/l <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 Ref /40

109 STATION 13 STATION 14 STATION 15 Inlet to Lake Between two lakes Inlet to Lake 15-sep sep sep sep aug sep sep-08 Temperature, field C ph, field measurements , Suspended solids mg/l <1.00 <1.00 <1.00 <1.00 <1.00 <1.00 <1.00 Arsenic, As µg/l <0.06 <0.06 <0.06 < <0.06 <0.06 Lead, Pb µg/l < Cadmium, Cd µg/l <0.03 <0.03 <0.03 <0.03 <0.03 <0.03 <0.03 Chromium, Cr µg/l < <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 Copper, Cu µg/l Nickel, Ni µg/l Zinc, Zn µg/l 6.4 2, Mercury, Hg µg/l <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 STATION 16 STATION 17. above thermocline STATION 17. below thermocline Outlet from Lake Northern basin, Lake Katrina Northern basin, Lake Katrina 15-sep sep sep-07 8-sep aug sep-07 8-sep aug-09 Temperature, field C ph, field measurements Suspended solids mg/l <1.00 <1.00 <1.00 <1.00 <1.00 <1.00 <1.00 <1.00 Arsenic, As µg/l <0.06 <0.06 <0.06 < <0.06 < Lead, Pb µg/l Cadmium, Cd µg/l <0.03 <0.03 <0.03 <0.03 <0.03 <0.03 <0.03 <0.03 Chromium, Cr µg/l < <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 Copper, Cu µg/l Nickel, Ni µg/l Zinc, Zn µg/l Mercury, Hg µg/l <0.02 <0.02 < <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 STATION 18. above termocline STATION 18. below thermocline STATION 19 South-eastern basin, Lake Katrina South-eastern basin, Lake Katrina Stream, outlet to Qagsstsiaq 17-sep sep aug sep sep aug sep aug-09 Temperature, field C ph, field measurements Suspended solids mg/l <1.00 <1.00 <1.00 < <0.01 <1.00 <1.00 Arsenic, As µg/l <0.06 <0.06 <0.06 <0.06 <0.06 <0.06 <0.06 <0.06 Lead, Pb µg/l < Cadmium, Cd µg/l <0.03 <0.03 <0.03 <0.03 <0.03 <0.03 <0.03 <0.03 Chromium, Cr µg/l <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 Copper, Cu µg/l Nickel, Ni µg/l Zinc, Zn µg/l Mercury, Hg µg/l <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 STATION 20 Stream, outlet to Qagsstsiaq Date Date 10-sep aug-09 Temperature, field C ph, field measurements Suspended solids mg/l 1.4 <1.00 Arsenic, As µg/l <0.06 <0.06 Lead, Pb µg/l Cadmium, Cd µg/l < Chromium, Cr µg/l <0.5 <0.5 Copper, Cu µg/l Nickel, Ni µg/l Zinc, Zn µg/l Mercury, Hg µg/l <0.02 <0.02 Ref /40

110 Ilanngussaq C Piffiit imermik katersuiffiit Ref /40

111 Imermik katersuiffik - piffik 1 Taseq Lake Katrina-p kuuffia tasertaq avannarlermit Piffik nr. St.1 Date and time: :48 Sumiissuseq siunnersuut Northing Easting Zone Sumiissuseq naatsorsugaq Northing: Easting: Qatsissuseq Sumiiffiup nalunaarsuutaa Katersuiffiup sumiissusaa Assit UTM Zone: 22 V 230 m Red arrow painted on cliffs Distance from marking: 2 m Width of stream: 5 m Distance from bank: 2 m Depth of stream: 0.5 m Depth of sampling (below the surface): 0.2 m Silaannarmiit assilisaq: Kissassuseq: 8.4 o C ph seernassuseq: Stream: 6.53 Puiaasaq nr.: ST. 1 Silap pissusaa katersinerup nalaani Oqaaseqaatit Aqqat aallaqqaataat Sunny, 6 o C Outlet from Lake Katrina, small basin OG, JAF

112 Imermik katersuiffik - piffik 2 Tatsip Lake Katrina-p qeqertaasaanit Piffik nr. St. 2 Date and time: :05 Sumiissuseq siunnersuut Northing Zone Easting Sumiissuseq naatsorsugaq Qatsissuseq Sumiiffiup nalunaarsuutaa Katersuiffiup sumiissusaa Assit Northing: Easting: UTM Zone: 22 V 232 m None Distance from marking: No marking Width of stream: Lake Distance from bank: 0.5 m Depth: 1.5 m Depth of sampling (beneath water level): 0.2 m Silaannarmit assilisaq Kissassuseq: 8.9 o C ph seernassuseq: Lake: 6.91 Sample Puiaasaq nr.: ST 2 Silap pissusaa katersinerup nalaani Oqaaseqaatit Aqqat aallaqqaataat Sunny, 6 o C Sample taken at separation (northern part) between small and large basin. OG, JAF

113 Imermik katersuiffik - piffik 3 Kuuk taseq Lake Katrina kujataata tungaanut kuuttoq Piffik nr. St. 3 Date and time: :26 Sumiissuseq siunnersuut Northing Easting Zone Sumiissuseq naatsorsugaq Northing: Easting: Qatsissuseq Sumiiffiup nalunaarsuutaa Katersuiffiup sumiissusaa Assit UTM Zone: V m None Distance from marking: No marking Width of stream: 0.8 m Distance from bank: 0.4 m Depth of stream: 0.4 m Depth of sampling (beneath water level): 0.2 m Silaannarmit assilisaq Kissassuseq: 5.6 o C ph seernassuseq: Stream: 5.77 Sample Puiaasaq nr.: Silap pissusaa katersinerup nalaani Oqaaseqaatit Aqqat aallaqqaataat ST2 Sunny, 6 o C Sample taken at small stream 50 m upstream outlet to southeastern part of L. Katrina, large basin OG, JAF

114 Imermik katersuiffik - piffik 4 Kuuk Taseq Lake Katrina-mut kuuttoq Piffik nr. St. 4 Date and time: :20 Sumiissuseq siunnersuut Northing Easting Zone Sumiissuseq naatsorsugaq Northing: Easting: Qatsissuseq Sumiiffiup nalunaarsuutaa UTM Zone: V m None Katersuiffiup sumiissusaa Distance from marking: No marking Width of stream: 4 m Distance from stream bank: 2 m Depth of stream: 0.4 m Depth of sampling (beneath water level): 0.2 m Silaannarmit assilisaq Kissassuseq: 6.2 o C ph seernassuseq: Stream: 6.81 Sample Puiaasaq nr.: ST 4 Silap pissusaa katersinerup nalaani Oqaaseqaatit Aqqat aallaqqaataat Sunny, 6 o C Sample taken in a small stream near inlet to the southern end of L. Katrina OG, JAF

115 Imermik katersuiffik - piffik 5 Taseq "Lake 300" p avannaata killinganit Piffik nr. St. 5 Date and time: :46 Sumiissuseq siunnersuut Northing Easting Zone Sumiissuseq naatsorsugaq Northing: Easting: UTM Zone: V 22 Qatsissuseq Sumiiffiup nalunaarsuutaa Katersuiffiup sumiissusaa Assit 296 m None Distance from marking: No marking Lake Distance from bank: 0.9 m Depth: 0.5 m Depth of sampling (beneath water level): 0.2 m Silaannarmit assilisaq Kissassuseq: 8.1 o C ph seernassuseq: 6.37 Puiaasaq nr.: Silap pissusaa katersinerup nalaani Oqaaseqaatit Aqqat aallaqqaataat ST5 Sunny, 6 o C Shore of Lake 300 south of L. Katrina OG, JAF

116 Imermik katersuiffik - piffik 6 Tassiusaq Piffik nr. St. 6 Date and time: :53 Sumiissuseq siunnersuut Northing Zone Easting Sumiissuseq naatsorsugaq Qatsissuseq Sumiiffiup nalunaarsuutaa Katersuiffiup sumiissusaa Assit Northing: Easting: UTM Zone: V 22 1 m None Distance from marking: No marking Lake/fjord Distance from bank: 0.5 m Depth: 2.5 m Depth of sampling (beneath water level): 0.3 m Silaannarmit assilisaq Kissassuseq: 7.6 o C ph seernassuseq: Fjord: 7.94 Sample Puiaasaq nr.: ST 6 Silap pissusaa katersinerup nalaani Oqaaseqaatit Aqqat aallaqqaataat Sunny, 4 o C The water in Tassiusaq is brackish OG, JAF

117 Imermik katersuiffik piffik 7 Taseraq Tatsip Lake Katrina-p kuuaniittoq Piffik nr. St. 7 Date and time: :48 Sumiissuseq siunnersuut Northing Easting Zone Sumiissuseq naatsorsugaq Northing: Easting: Zone: V 22 Qatsissuseq Sumiiffiup nalunaarsuutaa Katersuiffiup sumiissusaa Assit 20 m None Distance from marking: No marking Lake Distance from bank: 2.5 m Depth: 0.4 m Depth of sampling: 0.2 m Silaannarmit assilisaq Kissassuseq: 8.1 o C ph seernassuseq: Lake: 6.95 Sample Puiaasaq nr.: ST 7 Silap pissusaa katersinerup nalaani Oqaaseqaatit Aqqat aallaqqaataat Sunny, 4 o C Drinking water intake for the camp from this lake JAF, OG

118 Imermik katersuiffik - piffik 8 Qorlortoq, najugaqarfiup avannaani Piffik nr. St. 8 Date and time: :11 Sumiissuseq siunnersuut Northing Easting Zone Sumiissuseq naatsorsugaq Northing: Easting: UTM Zone: V 22 Qatsissuseq Sumiiffiup nalunaarsuutaa Katersuiffiup sumiissusaa Assit 10 m None Distance from marking: No marking Width of stream: 4 m Distance from bank: 1.5 m Depth of stream: 0.3 m Depth of sampling (beneath water level): 0.2 m Silaannarmit assilisaq Kissassuseq: 8.5 o C ph seernassuseq: Stream: 7.02 Sample Puiaasaq nr.: Silap pissusaa katersinerup nalaani Oqaaseqaatit Aqqat aallaqqaataat ST8 Sunny, 4 o C Inlet to lake just north of the camp. OG, JAF

119 Imermik katersuiffik - piffik 9 Kuuk immami katersuiffiup IV nalaani Piffik nr. St. 9 Date and time: :47 Sumiissuseq siunnersuut Northing Easting Zone Sumiissuseq naatsorsugaq Northing: Easting: Qatsissuseq Sumiiffiup nalunaarsuutaa Katersuiffiup sumiissusaa Assit UTM Zone: V 22 4 m None Distance from marking: No marking Width of stream: 13.0 m Distance from stream bank: 2.5 m Depth of stream: 0.8 m Depth of sampling (beneath water level): 0.2 m Silaannarmit assilisaq Kissassuseq: 8.8 o C ph seernassuseq: Stream: 6.22 Sample Puiaasaq nr.: ST 9 Silap pissusaa katersinerup nalaani Oqaaseqaatit Aqqat aallaqqaataat Cloudy, no rain, 7 o C Sample taken app. 25 m upstream the inlet to the fiord. OG, JAF

120 Imermik katersuiffik - piffik 10 Qorlortoq immamik katersuiffiup III nalaani Piffik nr. St. 10 Date and time: :06 Sumiissuseq siunnersuut Northing Easting Zone Sumiissuseq naatsorsugaq Northing: Easting: V Qatsissuseq Sumiiffiup nalunaarsuutaa Katersuiffiup sumiissusaa Assit UTM Zone: V 22 1 m None Distance from marking: No marking Width of stream: 4.5 m Distance from bank: 0.5 m Depth: 0.4 m Depth of sampling (beneath water level): 0.2 m Silaannarmit assilisaq Kissassuseq: 6.8 o C ph seernassuseq: Waterfall: 6.62 Sample Puiaasaq nr.: Silap pissusaa katersinerup nalaani Oqaaseqaatit Aqqat aallaqqaataat Cloudy, no rain, 7 o C Sample taken at the lower part of the waterfall 20 m upstream the fjord OG, JAF

121 Imermik katersuiffik - piffik 11 Kuuk, 10 m-nik taseq qummut qaangerlugu Piffik nr. St. 11 Date and time: :31 Sumiissuseq siunnersuut Northing Easting Zone Sumiissuseq naatsorsugaq Northing: Easting: UTM Zone: V 22 Qatsissuseq Sumiiffiup nalunaarsuutaa Katersuiffiup sumiissusaa Assit 27 m None Distance from marking: No marking Width of stream: 2.5 m Distance from bank: 0.75 m Depth of stream: 0.5 m Depth of sampling (beneath water level): 0.2 m Silaannarmit assilisaq Kissassuseq: ph seernassuseq: Stream: 6.51 Sample Puiaasaq nr.: ST 11 Silap pissusaa katersinerup nalaani Oqaaseqaatit Aqqat aallaqqaataat Partly cloudy, dry, 5 o C Sample taken app. 10 m before inlet to lake JAF

122 Imermik katersuiffik - piffik 12 Taseq Piffik nr. St. 12 Date and time: Sumiissuseq siunnersuut Northing Easting Zone Sumiissuseq naatsorsugaq Northing: Easting: Qatsissuseq Sumiiffiup nalunaarsuutaa UTM Zone: V m None Katersuiffiup sumiissusaa Assit Distance from marking: No marking Lake Distance from bank: 1.5 m Depth: 0.6 m Depth of sampling (beneath water level): 0.2 m Silaannarmit assilisaq Kissassuseq: 7.2 o C ph seernassuseq: Lake: 7.02 Sample Puiaasaq nr.: ST 12 Silap pissusaa katersinerup nalaani Oqaaseqaatit Aqqat aallaqqaataat Partly cloudy, dry, 5 o C Sample taken at the outlet of a small lake. No permanent inlets. JAF

123 Imermik katersuiffik - piffik 13 Tasimut kooriaq Piffik nr. St. 13 Date and time: :17 Sumiissuseq siunnersuut Northing Easting Zone Sumiissuseq naatsorsugaq Northing: Easting: UTM Zone: V 22 Qatsissuseq Sumiiffiup nalunaarsuutaa Katersuiffiup sumiissusaa Assit 44 m None Distance from marking: No marking Width of stream: 4.5 m Distance from bank: 0.5 m Depth of stream: 0.5 m Depth of sampling (beneath water level): 0.2 m Silaannarmit assilisaq Kissassuseq: 7.2 o C ph seernassuseq: Stream: 7.07 Sample Puiaasaq nr.: Silap pissusaa katersinerup nalaani Oqaaseqaatit Aqqat aallaqqaataat ST13 Partly cloudy, dry, 5 o C Sample taken app. 100 m before inlet to lake. JAF

124 Imermik katersuiffik - piffik 14 Tatsit marluk akornanni Piffik nr. St. 14 Date and time: :36 Sumiissuseq siunnersuut Northing Easting Zone Sumiissuseq naatsorsugaq Northing: Easting: UTM Zone: V 22 Qatsissuseq Sumiiffiup nalunaarsuutaa Katersuiffiup sumiissusaa Assit 36 m Red arrow painted at the cliffs Distance from marking: 1.5 m Width of stream: Distance from stream bank: 0.5 m Depth of stream: 0.75 m Depth of sampling (beneath water level): 0.3 m Silaannarmit assilisaq Kissassuseq: 8.8 o C ph seernassuseq: Stream: 6.83 Sample Puiaasaq nr.: Silap pissusaa katersinerup nalaani Oqaaseqaatit ST14 Partly cloudy, dry, 5 o C Sample taken in stream between the two lakes.

125 Imermik katersuiffik - piffik 15 Tatsimut kuuffik Piffik nr. St. 15 Date and time: :00 Sumiissuseq siunnersuut Northing Easting Zone Sumiissuseq naatsorsugaq Northing: Easting: Qatsissuseq Zone: UTM V m Sumiiffiup nalunaarsuutaa None Katersuiffiup sumiissusaa Assit Distance from marking: No marking Width of stream: 2.5 m Distance from bank: 1 m Depth of stream: 0.4 m Depth of sampling (beneath water level): 0.2 m Silaannarmit assilisaq Kissassuseq: 7.5 o C ph seernassuseq: Stream: 6.84 Sample Puiaasaq nr.: ST 15 Silap pissusaa katersinerup nalaani Oqaaseqaatit Aqqat aallaqqaataat Partly cloudy, dry, 5 o C Sample taken 20 m upstream inlet to lake. JAF

126 Imermik katersuffik - piffik 16 Tatsimit kuuffik Piffik nr. St. 16 Date and time: :25 Sumiissuseq siunnersuut Northing Easting Zone Sumiissuseq naatsorsugaq Qatsissuseq Sumiiffiup nalunaarsuutaa Katersuiffiup sumiissusaa Assit Northing: Easting: Zone: UTM V m None Distance from marking: No marking Lake Distance from bank: 1.5 m Depth: 0.4 m Depth of sampling (beneath water level): 0.2 m Silaannarmit assilisaq Kissassuseq: ph seernassuseq: Lake: 6.86 Sample Puiaasaq nr.: ST 16 Silap pissusaa katersinerup nalaani Oqaaseqaatit Aqqat aallaqqaataat Partly cloudy, dry, 5 o C Sample taken in outlet from lake JAF

127 Imermik katersuiffik - piffik 17 Tasertaq avannarleq, taseq Lake Katrina, kissassutsip nikiffiata qulaani Piffik nr. St. 17 Date and time: :30 Sumiissuseq siunnersuut Northing Easting Zone Sumiissuseq naatsorsugaq Northing: Easting : Zone: UTM V 22 Qatsissuseq Sumiiffiup nalunaarsuutaa Katersuiffiup sumiissusaa Assit 230 m None Distance from marking: No marking Sample taken from boat on the lake (small basin) Distance from bank: 100 m Depth: 35 m Depth of sampling: 4 m, 8 m, 12 m Silaannarmit assilisaq Kissassuseq: see profile ph seernassuseq: Lake Sample Puiaasaq nr.: Silap pissusaa katersinerup nalaani Oqaaseqaatit ST 17 OSL Cloudy, strong wind, light rain, 5 o C Sample mixed from 4 m, 8 m and 12 m below the surface

128 Imermik katersuiffik - piffik 17 Tasertaq avannarleq, taseq Lake Katrina, kissassutsip nikiffiata ataani Piffik nr. St. 17 Date and time: :30 Sumiissuseq siunnersuut Northing Easting Zone Sumiissuseq naatsorsugaq Northing: Easting : Zone: UTM V 22 Qatsissuseq Sumiiffiup nalunaarsuutaa Katersuiffiup sumiissusaa Assit 230 m None Distance from marking: No marking Sample taken from boat on the lake (small basin) Distance from bank: 100 m Depth: 35 m Depth of sampling: 22 m and 28 m Silaannarmit assilisaq Kissassuseq: see profile ph seernassuseq: Lake Sample Puiaasaq nr.: Silap pissusaa katersinerup nalaani Oqaaseqaatit ST 17 USL Cloudy, strong wind, light rain, 5 o C Sample mixed from 22 m and 28 m below the surface of

129 Imermik katersuiffik - piffik 18 Tasertaq kujalleq, taseq Lake Katrina, kissassutsip nikiffiata qulaani Piffik nr. St. 18 Date and time: :30 Sumiissuseq siunnersuut Northing Easting Sumiissuseq naatsorsugaq Qatsissuseq Sumiiffiup nalunaarsuutaa Katersuiffiup sumiissusaa Assit Zone Northing: Easting: Zone: UTM V m None Distance from marking: No marking Sample taken from boat on the lake (large basin) Distance from bank: 50 m Depth: 45 m Depth of sampling (beneath water level): 4 m, 8 m, 12 m Silaannarmit assilisaq Kissassuseq: See profile ph seernassuseq: Lake Sample Puiaasaq nr.: Silap pissusaa katersinerup nalaani Oqaaseqaatit ST 18 OSL Cloudy, strong wind, snow/rain, 1 o C Sample mixed from 4 m, 8 m and 12 m below the surface of the large basin of lake (all three above the thermo cline)

130 Water sample station 18 Southern basin, Lake Katrina, below the thermocline Location no. ST 18 Date and time: :30 Coordinates suggested Coordinates measured Altitude Markings at location Position of sampling Photo Northing Zone Easting Northing: Easting: Zone: UTM V m None Distance from marking: No marking Sample taken from boat on the lake (large basin) Distance from bank: 50 m Depth: 45 m Depth of sampling (beneath water level): 25 m and 35 m Airphoto Temperature see profile ph Lake Sample Bottle no. Weather Remarks Initials ST 18 USL Cloudy, strong wind, snow/rain, 1 o C Sample mixed from 25 m and 35 m below the surface of the southern (large) basin of L. Katrina. OG, JAF

131 Description, Water samples 19 Small stream, 50 m upstream the outlet to fjord Location no. ST Date and time: :40 Coordinates suggested Northing Easting Zone Coordinates measured Northing: Easting: Altitude Markings at location Position of sampling Photo Zone: UTM V 22 4 m None Distance from marking: Width of stream: 1-3 m Distance from stream bank: 1 m Depth of stream: m Depth of sampling (beneath water level): 0.2 Airphoto Temperature 1.3 o C ph Stream: 7.33 Sample Bottle no. ST Weather Sunny, no clouds, Remarks Initials OG, JAF

132 Description, Water samples 20 Stream, 30 m upstream outlet to the fjord Location no. ST20 Date and time: :00 Coordinates suggested Northing Easting Zone Coordinates measured Northing: Easting: Zone: UTM V 22 Altitude Markings at location Position of sampling Photo 2 m None Distance from marking: Width of stream: 2-5 m Distance from stream bank: 0.5 m Depth of stream: m Depth of sampling (beneath water level): 0.2 Airphoto None Temperature 1.3 o C ph Stream: 7.46 Bottle no. ST 20 Weather Sunny, no clouds, Remarks Initials OG, JAF

133 APPENDIX 2A AN ARCHAEOLOGICAL SURVEY IN TASIUSAA AREA (ENGLISH) True North Gems Inc.

134 An Archaeological Survey in Tasiusaa Area Performed in the Autumn of Report prepared for True North Gems - November 2010 by Pauline K. Knudsen (ed.) with contributions from Bo Albrechtsen and Hans Christian Lennert Nunatta Katersugaasivia Allagateqaarfiallu Greenland National Museum and Archives

135 Report on Archaeological Survey conducted for True North Gems in the Tasiusaa area September 2010 Contents Introduction 2 Historic Background 2 The Survey 2 Summary of Structures 2 Mapped Sites 3 Conclusion and Recommendations 7 Map of Area 8 List of Photos 9 1

136 Introduction During the period of September 2010 Greenland National Museum and Archives (NKA) did an archaeological survey by the Appaluttoq ruby occurence area of interest on request from True North Gems (TNG). According to the Greenland Conservation Act of May 19th 2010 NKA must be involved in the planning phase for exploitaion of resources in Greenland ( 11 subsection two). As the area af interest was unknown regarding to cultural heritage sites NKA recommended an archaeological survey. The 17 listed cultural heritage sites mapped on the survey, all relating to the Inuit and their descendants were not known to the heritage authorities earlier and it is the assessment that conflicts with planned mining in the area can be avoided. Historic background This area of the country were for the first time inhabited by the Saqqaq Culture in the period of BC, the second habitation phase from 500 BC 200 AD was by the Greenlandic Dorset. Remains from those two Stone Age cultures are not as visible in the landscape as the later inhabitants of the area, as their structures are not as substantial. The Norse People (Vikings) lived in the area from 1000 to 1450 AD and the Inuit (The Thule Culture) AD. The population, living in the area today, is the descendants of the Inuit mixed with Europeans. No heritage sites from the Stone Age Cultures are mapped in the area. The closest Norse site is situated at the bottom of the next fjord North to Tasiussaa. The nearest settlement to Tasiusaa area is Qeqertarsuatsiaat only 15 km away. People using the area in the more recent times (e.g. the last 100 years) for hunting and fishing probably did not need to camp in the area as they could relatively easily reach back home in the evening. The mapped sites are mainly regarded to originate from the time before the colonial settlement at Qeqertarsuatsiaat and the Moravian mission at Akunnaat established in 1754 and 1758 respectively. This does not mean that the structures were not used later on. Especially the fox traps might have been in use way up in the last century. Most of the cultural heritage structures were probably mainly used on caribou hunting and fishing activities. The survey The survey team from NKA was: Pauline K. Knudsen, archaeologist; Bo Albrechtsen, anthropologist and the graduate student Hans Kristian Lennert. The team left Nuuk in a chartered boat on a sunny Monday September 13 th and established a camp at the Southern shore of the narrow entrance to Tasiusaa. Tuesday through Thursday was used for pedestrian surveys on the land areas and a survey from a zodiac along the SSW coast of Tasiusaa. The steep areas and the mountain between Tasiusaa and Lake Katarina were not surveyed. Except from rain on Thursday all days were nice and sunny. According to the plans the time estimated for the survey was sufficient and the chartered boat picked up the team on Friday afternoon and reached Nuuk in the evening. Summary of finds Following structures were found on 19 different sites: Tent rings 10 shelters 1 hunter s beds 1 graves 1 cairn systems 5 shootings blinds 1 2

137 single cairns 2 fox traps 4 Total of structures 26 Mapped sites FM 63V2-III-27: Three tent rings (A-C) and a cairn (D). The site is situated by the coast just north to the river. The area has low vegetation of heather and grass. All the stones in the tent rings lays deep in the vegetation. A, tent ring: Round structure with a diameter of approximately 3-4 metres. The stones are placed with some space in between and are head sized and smaller. B, tent ring: The rectangular structure situated 20 metres W of A has the dimensions: Approx 2.5 by 3 metres. C, tent ring: The structure situated 32 metres N of A has the dimensions: Approx. 3.5 by 5 metres. D, cairn: The pile situated aproximately 25 metres SSW of B consists of one more than head sized stone one put upon a boulder and a smaller one at the top. The cairn is placed where the landscape starts to rise. All the structures can be related to Inuit s use and are probably from the same time period from before introduction of the rifle, eg. between AD as it seems likely that they are coneccted to the drive hunting systems to the W of the site. Drive hunting of caribous went out of use during the second half of the 18th century. Position: N 63⁰02'09.1" / W 050⁰19'37.7" FM 63V2-III-28: Part of drivehuntingsystem NNW to the river running parallel to it. The row of 16 stone cairns placed along a the SSE edge of a ridge runnging SSW to NNE (parallel to the river). The cairns consisting of one stone placed with some distance in between are head sized or not much larger except from cairns nos: I, L and N which are smaller. Three other cairn systems are recorded by the river (decriptions follow bellow). The systems are probably part of one hunting drive for caribous taking advantage of the river and the boulder fields in the riverbed. The system is probably connected to tent site no. FM 63V2-III-27 Position of cairns in the drive hunting system: A B C D E F G H N 63⁰02'05.7" / W 050⁰20'07.9" N 63⁰02'05.6" / W 050⁰20'08.6" N 63⁰02'05.7" / W 050⁰20'08.8" N 63⁰02'05.6" / W 050⁰20'09.2" N 63⁰02'05.4" / W 050⁰20'10.7" N 63⁰02'05.3" / W 050⁰20'12.0" N 63⁰02'05.3" / W 050⁰20'12.1" N 63⁰02'05.4" / W 050⁰20'13.0" I N 63⁰02'05.4" / W 050⁰20'03.4" J N 63⁰02'05.4" / W 050⁰20'10.9" K N 63⁰02'05.3" / W 050⁰20'11.4" L N 63⁰02'05.2" / W 050⁰ " M N 63⁰02'05.3" / W 050⁰20'14.4" N N 63⁰02'04.7" / W 050⁰20'15.2" O N 63⁰02'04.8" / W 050⁰20'16.4" P N 63⁰02'01.2" / W 050⁰20'34.8 " 3

138 FM 63V2-III-28: Part of drive hunting system for caribous running parallel to the river just north to the camp area. FM 63V2-III-29: Recent tent ring. Position: N 63⁰01'56.7" / W050⁰20 '15.9". Not listed as cultural heritage. FM 63V2-III-30: Recent tent ring. Position: 63⁰01'55.3 " / W050⁰20'16.8 ". Not listed as cultural heritage. FM 63V2-III-31: Two cultural remains probably tent rings (A and B). Both the oval rings are of head sized to smaller stones placed along the edge of protruding bedrocks in a vegetated area. It is hard to tell the date of the structures, but judged from the lichens on the stones they kan be more than 100 years old and if they are related to the shooting blind (FM 63V2-III-22) at some distance to SW of the site they might be from the 18th century. Position: N 63⁰ / W 050⁰ FM 63V2-III-32: Shooting blind SE of the tent rings FM 63V2-III-31 on a rised rock outcrop. The blind is made of a three more than head sized stones arranged in a semicircle of. Lenght: Approx: 1.5 m. Two stones next to the blind can be intrepreted as another blind, in that case they are put togehter with a little space inbetween. Position: N 63⁰01 14,3 / W 050⁰19,49.4 FM 63V2-III-33: Small cairn of several stones built on top of a big boulder. The cairn is situated on the descent to the valley on the E side to the river. Position: N 63⁰ / W 050⁰

139 FM 63V2-III-34: Three tent rings (A-C) positioned close to the beach on the SE shore of the small peninsula making the NE part of the narrow passage into Tasiusaa. All three rings are imbeded in the low vegetation of heather, grass and lichens A, tent ring: Clear round ring of stones placed with some space inbetween. Diameter: Approx. 2.5 metres. B, tent ring: The ring of stones placed with some space in between and which is rectangular is situated just to the E of A and is rather big. Dimentions: Approx 6 by 2.5 metres. C, tent ring: The structure is somewhat unclear but seems to be an oval ring of stones with somespace in between the stones. Dimensions: Approx. 3 by 2 metres. As a grave (FM 63V2- III-35) were found NE of the site the structures on the site are probably from the precolonial time e.g. from the Thule Culture period. Position: N 63⁰01'51.1" / W 050⁰16'04.2" FM 63V2-III-35: Grave situated NE of the tent site (FM 63V2-III-34). The grave is situated just below a slope where heaps of stone slabs are to be found. One of the heaps is for sure a grave as a human hipbone was discernable inside it. Some of the the heaps of stones in the imediate surroundings may be graves as well but it was not possible to see into them. Dimensions: Approx. 2 by 1.5 metres. Position: N 63⁰01'53.8" / W 050⁰16'03.7" FM 63V2-III-36: Foxtrap. The structure is situated near the tip of the headland and consists of two foxtraps buildt of stones into one structure. The entrances face N. Dimensions: Approx. 1.5 by 1.6 metres. Position: N 63⁰01'46.9" / W 050⁰16'14.2" FM 63V2-III-37: Foxtrap situated near the tip of the headland a while NE to FM 63V2-III-36. Trap entrance is facing to S. Dimensions: Approx. 1.2 by 1.5 metres. Position: N 63⁰01'48.0" / W 050⁰16'12.5" FM 63V2-III-38: Shelter on a shelf in clif on the western slope of the peninsula. An almost right angled wall is buildt of stones in three to five courses to make the NV and SV sides of the shelter, the clif makes the opposite walls. On a small shelf in the clif making the back wall a hearth is made of two stone placed with approx. 40 cm space in between and covered with a big slab. The floor of the structure is covered with rather high grass and a fern agains the back wall. On the outside the stone wall is partly covered with heather, grass and lichens. The structure probably is more than 50 years old and even much older. Dimensions: Approx. 2 by 2 metres. High of the wall: Approx cm. Position: N 63⁰01'56.4"/ W 050⁰16'16.0" FM 63V2-III-39: Hunter s bed built as circle from head sized and bigger stones by the fiord coast. Some of the stones are imbeded in the low vegetation of heather and grass. Diameter: Approx. 2 m. Position: N 63⁰01'57.4"/ W 050⁰16'27.2" 5

140 FM 63V2-III-38: Shelter built under a clif overhang FM 63V2-III-40: Part of a hunting drive for caribous. The system is situated along the river on the SE bank. The drive consist of 8 head sized or smaller stones placed on the clif and some bolders. Position: N 63⁰01'59.8" / W 050⁰20'06.2"Position of the cairns making part of a drive: A B C D E F G H N 63⁰01'59.8" / W050⁰20'06.2" N 63⁰01'59.5" / W050⁰20'06.3" N 63⁰01'59.6" / W050⁰20'06.8" N 63⁰01'59.1" / W050⁰20'07.8" N 63⁰01'59.0" / W050⁰20'08.2" N 63⁰01'59.0" / W050⁰20'08.4" N 63⁰01'58.6" / W050⁰20'08.8" N 63⁰01'58.6" / W050⁰20'09.3" FM 63V2-III-41: Two single stone cairns put on the ridge of a rock outcrop and probably part of the hunting drive along the river. The stones are head sized and have a distance of 6-7 metres between them. Position: N 63⁰02'06.7" / W 050⁰19'48.6" FM 63V2-III-42: Part of a hunting drive of cairn systems. 4 to 5 cairns positioned on the top of a rock outcrop and probably part of the hunting drive along the river. Position: N 63⁰02'03.6" / W 050⁰19'45.6" 6

141 FM 63V2-III-43: Part of hunting drive consisting of two single stone cairns situated on each of their own rock outcrop. Probably part of the hunting drive along the river Position: N 63⁰02'02.5"/ W 050⁰19'45.4" FM 63V2-III-44: Foxtrap situated on the head of a promontory on the S bank of the narrow passage into Tasiusaa. Position: N 63⁰01'44.9"/ W 050⁰16'17.7" FM 63V2-III-45: Foxtrap positioned by the cost to the SE to a small creek. Position: N 63⁰01'40.0"/ W 050⁰16'01.6" Conclusion and recommendations The observations made by the archaeological team on the short stay tell of an area with resources for hunting caribou, fishing arctic char and collecting berries. On that background the finds of cultural heritage sites were not surprising, but expected. Because of the nature of the heritage remains which are all made from natural occurring materials in the immediate surroundings some heritage structures are difficult to discern in the landscape. The lush vegetation in the area probably also hide some structures especially remains from the Stone Age Cultures that are almost impossible to find in the area. In the region only a single site from the Norse settlement have been mapped and it is not likely that any Norse sites have been missed in the area if interest as they are usually quit visible in the landscape. The two recent tent rings FM 63V2-III-29 and FM 63V2-III-30 are not regarded as heritage sites. The best solution for True North Gems, if plans on mining in the area are to be realized, will be to avoid sites with cultural remains. The Greenland conservation act put a limit on 20 metres around the archaeological structures for preservation ( 6). But if a conflict with heritage sites cannot be avoided negotiations between TNG and NKA probably can provide a solution that is acceptable for both parts, as none of the heritage sites found are unique. Pauline K. Knudsen November 1 st

142 Map of area of archaeological investigations with recorded cultural heritage sites 8

143 List of photos N0. Date Hour Cultural Motive From Camera heritage no. direction :31 Entrance to Tasiusaarsua Canon :01 Entrance to Tasiusaa Canon :07 Tasiusaa Canon :52 63V2-III-27 A Tent ring SE Canon :02 63V2-III-27 B Tent ring SE Canon :09 63V2-III-27 D Cairn SE Canon :12 63V2-III-27 C Tent ring E Canon :26 63V2-III-27 Area with tent rings W Canon :29 Camp N Canon :10 63V2-III-28 A Cairn S Canon :15 63V2-III-28 B Cairn S Canon :17 63V2-III-28 C Cairn S Canon :19 63V2-III-28 D Cairn SE Canon :21 63V2-III-28 E Cairn S Canon :23 63V2-III-28 F Cairn SE Canon :24 63V2-III-28 G Cairn S Canon :26 63V2-III-28 H Cairn S Canon :32 63V2-III-28 Cairn system SE Canon :43 63V2-III-28 I Cairn S Canon :53 63V2-III-28 J Cairn S Canon :55 63V2-III-28 K Cairn SE Canon :58 63V2-III-28 L Cairn NE Canon :10 lunch by the river Canon :05 63V2-III-28 Ridge with cairns W Canon :10 63V2-III-28 M Cairn N Canon :12 63V2-III-28 N Cairn NW Canon :14 63V2-III-28 O Cairn N Canon :25 63V2-III-28 P Cairn S Canon :51 63V2-III-31 Tent rings? W Canon :52 63V2-III-31 Tent rings? NE Canon :06 63V2-III-32 Shooting blind NE Canon :07 63V2-III-32 Possible shooting blind SW Canon :08 63V2-III-32 Shooting blind SW Canon :22 Aappaluttoq Canon :22 Aappaluttoq Canon :22 Aappaluttoq Canon :43 Aappaluttoq Canon :44 Aappaluttoq Canon :44 Aappaluttoq Canon :50 Aappaluttoq Canon :50 Scree on mountain side Canon :10 63V2-III-33 Cairn of several stones SW Canon :16 63V2-III-34 C Tent ring S Canon :18 63V2-III-34 B Tent ring W Canon :19 63V2-III-34 A Tent ring W Canon :33 63V2-III-35 Grave NNW Canon :17 63V2-III-36 Double fox trap N Canon 9

144 No. Date Hour Cultural Motive From Camera heritage no. direction :20 63V2-III-37 Fox trap S Canon :22 Berries Canon :25 63V2-III-36 Double fox trap NV Canon :54 63V2-III-38 Shelter NW Canon :55 63V2-III-38 Shelter NE Canon :56 63V2-III-38 Shelter E Canon :06 63V2-III-39 Hunter's bed W Canon :07 63V2-III-39 Hunter's bed SW Canon :10 63V2-III-40 A Part of hunting drive NNW Canon :12 63V2-III-40 B Part of hunting drive NNW Canon :14 63V2-III-40 C Part of hunting drive N Canon :16 63V2-III-40 D Part of hunting drive N Canon :17 63V2-III-40 E Part of hunting drive N Canon :19 63V2-III-40 F Part of hunting drive E Canon :21 63V2-III-40 G Part of hunting drive N Canon :22 63V2-III-40 H Part of hunting drive NE Canon :30 63V2-III-28 Hunting drive S Canon :40 63V2-III-41 Part of hunting drive SSE Canon :16 63V2-III-42 Hunting drive N Canon :56 63V2-III-43 A Part of hunting drive Canon :57 63V2-III-43 B Part of hunting drive Canon :06 63V2-III-44 Fox trap Canon :19 63V2-III-45 Fox trap Canon :29 63V2-III-29 Recent tent ring :38 63V2-III-30 Recent tent ring 10

145 APPENDIX 2B TASIUSAAMI EQQAANILU 2010-MI UKIAKKUT KULTURIKKUT ERIAGISASSANIK (KALAALLISUT) True North Gems Inc.

146 Tasiusaami eqqaanilu mi ukiakkut kulturikkut eriagisassanik nalunaarsuineq - True North Gem- imut nalunaarusiaq - November 2010 Suliarinnittoq Pauline K. Knudsen Ilassuteqartuullutik Bo Albrechtsen aamma Hans- Kristian Lennert Nunatta Katersugaasivia Allagaateqarfialu

147 True North Gems sullillugu Tasiusaap eqqaani kulturikkut eriagisassanik septembariimi mi nalunaasuinermik nalunaarusiaq. Imai Aallarniut Oqaluttuarisaanikkut tunuliaqutaasoq Nalunaarsuineq Nalunaarsukkanik eqikkaaneq Nalunaarsukkat Inerniliineq innersuussutillu Misissuiffimmi nunap assinga Assilisat nalunaarsorneri Saqqaata assitaa: FM 63V2- III- 36, pullatit malloqiusat. 2

148 Aallarniut Piffissami September 2010 Nunatta Katersugaasivia Allagaateqarfialu (NKA) Rubiinisiorfissatut soqutigineqartumi kulturikkut eriagisassanik nalunaarsuivoq True North Gems- imit (TNG) piumaffigineqarneq naapertorlugu. Inatsisartut inatsisaat nr. 11, 19. maj meersoq malillugu NKA, nunap piinik atuinissamut pilersaarusiornermi, akulerutsinneqartassaaq ( 11 imm. 2) Rubinisiorfissatut soqutigineqartoq, siornatigut itsarnisarsiuunik misissuiffigineqarsimanngimmat NKA- mit kulturikkut eriagisassanik nalunaarsuivigineqarnissaa innersuussutigineqarpoq. Nalunaarsuinermi kulturikkut eriagisassatut nalunaarsorneqartut 17- iusut, tamarmik Inunnit kinguaavinillu (Kalaallinit) pilersinneqarsimasut kulturikkut eriagisassanut oqartussanit aatsaat ilisimaneqalerput. Rubinisiorfissami kulturikkut eriagisassat nalunaarsukkat akornusernagit rubininik piiaanissaq ingerlanneqarsinnaasoq nalilerneqarpoq. Oqaluttuarisaanikkut tunuliaqutaq Nunap ilaa manna siullerpaamik inunnik najorneqarpoq piffissami Kr. in. sioqqullugu. Inuit siulliit kulturiat Saqqaq kulturimik taaguuteqartinneqarpoq. Nunasisut tullii tassaapput Nunatsinni Dorset kulturi piffissami 500 Kr. in. sioq. 200 Kr. in kingorna tamaani inuusimasut. Kulturit siuliit taakku ujaraannarnik sakkartuusimasut kulturinut kingusinnerusunut naleqqiullugit nunami takussutissartaat nassaariuminaapput ineqarfikuisa malunnaataat kinguliinnut naleqqiullugit ersarissuunngimmata. Qallunaatsiaat tamaani najugaqarsimapput ukiut Kr. in. king. Inuit (Thule- kulturimit taaguteqartinneartut) Kr. in. king. tamaani najugaqarsimapput. Massakkut tamaani najugaqartut kalaallit inuit kinguaarivaat europamiunik akusaasut. Nalunaarsuinermi uani tamaani kulturikkut eriagisassanik ujaraannarnik sakkoqarallarnerup nalaaneersunik nassaartoqanngilaq. Tamaanilu Qallunaatsiaqarfik qaninnerpaaq Tasiusaata avannamut kangerluup tulliata qinnguani inissisimavoq. Nunaqarfik Tasiussaanut qaninnerpaaq, Qeqertarsuatsiaat, 15 km- nik ungasitsigaaq. Ukiuni kingullerni 100- ni inuit nunamik atuisut aalisarnikkut piniarnikkullu inuussutissarsiutillit tamaani najugaqarnissartik pisariaqartissimanngunanngilaat ulluinnarlugu angerlanut apuussinnaasaramik. Tamaani kulturikkut eriagisassat nalunaarsorneqartut tassaanerugunarput siulitsinnit innunnit pisut. Tassa niuertoqarfiup Qeqertarsuatsiaap aammalu Noorliit ajoqersuiartortitaqarfiata Akunnaap imi imilu tunngavilerneqarnerisa soqqullugit nunamik atuisimasunit pisut. Ilimagineqarsinnaavorli kulturikkut eriagisaassat ilaat piffissaq ungasinngitsoq tikillugu atugaasarsimassasut, pingaartumik teriannissanut pullatit kut tikillugit atorneqartarsimasinnaallutik. Kulturikkut eriagisassatut nalunaarsukkat aavarnermi aalisarnermilu annerusumik atorneqarnerusarsimagunarput. Nalunaarsuineq Nalunaarsuinermi peqataapput NKA- mit: Pauline K. Knudsen, Itsarnisarsiooq; Bo Albrechtsen, antropologi (inuiannik ileqquinillu ilisimatooq) aammalu Hans- Kristian Lennert, Ilisimatusarfimmi ilinniartoq. Nalunaarsuiartortut ataasinngornermi silagissuup ataani Nuumminngaanniik angallammik attartukkamut ilaallutik septemberip 13- iani aallarput. Tasiusaatalu qinnguata tungata qoornuata kujataani tupeqarfissillutik. Marlunngornermiit sisamanngornermut nunakkut pisulluni gummibåd- imillu sinersorluni nalunaarsuineq ingerlanneqarpoq. Tasiusaata kujammut kimmut sineriaa misissuvigineqarpoq. Sivinganertat qaqqarlu Tasiusaata Lake Katrinallu akornaniittoq misissuivigineqanngillat. Sisamanngornermi siallernera eqqaassanngikkaanni silagippoq seqinnerlunilu. 3

149 Piffissaq nalunaarsuinermut pilersaarutigineqarsimasoq naammassimavoq tallimanngornermilu ualikkut pilersaarutaasutut nalunaarsuiartortut angallammik aaneqarput unnukkullu Nuummut angerlamut apuullutik. Nalunaarsukkanik eqikkaaneq Nalunaarsukkat sumiiffinni assigiinngituni 19- iniittut ukuupput: Tuperfikut Qangattaq Sinittarriafik Iliveq Ungooriviit Talut Inussuit Teriannissanut pullatit Nassaat tamakkerlugit Nalunaarsukkat FM 63V2- III- 27: Tupeqarfikut pingasut (A- C) ungoorivillu (D). Tupeqarfik sinerissap kuullu avannaata tungaanut qanittuanni inissisimavoq. Tupeqarfik paarnaqutinik ivikkanillu pukkitsunik naaffigineqarsimavoq. Toqqup perui tamarmik nunamut morsoqqapput. A, tupeqarfikoq: Ammalortumik iluseqarpoq 3-4 missaani diametereqarluni. Ujaqqatakuttulaartumik ilioragaapput, niaqqutut angissuseqarput ilai minnerulaarlutik. B, tupeqarfikoq: Issoqqaarissutut ilusilik, A- miit 20 meteritut ungasitsigisumi kimmut inissisimalluni. Angissusaa: 2.5 x 3 m. miss. C, tupeqarfikoq: A- miit 32meterinik avannarpasinnerulluni inissisimavoq. Angissusaa: 3.5 x 5 m. miss. D, inussuk: B- mit 25 meteritut ungasitsigisumi kujammut kimmut inissisimavoq. Inussuup ilusaa: Ujarak niaqqutut atsigisoq ujaqqap anngajaap qaavanut ilineqarsimavoq taasumalu qaavanut ujaqqamik minnermik ilisisoqarsimalluni. Inussuk qattorngup ataani inissisimavoq. Tupeqarfimmi nalunaarsukkat tamarmik piffissami aallaasinik atuilerfiup siornatigut pisuupput, tassa Kr. in. king. Ungoorivinnut tupeqarfiup kitaatungaaniittunut attuumassuteqartuusimassapput. Tuttunik ungoorineq kut naajartornera tikillugu ingerlanneqartarsimavoq Position: N 63 02'09.1" / W '37.7" FM 63V2- III- 28: Ungooriviup ilaa kuup avannamut kimmut akiani, sammivia peqatigalugu inissisimavoq. Inussuit 16- it qattorngup sinarsua malillugu kujataata kitaaniit avannamut kangimut sammiveqarput.(kuup sinaa malilugu). Inussuit akuttoqatigiissaakannerlugit 4

150 inissinneqarsimasut tassaapput ujaqqat niaqqutut angissusillit kisiannili ungooriviup ujarattai I, L aamma N normulikkat minnerullutik. Ungooriviit allat kuup eqqaani nalunaarsorneqarsimapput (ataani allaaserineqarput). Kuuk sinaanilu qerroqarfik ugoornermi iluaqutiginiarlugit tamaanga inissinneqarsimassapput. Ungoorivik tupeqarfimmut Nr. FM 63V2- III- 27 attuumassuteqarsimannguatsiarpoq. Tuttunut ungooriviup naparutaasa inissisimaffii: A N 63 02'05.7" / W '07.9" B N 63 02'05.6" / W '08.6" C N 63 02'05.7" / W '08.8" D N 63 02'05.6" / W '09.2" E N 63 02'05.4" / W '10.7" F N 63 02'05.3" / W '12.0" G N 63 02'05.3" / W '12.1" H N 63 02'05.4" / W '13.0" I N 63 02'05.4" / W '03.4" J N 63 02'05.4" / W '10.9" K N 63 02'05.3" / W '11.4" L N 63 02'05.2" / W " M N 63 02'05.3" / W '14.4" N N 63 02'04.7" / W '15.2" O N 63 02'04.8" / W '16.4" P N 63 02'01.2" / W '34.8" FM 63V2- III- 28: Tuttunut ungooriviup kuuk sinaa atuarlugu inissisimasup ilamernga. 5

151 FM 63V2- III- 29: Tupeqarfikoq kkunneerunartoq. Eriagisassatut nalilerneqanngilaq. Position: N 63 01'56.7" / W '15.9" FM 63V2- III- 30: Tupeqarfikoq kkunneerunartoq. Eriagisassatut nalinerneqanngilaq. Position: N 63 01'55.3" / W '16.8" FM 63V2- III- 31: Tupeqarfikuusimagunartut marluk. (A aamma B). Taakku tumaasatut iluseqarput ujaqqanik niaqqutut angitigisunik imaluunniit minnernik qaasuup sinaanut ilioragaallutik. Qaarsoq naggorinnersami inissisimavoq. Tupeqarfikut qanoq pisoqaatiginerat aalajangeruminaappoq. Toqqip perorisimasaasa ujaqqat qalipaanik qalipaanik qalippersimanerat aallaavigalugu ukiut 100- ut sinnerlugit pisoqaassuseqarsinnaapput, talunullu (FM 63V2- III- 22) kujammut kimmut ungasinngitsimiitunut, attuumassuteqassappata ukkunneersuunissaat ilimanaateqarsinnaallutik. Position: N 63 01'18.3" / W '04.3" FM 63V2- III- 32: Talut tupeqarfikup FM 63V2- III- 31 kujammut kangiata tungaaniipput qaarsup qaffasissup qaani inissinneqarsimalltik. Talut ujaqqanit niaqqumiit anerusunit pingasunik sanaajupput. Ulamertumik ilusilerugit inissinneqarsimapput. Takissusaat: 1,5 m. miss. Ujaqqqat marluk akunnilerlugit talut ulamertut eqqanguani inissinneqarsimasut aamma tallutut naatsiorsuuttariaqarunarput. Position: N 63 01'14.3" / W " FM 63V2- III- 33: Inussuk mikisoq, ujarassuup qaani ujaqqanit arlalinnit sanaaq. Inussuk qooqqumut ammukariaami, kuup kangiata tungaani inissisimavoq. Position: N 63 01'28.8" / W '40.1 FM 63V2- III- 34: Tupeqarfikut pingasut (A- miit C- mut) sissamut qanittumi inissisimapput Tasiusaamut isaariani nunnguup kujammut kangianiittumi. Tupeqarfikut pingasut nunami paarnaqutinik, ivikkanit orsuaasanillu pukitsumik naaffigineqarsimasumiipput. A, tupeqarfikoq: Ujaqqat ammalortunngorlugit akunneqartilaarlugit inissitaapput. Diameter: 2,5 m. miss. B, tupeqarfikoq: Ujaqqat issoqqaarissunngorlugit, akunnililaarlugit iliorakkat A- p eqqaani kangiata tungaaniipput. Angissusaa: 6 x 2,5 m. miss. C, tupeqarfikoq: Ilusaa ersernerlukujuppoq tumaasatulli iluseqarpasippoq ujaqqanik akunnilersulaakkanit sananeqarsimasoq. Angissusaa: 3 x 2 m. miss. Iliveq (FM 63V2- III- 35), tupeqarfikup avannamut kangiata tungaani nassaarineqartoq naliliinermi ilannunneqarmat, tupeqarfik nunasiaataaneq sioqqullugu Thule- Kultur- ikkunninngaanneersuussangatinneqarpoq. Position: N 63 01'51.1" / W '04.2" FM 63V2- III- 35: Iliveq, avannamut kangimut tupeqarfimmit (FM 63V2- III- 34) ungasinngitsumi inissisimavoq. Iliveq sivingarngup naqqaniippoq ujaqqat saattukujuut akornaniilluni. Ujaqqat qaleriiaat akornini qularisassaanngitsumik inuup siffiaata saarnga takuneqarsinnaavoq. Ujaqqat qaleriiaat akornini allanik iliveqarsinnaavoq ersippoq. Ilerrup angissusaa: 2 x 1,5 m. miss. Position: N 63 01'53.8" / W '03.7" 6

152 FM 63V2- III- 36: Teriannissanut pullatit nuunnguup noorpiaata ungasinngisaani inissisimaput. Pullatit marluk ataatsimoortillugit sananeqarsimapput isaariaat avannamut sammisillugit. Angissusaat: 1.5 X 1,6 m. miss. Position: N 63 01'46.9" / W '14.2" FM 63V2- III- 37: Teriannissanut pullat nuunnguup noorpiaata eqqaani inissisimavoq FM 63V2- III- 36- mik normulikkap avannata kangianut inissisimalluni. Pullatip isaariaa kujammut sammivoq. Angissusaa: 1,2 x 1,5 m. miss. Position: N 63 01'48.0" / W '12.5" FM 63V2- III- 38: Qangattaq nuunnggup kimmut sivinganerani inissisimasoq. Qangattami ujaqqanik qarmakkamik ungalusaliortoqarsimavoq avannamut kimmut aammalu kujammut kimmut sammisumik. Qangattap iigaani killoqarpoq ujaqqanik marlunnik 40 cm akunnilerlugit inissinneqarsimasunik ujaqqamillu saattumik qallerneqarsimasumik. Qangattap naqqa ivikkanik takkajaanik naaffigineqarsimavoq, qaarsuullu sinaa uiffaqarluni. Qangattap silataa paarnaqutinik ivikkanik orsuaasanillu ilaannakortumik naaffigineqarsimavoq. Qangattaq ukiunik 50- init pisoqaanerugunavippoq imaluunniit pisoqaanerujussuulluni. Angissusaa: 2 x 2 m. miss. Iigaata portussusaa: cm miss. Position: N 63 01'56.4" / W '16.0" FM 63V2- III- 38: Qangattaq oqqivittut suliaq. 7

153 FM 63V2- III- 39: Siniffik ammalortunngorlugu ujaqqanik niaqqutut angitigisunik anginerulaartunilluunniit sanaaq. Sissammut qanittumiippoq. Ujaqqat ilaat paarnaqutit ivikkanilu akornanni morsusimangajapput. Diameter: 2 m. miss. Position: N 63 01'57.4" / W 050 6'27.2" FM 63V2- III- 40: Tuttunik ungooriviup ilamernga. Ungoorivik kuup kujammut kangimut sinaani inissisimavoq. Ungoorivik ujaqqanik arfineq pingasunik niaqqutut angitigisunik minnerusunilluunniit qaarsumut ujarassuilluunniit qaavinut ilioqqakkanik inussuttaqarpoq. Position: N 63 01'59.8"/ W '06.2" Ungooriviup inussutaasa inissisimavii: A B C D E F G H N 63 01'59.8" / W050 20'06.2" N 63 01'59.5" / W050 20'06.3" N 63 01'59.6" / W050 20'06.8" N 63 01'59.1" / W050 20'07.8" N 63 01'59.0" / W050 20'08.2" N 63 01'59.0" / W050 20'08.4" N 63 01'58.6" / W050 20'08.8" N 63 01'58.6" / W050 20'09.3" FM 63V2- III- 41: Inussuit marluk immikkoorlutik qattorngup qaaniipput. Ungooriviit kuup sinaaniittunut ilaannissaat ilimanaateqarluinnarpoq. Ujaqqat niaqqutut angissusillit 6-7 meterinik akunnilerlugit inissinneqarsimapput. Position: N 63 02'06.7" / W '48.6" FM 63V2- III- 42: Tuttunik ungooriviup ilamernga. inussuit 4 5 qaarsummut inissinneqarsimapput. Qularnanngitsumik ungoorivinnut kuup sinaaniittunut ilaapput. Position: N 63 02'03.6" / W '45.6" FM 63V2- III- 43: Ungooriviup ilamerngi, ujaqqat marluk tamarmik qaarsuup qaavinut immikkoortunut inissitat. Ungoorivinnut allanut kuup sinaaniittunut qularnanngitsumik attussuteqarput. Position: N 63 02'02.5" / W '45.4" FM 63V2- III- 44: Teriannissanut pullatit Tasiusaamut isaariami sineriammi kujuallermi inissisimavoq. Position: N 63 01'44.9" / W '17.7" FM 63V2- III- 45: Teriannissanut pullat Tasiusaap isaariaata sinaani kuunnguup kujammut kangiani inissisimasoq. Position: N 63 01'40.0" / W '01.6 " 8

154 Inerniliineq innersuussutillu Kulturikkut eriagisassanik nalunaarsuineq nunami piffissami sivikittumi ingerlanneqaraluartoq paasinarpoq nuna misissuivigineqartoq uumassusilinnik pissuusuteqartuusoq. Soorlu makkuninnga: Tuttut, eqaluit paarnallu. Taamaattumik nalunaarsuinermi nassaarineqartut tupaallannartortaqanngillat, naatsorsuutigineqareersimallutillu. Kulturikkut eriagisassat tamaani avatangiisinit qanittunik pinngortitamit pisunit sanaajunerat pissutigalugu eriagisassat avatangiisiminnit immikkoortikkuminaassinnaaput taamaattumillu takujuminaassinnaallutik. Misissuivimmi nuna naggorissuuvoq taamaattumillu itsarnitsanik pingaartumik ujaraannarnik sakkoqarnerup nalaaneersunik nassaarsinnaaneq ajornakusoortupilussuuvoq. Misisuivigineqartup qanigisaani qaallunaatsiaqarfikumik ataatsimik nalunaarsoriikkamik peqarpoq, nutaauillu nassaartoqaqqinnissaa ilimanaateqanngilaq qallunaatsiqarfikuusimasut nunami ersarikkajummata. Nalunaarsuilluni misissuinermi tupeqarfikut nutaanerusut marluk FM 63V2- III- 29 aamma FM 63V2- III- 30 naammattoorneqartut nutarfasinneri pissutigalugu eriagisassatut naatsorsuunneqanngillat. Tamaani ujaqqanik pinnersaatissanik piiaasoqalissappat pitsaanerpaassaaq eriagisassat ajoqusernagit piianissamut pisariaqartinneqartut suliarineqarsinnaappata. Inatsisartut inatsisaat malillugu ( 6) qangarniitsat eriagisassat imaaliallaannarlugit peerneqarsinnaanngitsut 20 meterimit qaninnerusumik sanaartortoqaqqusaangilaq. Pilersaarutit itsarnitsanik eriagisassanik innarliinani piviusunngortinneqarsinnaanngippata TNG aamma NKA akornanni tamanut naammaginartumik aaqqiissutaasinnaasumik isumaqatigiittoqarsinaanissaa periarfissaqarsinaaneratut nalinerneqarpoq, tassami eriagisassatut nalunaarsorneqartut immikkuullarissuunngimmata. Pauline K. Knudsen 1. novemberi

155 Nunap nalunaarsuilluni misissuivigineqartup assinga. Kulturikkut eriagisassat nalunaarsukkat toornernik aappaluttumik nalunaaqqapput. nnnanalunaaqqapput. 10

156 Assilisat nalunaarsorneri Nr. Ulloq Nal. Eriagisassap nr. Suussusaa Samm. ass. Assiliivik :31 Tasiusaarsuamut isaariaa Canon :01 Tasiusaata isaariaa Canon :07 Tasiusaa Canon :52 63V2- III- 27 A Tupeqarfikoq SE Canon :02 63V2- III- 27 B Tupeqarfikoq SE Canon :09 63V2- III- 27 D Ungoorivimmi inussuk SE Canon :12 63V2- III- 27 C Tupeqarfikoq E Canon :26 63V2- III- 27 Nuna tupeqarfikoq W Canon :29 TNG- mi sulisut najugaqarfii N Canon :10 63V2- III- 28 A Ungoorivimmi inussuk S Canon :15 63V2- III- 28 B Ungoorivimmi inussuk S Canon :17 63V2- III- 28 C Ungoorivimmi inussuk S Canon :19 63V2- III- 28 D Ungoorivimmi inussuk SE Canon :21 63V2- III- 28 E Ungoorivimmi inussuk S Canon :23 63V2- III- 28 F Ungoorivimmi inussuk SE Canon :24 63V2- III- 28 G Ungoorivimmi inussuk S Canon :26 63V2- III- 28 H Ungoorivimmi inussuk S Canon :32 63V2- III- 28 Ungoorivimmi inussuk SE Canon :43 63V2- III- 28 I Ungoorivimmi inussuk S Canon :53 63V2- III- 28 J Ungoorivimmi inussuk S Canon :55 63V2- III- 28 K Ungoorivimmi inussuk SE Canon :58 63V2- III- 28 L Ungoorivimmi inussuk NE Canon :10 Kuup sinaani nerisut Canon :05 63V2- III- 28 Ungooriviit W Canon :10 63V2- III- 28 M Ungoorivimmi inussuk N Canon :12 63V2- III- 28 N Ungoorivimmi inussuk NW Canon :14 63V2- III- 28 O Ungoorivimmi inussuk N Canon :25 63V2- III- 28 P Ungooriviup ujarattaa S Canon :51 63V2- III- 31 Tupeqarfikoq? W Canon :52 63V2- III- 31 Tupeqarfikoq? NE Canon :06 63V2- III- 32 Talu NE Canon :07 63V2- III- 32 Taluugunartoq SW Canon :08 63V2- III- 32 Talu SW Canon :22 Aappaluttoq Canon :22 Aappaluttoq Canon :22 Aappaluttoq Canon :43 Aappaluttoq Canon :44 Aappaluttoq Canon :44 Aappaluttoq Canon :50 Aappaluttoq Canon :50 Qaqqami qerrut Canon :10 63V2- III- 33 Inussuk SW Canon :16 63V2- III- 34 C Tupeqarfikoq S Canon :18 63V2- III- 34 B Tupeqarfikoq W Canon :19 63V2- III- 34 A Tupeqarfikoq W Canon :33 63V2- III- 35 Iliveq NNW Canon 11

157 Nr. Ulloq Nal. Eriagisassap nr. Suussusaa Samm. ass. Assiliivik :17 63V2- III- 36 Pullat marloqiusat N Canon :20 63V2- III- 37 Pullatit S Canon :22 Paarnat Canon :25 63V2- III- 36 Pullatit marloqiusat NW Canon :54 63V2- III- 38 Qangattaq NW Canon :55 63V2- III- 38 Qangattaq NE Canon :56 63V2- III- 38 Qangattaq E Canon :06 63V2- III- 39 Siniffik W Canon :07 63V2- III- 39 Siniffik SW Canon :10 63V2- III- 40 A Inussuk NNW Canon :12 63V2- III- 40 B Inussuk NNW Canon :14 63V2- III- 40 C Inussuk N Canon :16 63V2- III- 40 D Inussuk N Canon :17 63V2- III- 40 E Inussuk N Canon :19 63V2- III- 40 F Inussuk E Canon :21 63V2- III- 40 G Inussuk N Canon :22 63V2- III- 40 H Inussuk NE Canon :30 63V2- III- 28 Ungooriviit S Canon :40 63V2- III- 41 Ungooriviit SSE Canon :16 63V2- III- 42 Ungorivit N Canon :56 63V2- III- 43 A Inussuk Canon :57 63V2- III- 43 B Inussuk Canon :06 63V2- III- 44 Pullatit Canon :19 63V2- III- 45 Pullatit Canon :29 63V2- III- 29 Tupeqarfikoq :38 63V2- III- 30 Tupeqarfikoq N: Avannaanit S: Kujataanit SE: Kujataata kangianit NE: Avannaata kangianit SW: Kujataata kitaanit NW: Avannaata kitaanit 12

158 APPENDIX 3A HF CLEANING OF CORUNDUM CONCENTRATE (ENGLISH) True North Gems Inc.

159 APPENDIX 3A HF CLEANING OF CORUNDUM CONCEN- TRATE 1 OVERVIEW The corundum concentrate produced at the mine processing plant (refer to REP0011 Processing Plan) will consist of corundum mixed with and attached to a number of other minerals which must be removed from the corundum prior to sorting. These minerals will commonly include silicates such as amphibole, mica, feldspar, olivine and garnet. Even with the potential introduction of density separation or other technologies, it is expected that through the life of the project a cleaning stage will be required before the corundum will be pure enough to be accurately sorted by colour and clarity into the categories required sale (refer to REP Marketing). Simply put, when non-corundum material is attached to corundum crystals, light will not pass through the crystals and accordingly it is very inefficient for sorters to attempt to determine the correct category. This is also the case with diamonds which are routinely cleaned with either hydrofluoric acid or a process called caustic fusion. Caustic fusion, though more common than hydrofluoric acid cleaning, is not suitable for cleaning corundum. Accordingly, for several years TNG has been testing methodology for cleaning corundum based on experience in the diamond industry. TNG has discussed the cleaning of corundum with Activation Laboratories Ltd., of Ancaster, Canada, about the potential for utilizing the existing facility located in Nuuk. Actlabs has determined that the existing facility, with certain additional security and safety equipment, should be sufficient to clean the volumes of corundum concentrate expected in the first two years of production. Accordingly, it is TNG s plan to work with Actlabs to develop safety and processing protocols and utilize the existing facility for the early life of the project, and to use the knowledge to design a separate (or expanded) facility that will be utilized later in the life of the project. Whether the cleaning is done by Actlabs at its existing facility or by a TNG facility, the process and safety procedures are the same and are described in this document. 2 GENERAL PROCESS The most common minerals associated with corundum are members of a mineral family known as silicates. This means that silicon atoms form the common elements and bonds. Fortunately silicates dissolve readily in hydrofluoric acid (HF acid). HF acid is, like all acids, a dangerous chemical that must be handled with care. HF acid is commonly used in industrial settings such as to dissolve oxide impurities in the stainless steel industry, in manufacturing pharmaceuticals, in oil refineries, as well as in mineral processing including cleaning of diamonds. The process being developed by TNG and Actlabs is based on the processes used by the Saskatchewan Research Council (SRC) in its diamonds laboratory in Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, and by DeBeers in its diamond processing laboratories located at their mines around the world and at their downtown London, England office. SRC has been HF cleaning Greenland corundum since 2005, both for drill core assays and cleaning bulk sample material that was subsequently polished. Kent Ellemers, designer of the DeBeers exploration facility in Kimberley, RSA, was consulted on and contributed to the design of the processing facility and the safety protocols as set out in this document. True North Gems Inc.

160 The conceptual process is quite simple: the corundum to be cleaned is divided into appropriate sized batches and placed in acid-proof containers. HF acid is introduced to the containers, the containers are closed (not sealed), and the containers are agitated for a period of time. The HF acid, after having dissolved the silicate, is decanted off. The cleaned corundum concentrate is rinsed with water, and both the rinse water and the products of the dissolution (remaining HF liquid and dissolved solids) are neutralized with an inexpensive and benign alkaline material, likely hydrated lime (Ca(OH) 2). Once neutralized with hydrated lime, the HF acid cleaning liquids produces two products: (1) A solid precipitate (sludge) consisting principally of SiO 2 (silica), Al 2O 3 (aluminum oxide) and CaF 2 (calcium fluoride), all of which are relatively insoluble and benign. At most laboratories, the sludge is filtered out, dried and disposed of in an ordinary municipal landfill. (2) A liquid solution consisting of relatively low concentrations of certain soluble metals present in the rock, such as chromium, iron and magnesium. This solution is generally diluted and disposed of in the municipal sewage treatment system. Because Actlabs and TNG are continuing work to optimize the cleaning process, it is not yet know what the whether the residual products from the cleaning process will meet Greenland standards for municipal disposal. Until more data is available and disposal regulations have been met, Actlabs and TNG intend to ship all residual products out of Greenland, likely to Denmark, for disposal HF HANDLING EQUIPMENT While the industrial process is straightforward, care must be taken to protect workers and the environment from exposure to HF acid. The principal issue is that HF acid, despite being chemically weak, will dissolve most metals and glass. Therefore the HF acid must be contained by equipment constructed of polyethylene, polypropylene, polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) or Teflon. This includes not only the actual containers holding the corundum concentrate for cleaning, but also the HF acid storage, piping and air filtration systems. Fortunately these materials are very commonly used for laboratory equipment and, particularly in the case of polyethylene, quite inexpensive. 3.1 Fume Hood Standard laboratory fume hoods such as the model shown constructed by Fabricated Plastics Limited in Canada are designed to integrate the necessary acid handling features necessary to safely and effectively HF acid clean the corundum concentrate. Features include: high acid resistance integrated lighting to provide for safe handling conditions fume capture by maintaining continuous negative pressure inside the hood True North Gems Inc.

161 Air Scrubber An integrated air scrubber is incorporated which forces all of the air circulating through the fume hood into a series of packer cleaner units. These packers are continuously irrigated with a neutralizing solution (a mixture of water and neutralizing base). Since HF acid is highly soluble, any residual HF acid both as droplets or in a gaseous state will be dissolved into solution and neutralized. The scrubbed air can then be safely vented to the atmosphere, and the waste neutralizing solution is handled in the same manner as the neutralized products from the acid cleaning process itself. The acidity (ph) of the neutralizing solution is continuously monitored. 3.3 Liquid Neutralization The liquid waste from the cleaning process (waste acid, dissolved silicates and rinse water) and waste water from the air scrubber will be introduced into a polyethylene tank containing a hydrated lime slurry or similar liquid neutralizing medium. The introduction will be controlled to ensure that the heat of the reaction does not cause excessive off-gassing and that no splashing occurs. The tank will be gently agitated. Once the waste solution has been neutralized in this manner it is no longer acidic and poses no health and safety risk. True North Gems Inc.

162 The gaseous product of the hydrated lime neutralization process is steam which can be safely vented into the atmosphere. 3.4 Disposal of Neutralized Liquid The ph of the neutralizing slurry solution will be monitored; the solution will be replaced at appropriate intervals. The used solution will be filtered to remove solids (sludge) resulting from the neutralization reaction, consisting principally of silica, aluminium oxide and calcium flouride. This will be done by a standard filter press such as the one shown below. The resulting product of the filter press is then dried in a standard laboratory oven and becomes an inert, insoluble powder which, if permitted by local regulations, can be disposed of in a municipal landfill. The liquid remaining after filtering contains certain soluble metals present in the rock, such as chromium, iron and magnesium. Testwork is being undertaken to determine whether the liquid can be treated to facilitate disposing of this into the local Nuuk sewage system. If this is not possible or practical, the liquid will be evaporated and the residue transported to an appropriate facility, likely in Denmark. 4 CLEANING PROCESS The dirty corundum concentrate (corundum together with the attached silicates) from the mine site will be delivered to the TNG sorting house in Nuuk. The corundum concentrate will then undergo the following steps before returning to the TNG sorting house as clean corundum concentrate (largely free from silicate impurities) ready for sorting. 4.1 Place Dirty Concentrate into Cleaning Containers at the TNG Sorting Facility At the TNG sorting facility, the dirty corundum concentrate will be divided into parcels of approximately 4 kg or less and placed in plastic containers. These containers will be made specifically for the TNG cleaning process. The containers will have plastic mesh on one end that will allow HF acid and rinse water to enter and exit the container, while maintaining any corundum larger than 1.7 mm (the minimum size which is commercially valuable) inside the bottle. The containers will be manufactured so that they can have HF acid-proof security seals installed at the TNG sorting facility to ensure that any tampering is immediately evident. These seals will also allow each batch of concentrate to be tracked through the entirety of the cleaning and grading process. 4.2 Transport to the Cleaning Facility The sealed containers containing the dirty corundum concentrate will be transported to the HF acid cleaning facility. The cleaning facility will consist simply of a room containing the fume hood, as well as the air scrubber and the liquid neutralization equipment. True North Gems Inc.

163 This laboratory/hf cleaning room will be separate from the rest of the cleaning facility building; it will also contain specialized HF acid sensors. In the event that the sensors detect HF acid in the air above the allowable limits, an alarm will sound and the scrubber on the fume hood will automatically run at full speed to remove as much HF acid from the laboratory air as possible. The room will also contain emergency spill kits, a rinse shower, eye wash stations and other emergency equipment to treat accidental HF acid exposure or spills. 4.3 Place Cleaning Containers into Fume Hood The cleaning containers will be placed in the fume hood on specially designed racks which will slowly roll the containers to agitate the corundum. Cleaning laboratory personnel (laboratory technicians) will receive HF acid training and will be equipped with the appropriate personal protection equipment (PPE) such as gloves, apron, goggles and face shield. The laboratory technicians will add the appropriate volume of HF acid to the cleaning containers inside the fume hood. Since the acid cleaning process can cause rapid heating, the acid will be added slowly. The system can be designed to dispense the acid in appropriate sized doses (such as 100 ml at a time) with a required time delay in between doses. A counter can be added to the system to simplify accounting for acid amounts; this prevents too much acid being added at once, and will prevent the technician dispensing the doses too quickly. The cleaning container (likely multiple containers) will then be left to agitate on the racks for a pre-determined residence time; this will be dependent on the particle size of the corundum within the containers. 4.4 Neutralize and Rinse Containers Once the acid cleaning has continued for the appropriate time, the laboratory technicians (wearing their PPE) will remove the cleaning container from the rack and decant the nearly spent HF acid (now containing dissolved minerals) into a sink inside the fume hood. The cleaning container will then be filled with water (and possibly a weak neutralizing solution) and replaced onto the rack to be agitated for a rinse period. Once the rinse period is completed, the rinse water will be decanted into the same sink and the rinse process repeated. After the second (and final) internal rinse, the outside of the cleaning containers and the inside of the fume hood will be thoroughly rinsed with water. All of this rinse liquid will flow into the sink-drain located in the base of the fume-hood. 4.5 Remove Concentrate from Glove Box After rinsing has been completed the containers and fume hood will be allowed to stand and vent for a period. Once finished, the container containing the concentrate can be safely removed from the fume hood. The tracking system can be updated to show the HF cleaning process complete, and the container can be sent back to the sorting house for sorting. 4.6 Neutralize and scrub waste products The waste products (dilute HF, wash water, dissolved salts, dissolution sludge etc) are all washed into the sink drain located on the base of the fume hood. This drain will remove the used liquids from the cleaning process and prepare them for cleaning and neutralization. After disposal into the fume hood sink, the waste solutions will be introduced into a polyethylene tank containing water and hydrated lime (or similar neutralizing medium). This process will be carefully controlled to ensure that the heat generated by the neutralization reaction does not cause excessive off-gassing (foaming) and that no splashing occurs. The tank will be gently agitated to assist the neutralization reaction. Once the remaining HF solution has been neutralized it is no longer acidic and the liquid within the tank poses no health and safety risk True North Gems Inc.

164 The gaseous product of the neutralization process is simply steam which can be safely vented into the atmosphere. No acidic gases will be given off during the neutralization process, thus there is no need for an additional air scrubber unit prior to venting. 4.7 Final Disposal of Waste The ph neutral and benign waste solution will be passed through a standard laboratory filter press to remove any solids (see section 3.3 for further description of this process). These solids are then collected, dried and packed into drums for disposal. The liquid remaining after filtering will contain a number of dissolved substances which, it municipal regulations permit, will be disposed into the local sewage system. If this is not permitted by regulations, all waste will be transported out of Greenland to disposal. 4.8 Receiving station Until the environmental safety of disposing of the solids and the solution is demonstrated, it is intended that the resulting products of HF cleaning will be shipped out of Greenland for disposal. Contacts to KommuneKemi A/S in Denmark have been established in order to have this procedure formalized. KommuneKemi A/S, CVR: Lindholmsvej Nyborg Denmark Phones: Mails: [email protected] [email protected] Fax: Web: Contact person: Bjarne Damsgaard, Cellphone: Mail: [email protected] A contract will be made between TNG and KommuneKemi. KommuneKemi, who has partners in Nuuk to facilitate their customers, will arrange that materials will be transported safely from the laboratory to the harbour. At the Habour Royal Arctic Line A/S will transport the material to Aalborg, Denmark, from where an agent will transport the material to KommuneKemi. KommuneKemi will take care of all administration related to these transports. 5 MONITORING The cleaning facility will be monitored in a number of locations. The air in the cleaning facility will be monitored by an HF acid sensing system. If the air exceeds a pre-set limit the alarm will sound and the air scrubber will automatically run at full speed to remove the HF acid from the air as quickly as possible. The ph (acidity) of the hydrated lime neutralizing solution used to neutralize the liquid discharge from the fume hood will be monitored to determine when the solution needs to be changed. Similarly, the ph of the neutralizing solution within air scrubber will be monitored to determine when the neutralizing solution needs to be changed. If disposal into the sewage system is permitted by regulation, the liquid discharge into the municipal sewage system will be continuously monitored for HF acid, heavy metals and any trace elements nearing Greenland discharge regulatory limits True North Gems Inc.

165 The solids resulting from the filtering of the neutralized solution will be sampled and periodically tested for the presence of soluble compounds. 6 SAFETY PROCEDURES 6.1 INTRODUCTION HF acid has a number of chemical, physical and toxicological properties, which make its handling hazardous. Although chemists consider HF acid to be a weak acid due to the nature of the chemical bonding within the compound, its potential to produce serious health effects greatly exceeds that of strong acids commonly used in the laboratory. HF acid shares the corrosive properties common among mineral acids, but is unique in its ability to cause deep tissue damage and hypocalcemia. Until neutralized, all forms including the solution and vapor can cause burns to tissue which are extremely painful and very slow to heal. 6.2 CHEMICAL PROPERTIES: HF acid solutions are clear and colorless with a density similar to that of water. The most widely known property of HF acid is its ability to dissolve glass. It will also attack glazes, enamels, pottery, concrete, rubber, leather, many metals (especially cast iron) and organic compounds. Upon reaction with metals, explosive hydrogen gas may be formed as a by-product. 6.3 TOXICOLOGICAL PROPERTIES: The unique toxicological properties of HF acid are due to the action of the fluoride ion. Fluoride ion causes soft tissue necrosis (similar to alkali damage) and bone damage by binding the calcium and fluoride ions; the acid is acutely and chronically toxic. Acute effects of HF acid exposure include extreme respiratory irritation, immediate and severe eye damage and pulmonary edema. Skin contact with HF acid is the most common route of exposure for laboratory personnel (often under fingernails) however HF acid can also cause damage through eye contact, inhalation, or ingestion. Exposures to concentrated (>50%) HF acid solutions will cause immediate, severe, penetrating burns. Exposure to less concentrated solutions may have equally serious effects, but the appearance of symptoms can be delayed for up to 8 hours for concentrations of 20-50% and up to 24 hours for concentrations less than 20% HF. Concentrated HF acid burns can be fatal even if only 2 % (~ an 8-inch square) of the body is exposed. 6.4 EXPOSURE CONTROL, PPE AND WORK PRACTICES: The American Conference of Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH) ceiling limit, and the USA Occupational Safety and Health Administration time weighted average exposure limit (OSHA TWA) for HF acid is 3 parts-per-million (PPM). Therefore the cleaning facility will be well ventilated and all work with concentrated HF acid will be done inside a fume hood. In order to warn and protect others from the hazard of HF acid, a multi-language (Greenlandic, Danish, English) warning sign indicating the use of HF acid will be posted on all access doors, and restricted access locks will be fitted to the HF laboratory to stop unauthorized (untrained) entry. Workers will always wear approved gloves, lab coat, chemical safety goggles, rubber apron and face shield when working with any HF solution. Not all gloves provide adequate protection against HF; high quality gloves made from butyl or neoprene rubber are required. Two pairs of gloves are recommended when working with concentrations exceeding 20% or when heavy True North Gems Inc.

166 exposure to the exterior of the gloves is expected. Technicians will be trained to always check gloves for leaks prior to use. The purpose of personal protective equipment (PPE) is to shield the individual in the event of an accidental release of vapour, a spill or other incident. PPE is not a substitute for safe work practices and training. Although accidents involving HF acid cannot be totally eliminated, preplanning will minimize the effects of such incidents and allow them to be dealt with speedily and safely. 6.5 HF EXPOSURES Although HF exposures can result in injury, quick response can minimize the damage. All exposures should be treated immediately even though burns may not be felt for hours. Commercially available HF first aid and spill response kits shall be standard equipment in laboratories that use or store HF. These will be checked on a regular basis and any perishable goods within them always replaced before expiry. Affected personnel must receive medical attention for all eye and inhalation exposures, and all but the most minor skin burns. All personnel will be instructed in these safety protocols and procedures, and a copy of these procedures and the MSDS data sheets will be readily available in the laboratory. A copy of the MSDS will be made available to the hospital emergency room and doctor s office to ensure a speedy and appropriate treatment program is applied. Skin Contact Press emergency alarm button in laboratory to summon immediate help. Wash all affected areas with water using the eye-wash station, shower or sink within the laboratory. Remove any clothing or jewellery that could trap HF acid (remove goggles last). Flush skin for fifteen minutes or until attending medical staff suggest otherwise. After rinsing, apply calcium gluconate gel from the HF emergency packs to the affected area (use rubber gloves) every fifteen minutes and massage into the skin continuously. Individuals who frequently work with HF will be required to keep a tube of calcium gluconate gel at home as the symptoms of HF exposure are often delayed. Eye Contact Press emergency alarm button in laboratory to summon immediate help. Go to wash-station and flush eyes for at least fifteen minutes with water while holding eyelids open. Seek medical attention. If medical personnel are immediately available they should administer sterile calcium gluconate (1%) solution (via continuous drip into eyes) after flushing for no less than 5 minutes. Inhalation Move out of the lab and into fresh air as soon as possible; press emergency alarm button to summon help. Get medical attention. Medical or safety personnel can administer pure oxygen and calcium gluconate (via nebulizer) to patient. Be sure that good ventilation is available and that personal protective equipment is worn before attempting to clean up a HF acid spill. The HF vapour alarm will also have sounded to alert other staff members that the air within the laboratory is potentially hazardous. No staff should enter the laboratory to clean-up the spill/leak without specific training. A full HF impermeable exposure suit will be readily available outside the lab. 6.6 SPECIFIC PROCEDURES FOR USING HYDROFLUORIC ACID SAFELY The following employee safety practices will be implemented and augmented as appropriate. 1. HF acid may be used only when at least one additional knowledgeable person has been alerted and is in the general vicinity. 2. All lab personnel, not just those who will be using HF acid, will be informed of the dangers of HF acid and the emergency procedures necessary in case of an accident. A multi-language sign will be posted to alert people that work with HF acid is in progress. True North Gems Inc.

167 All persons who will be using HF acid will be made aware of its properties and trained in proper procedures for use and disposal. 4. A safety shower and eyewash will be installed in the cleaning room. Before beginning any procedure involving HF acid, access to the emergency shower and eyewash must be unobstructed. 5. New employees should never be given the task of using HF acid solutions. Only experienced persons familiar with its properties and TNG protocols should handle the concentrated acid. 6. A supply of lime or soda ash will be available in the laboratory for immediate neutralization of liquid HF spills. This will be kept near to the fume hood where the work will be conducted. If any HF acid solution is spilled out of the fume-hood it will be cleaned up by applying powdered lime or soda ash. The room will then be evacuated, the appropriate staff members will put on protective suits and the spill can be washed with water and neutralizing solution/powder to remove any trace of HF acid. The waste will be disposed of into the primary neutralization tank to avoid further contamination. Only specially trained individuals will be permitted to clean spills. The lab will be fitted with an internal controlled air supply to allow the quick deployment and comfortable use of appropriate suits when cleaning up any spilled HF acid. 7. Staff will always use the appropriate PPE and engineering controls when working with hydrofluoric acid. 8. Any exposure to HF acid must be medically evaluated. True North Gems Inc.

168 APPENDIX 3B HF ATORLUGU KORUND-INIK SALIINEQ (KALAALLISUT) True North Gems Inc.

169 TAPILIUT 3B HF ATORLUGU KORUND-INIK SALIINEQ 1 AALLARNIUTAA Korund akuissarlugu piiaaffiup sukuluiaaffiani tunisassiarineqartoq (REP0011 Sukuluiaanermut pilersaaut innersuullugu) akoqassaaq korund-inik mineralinik allanik akulimmik aamma mineralinik allanik tassunga nippusimasunik, taakkulu immikkoortiterisoqalersinnagu korund-imit piiarneqassapput. Mineralit taakku nalinginnaasumik ilagissavaat silikatit soorlu amfibol, qillakiak, feldspat, olivin aamma granat. Naak mineralit oqimaassusai naapertorlugit immikkoortiterinermik imaluunniit teknologimik allamik atuisoqarlersinnaagaluartoq, naatsersuutigineqarpoq piiaaffiup ingerlanerani saliisarnissaq pisariaqartiinnarneqassasoq, taamaalilluni korund aatsaat akuissunngussammat, tuniniarneqalernissaani pisarialimmik nalilersornerat eqqortumik qalipaataa aamma ersarissasusaa tunngavigalugit immikkoortitersinnaanngorlugit (takuuk REP 0014 Gemstone Marketing aaqqissuussaq). Naatsumik taallugu, mineralit korund-iunngitsut korund-imut nippusimappata qaamaneq krystallitaatigut ingerlasinnaanngilaq, taamaattumik immikkoortiterisussat korundip pitsaassusaanut eqqortumik inissiiniarnerat ajornakusoortilerlugu. Diamantit eqqarsaatigalugit aamma taamaappoq, taakku ileqquusumik HF syremik (flussyre-mik) salinneqartaramik, imaluunniit sukuluiaariaatsimi kaustisk fusion-imik taagguutilik atorlugu salinneqartarlutik. Naak kaustisk fusion atorlugu saliineq HF syre (flussye) atorlugu saliinermut naleqqiullugu nalinginnaanerugaluartoq, taanna korund-inik saliinissanut atussallugu piukkunnanngilaq. Tamanna naapertorlugu TNG ukiuni arlalinni taamatut korund-inik saleeriaaseq misileraaffigisimavaa, diamantinik ingerlatallit ilisimasaat tunngavigalugit. TNG-p korund-inik saliineq pillugu Activation Laboratories Ltd., Canadami Ancastererimeersoq, oqaloqatigisimavai Nuummi Issortarfimmiittoq taakku suliffeqarfiata atorneqarsinnaanera pillugu. Actlabs inerniliisimavoq sulliviit atuutereersut isumannaallisaanermut atortunik tapiinnarlugit naammassasut, korund-imik akuissakkat ukiuni marlunni siullerni tunisassiarineqartut annertussusaat salinneqarsinnaassallutik. Tamanna najoqqutaralugu TNG-p pilersaarutigivaa Actlabs suleqatigalugu isumanannaallisaanermut aamma suleriaasissanut ilitsersuutit ineriartortinneqassasut, aamma sulliviit pioreersut suliniutip aallarteqqaarnerani atorneqassasut, kiisalu taakku ilisimasat sullivissap allami inissisimasussap ilusilersonerani (imaluunniit allilerinermi) tunngavigineqassasut suliniutip ingerlateqqinnerani atorneqarsinnaasut. Naak saliinerit Actlabsimit ingerlanneqartussat sullivinni pioreersuni imaluunniit TNG-p sulliviini ingerlanneqarniaraluartut, sukuluiaanermi isumannaallisaanermilu periusissat assigiiginnarput uanilu allaaserineqarlutik. 2 SULERIAASEQ NALINGINNAASUMIK Mineralit nalinginnaanerpaat korund-imut akooqataasartut tassaapput mineralit immikkoortut silikatitut ilisimaneqartut. Tamanna isumaqarpoq silicium-imik atomit atortussanik nalinginnaasunik aamma taakkununnga nippullutik pilersitsisartut. Qujanartumik silikatit flussyremi (HF syre) ajornanngitsumik arrortinneqartarput. HF syre, syre-t allat tamaasa assigalugit ulorianartuuvoq, mianersortumillu passuttariaqarluni. HF syre nalinginnarmik suliffissuaqarfinni atorneqartarpoq, soorlu sisammik manngertornisinnaanngitsunik suliffissuaqarfinni oxidinik arrortitsissutitut, nakorsaasiassanik tunissassiornerni, uuliamik sukuluiaaffinni, aamma mineralinik suliareqqiinerni, tassani ilaalluni diamantinik saliinerit. Saleeriaaseq TNG-mit aamma Actlabs-imit ineriartortinneqarsimasoq Saskatchewan Research Council-imit (SRC) Saskatoonimi diamantinut laboratoriaanni atorneqartoq tunngavigineqarpoq, taanna aamma De Beers-ip diamantinik suliareqqiiffiini nunarsuarmi tamaniittuni London-imilu allaffeqarfianni atorneqarpoq. SRC 2005 aallar- True North Gems Inc.

170 nerfigalugu kalaallit korundiutaannik HF syre atorlugu saliisarsimavoq, qillikkat akuinik uuttuinerni aamma 2005-miit 2007-p tungaanut katersat (bulkprøve-t) salinneranni flussyre atorneqarluni, salinneqareeramillu qillarissarneqarlutik. Kent Ellemers Kimberley-mi Sydafrikamiittumi De Beers-ip misissuinerminni sulliviannik ilusilersuisimasoq isumasiorneqarsimavoq suliareqqiiffissat aamma isumannaallisaalluni malittarisassat ilusilersorneranni ilaaqataasimalluni, taakku allakkiami uani ilaatinneqarput. Saleriaasissaq pisariitsuuvoq: korundit salitassat annertussutsinut marlunnut tulluuttunut avinneqassapput puussaannullu syremik pitarneqarsinnaanngitsunut inissillugit. Taakkununnga Hf syre kuineqassaaq puuilu matullugit (ilisarnaammik naqitsiffiginagit), taavalu piffissami aalajangersimasumi aalatinneqarlutik. Silikatit arrortinneqareerpata HF syre kuineqassaaq. Korundit akuissakkat saleriikkat imermik errortorneqassapput, aamma imeq saliilluni atugakoq arrortitallu akui (HF syrep sinnera aamma akut arrortitat) kimeerutitinneqassapput (seernarunnaarlugit) atortussiaq alkaliniusoq, akikillunilu kimikitsoq, soorlu læsket kalk (Ca(OH) 2) atorlugu. Læsket kalkimatorlugu kimeerutsinneqareerluni (neutraliseererneqareerluni) imerpalasoq HF syre suussutsinik marlunnik pinngortitsisarpoq: 1. Kinnganikut manngissusillit (kinertumik imerpalasumiittut) pingaarnerusumik akugalugit SiO 2 (Silisium), Al 2O 3 (aluminiumoxidi) aammalu CaF 2 (calcium fluorid, imerpalasoq kinertoq laboratoriani amerlanerni nakkartitsivikkoortinneqartarpoq, panerseriarlugu eqqaavissuarnut nalinginnarnut iginneqartartoq. 2. Imerpalasoq arrortitanik akulik, annikikannersunik akoqarluni saffiugassanik arrortitanik soorlu, savimineq, magnesium, kromimillu. Arrortitaq taanna kimikillisagaasarpoq kommunillu imikunut saliiffiinut kuineqartarluni. Actlabs aamma TNG-p saleeriaaseq pitsanngorsarlugu suli sulinertik ingerlammassuk, suli ilisimaneqanngilaq saliinermi kinnganerit pinngortinneqartut igitsinissamut nunatsinni piumasaqaatit eqqortinneraat. Paasissutissat annertunerusut ilisimaneqalersinnagit aamma igitsinissamut piumasaqaatit eqqortissinnaanerisa tungaannut, Actlabs-ip amma TNG-p kinnganertut pinngortitat tamaasa nunatsinniit annittassavaat, ilimanarneruvoq Danmarkimut HF-MUT PASSUSSINERNUT ATORTUT Saleeriaaseq pisariitsuugaluartoq sulisut avatangiisillu HF syrep ajoqusiisinnaaneranut illersorniarlugit periutsinik atuisoqartariaqarpoq. Ajornartorsiutit annersarivaat HF syre kemiskimik kimikitsuugaluarluni saffiugassat igalaamernillu amerlanerit arrortissinnaagamigit. Taamaattumik HF syre immersakkani polyethylen, polypropylen, polyvinyliden fluorid (PVDF) imaluunniit tefloninik sanaanik pooqartinneqassaaq. Tassani puut korund-imik akuissakkanik salitassanik imallit kisimik eqqarsaatigineqanngillat, kisianni aamma HF syre-p toqqorsimatinnissaa, ruujorit, filterillu silaannarmik saligutit tassani ilaatinneqarlutik. Atortussiat taakku qujanartumik suliffissuaqarfinni laboratoriat atortuini nalinginnaasumik atorneqartarput, aamma polyethylen eqqarsaatigalugu akikillutik. 3.1 Silaannarmut toqunartumut unitsitsissut Laboratoriani gasinik ulorianartunut assersuutit matoqqasut (stinkskab) nalinginnaasut, soorlu ataani takutitaq Fabricated Limited-imit sananeqarsimasoq, ilusilersugaapput syremik passussinerit atortuisa piginnaasusiisalu pisariaqartinneqartut ataatsimoortillugit sanaaq, korundimik akuissakkamik isumannaatsumik pitsaasumillu HF syre atorlugu saliisinnaanngorlugit. Piginnaasanut immikkut ittunut ilaapput: Syrimit annertuumik pitarneqarsinnaanngissusaat Qullilersugaalluni isumannaatsumik passussiviusinnaasoq True North Gems Inc.

171 Gas-inik ulorianartunik unitsitsisinnaaneq, stinkskabip iluani ataavartumik silaannap naqitsinikitsup uninngatissinnaaneratigut 3.2 Silaannarmut saligut Silaannarmut saligut ilaatinneqarluni ikkusimavoq, taassuma silaannaq silaannarmut toqunartumut unitsitsissutip iluani kaajalukaartoq ajattortarpaa ruujorertaannut saliisussanut ingerlatillugu. Immikkoortut taakku imerpalasumik kimeerutsitsissummik (imeq syremut kimeerutsitsissummik basiskiusumik akullugu) ataavartumik serpartarfigitittarput. HF syrep arrortikkuminarnera pissutigalugu HF syrep sinnera tamarmi, kuserniaqqatut imaluunniit gas-itut imerpalasumi arrortinneqassaaq kimeerutitinneqarluni. Silaannaq saleriigaq taamaalilluni silaannarmut aniatinneqarsinnaalertarpoq, imerpalasorlu igitassartaanik kimeerutsitsisoq syremik saliinermi namminermi kimeerutitat pinngortut assigalugit passunneqartarpoq. Imerpalasup kimeerutsitsissutip seernassusia ph ataavartumik malittarineqassaaq. True North Gems Inc.

172 Imerpalasumik kimeerutsitsineq Saliinermi imerpalasoq atugakoq igitassaq (syrep igitassartaa, silikatit arrortitat imerlu saligut) aamma silaannarmik saliissummit imikoq polyethylen tankimut pisinneqassaaq, taanna kinertumik imerpalasumik læsket kalkimik imaluunniit kimeerutsitsissummik taassuma assigisaanik imalimmut. Tankimut tassunga pisinnera nakkutigineqassaaq, kissap taakku imminnut akulerunneranni pinngortup gasimik sinneruttumik aniasoqannginnissaa qulakkeerniarlugu aamma serpartoortoqannginnissaanik nakkutigalugu. Tanki annikitsumik aalatinneqassaaq. Imerpalasup sinnikup taamatut kimeerutitereernerani taanna seernarunnaareerpoq peqqinnissaq isumannaallisaanerlu eqqarsaatigalugit ulorianartorsiortitsiunnaarlutik. Læsket kalk atorlugu kimeerutsitsinerup gasitut pinngortitaa tassaavoq aalaq isumannaatsumik silaannarmut aniatinneqarsinnaasoq. 3.4 Imerpalasumik kimeerutitamik igitsineq Imerpalasup arrortitap kinnganillip seernassusia (ph) nakkutigineqassaaq; imerpalasoq arrortitaq piffissamik naleqquttumik akunnilinnik taarserneqartassaaq. Imerpalasoq arrortitaq atoriigaq nakkartitsivikkoortinneqartassaaq atortussiat manngissusillit peerniarlugit, taakku kimeerutsitsinermi pinngortuullutik annerusumik akugalugit CaF 2. Nakkartitsivikkoortitsineq taanna filterpresse-mi ataani takutinneqartumi nalinginnaasumilu pisassaaq. Filterpresse-koortinnerani unitsitat laboratoriani kissarsuutini nalinginnarmik atortakkani panerserneqassapput, taakkulu sequnnikuusarput arrortinneqarsinnaanngitsut, akuerineqarpat kommunip eqqaavissuanut iginneqarsinnaasut. Nakkartitsivikkoortereernerani sinnikut arrortitanik assigiinngitsunik tangilinnik akoqarput soorlu kromiumimik, saviminissamik magnesiummimillu. Misileraanerit maannakkut ingerlanneqarput imerpalasoq suliarineqarsinnaanersoq Nuummi kuuffitsigut iginneqarsinnaanersoq aalajangerniarlugu. Tamanna anguneqarsinnaanngippat imaluunniit pisariuppat imerpalasoq aalanngortinneqassaaq sinnerilu tamakkuninnga igitsisarfinnut/suliareqqiiffinnut naleqquttunut assartorneqarlutik, Danmarkimiinnissaa ilimanarluni. 4 SALIINERUP INGERLANNERA Korund akuissakkat ipallit (korund silikatinik tassunga nippusimasunik akulik) piiaavimmeersut TNG-p Nuummi immikkoortiterivianut tunniunneqassapput. Korund akuissagaq ukuninnga aqqusaartinneqassaaq TNG-p Nuummi immikkoortiterivianut korund-itut ipaqanngitsutut (silikatinik nippusimasunik ipaarutereerlugu) utertinneqartinnagu aamma immikkoortiternissaanut piareerlugu: True North Gems Inc.

173 Akuissakkat ipallit saliinermi poorititassanut inissillugit TNG-p immikkoortiteriviani TNG-p immikkoortiteriviani korund ipalik akuissagaq 4 kg missiliorlugit annikinnerusunulluunniit avinneqassaaq plastikkinullu puussanut inissinneqarlutik. Puussat taakku TNG-p saliinissaani atugassatut sanaarineqqassapput. Poorititassap isuani ataatsimi putoortoqassapput, tassuuna HF syre aamma imerpalasoq saligutissaq puussamiit puussallu iluanut kuussinnaanngorlugu, kiisalu korund-it 1,7 mm-nik anginerusut tamaasa (angissuseq minnerpaaq taakkuninnga niuerutaasinnaasoq) puujaasamiitiinnartillugit. Poorititassat sananeqassapput syremit pitarneqarsinnaanngitsumik naqitsiserlugit, taamaalilluni peqquserlulluni allanngueriaraluarnerit ersarissumik takuneqarsinnaanngorlugit. Taakku naqitsisilernerat pisinnaatitsissaaq akuissakkat immikkoortut tamaasa saliinerup aamma pitsaassusaannut naliliinerup nalaani malittarineqarsinnaanerannik. 4.2 Saliivinnut assartuinerit Poorisat naqitsisikkat korundinik akuissakkanik ipalinnik imallit HF syremik saliisarfimmut asartorneqassapput. Saliisarfik ini stinkskabimik, silaannarmik saliissummik aamma imerpalasunut kimeerutsitsissutinut atortunik imaqassaaq. Ini laboratoria/hf syremik saliivik illup saliisarfiup sinneranit avissaaqqalluni inissisimassaaq; aamma HF syrenut malussarniutinik atortorissaaruteqassaaq. Malussarniutit silaannarmi killigeqqusat sipporlugit HF syreqarneranik malussarpata siggartaat aarlerisaarut appissaaq silaannarissaallu stinkskabemiittoq tamakkersorluni aallartilluni, sapinngisamik HF syre tamaat laboratoriap silaannaaniittoq peerniarlugu. Ini aamma kuisoorinernut saligutissanik atortoqassaaq, imermik kuutsitsiveqarluni, isinut serpartaaveqarluni allanillu ajutoornermi atortussanik peqassalluni HF syremik kuisisoornerni imaluunniit inunnik ajoqusiinerni atugassanik. 4.3 Poorisat stinkskabimut inissinneri Saliinernut poorisat stinkskabini inissiivinnut stativinut arriitsumik kaavittussanut immikkullu sanaanut inissinneqassapput, korund-it taakku iluini aalatinniarlugit. Saliinermut laboratoriap sulisui (laboratorieteknikerit) HF syremut tunngasunik pikkorissartinneqassapput imminnullu illersuutinik assigiinngitsunik atortulerneqarlutik, soorlu aaqqatit, saaliaqutit, isaruarsuit kiinnamullu assiaqutit. Laboratorieteknikerit saliinermut puut stinkskabip iluani HF syremik naammattumik immissavaat. Syremik saliinerit kissarnermik sukkasuumik pilersitsisinnaanerat pissutigalugu syre annikitsukkaarlugu arriitsumik ilanngunneqartassaaq. Systemi ilusilersugaasinnaavoq syre annertussutsinik tulluuttukkaarlugu (soorlu 100 ml-erikkaarlugu) aamma akuttussusilikkanik immersinnaanngorlugu. Annertussutsimut uuttuut ilanngunneqarsinnaavoq syremik annertussusiliinerit pisariitsunngortillugit, taamaalilluni teknikerit annertuallaamik ilanngussisinnaanerat pisinnaajunnaartillugu. Saliinermut poorineqartoq (ilimanartumik puut arlallit) stativinut ilineqassapput piffissami aalajangersimasumi aalatinneqartussanngorlugit; sivisussuseq taanna korund-it poorititaniittut angissusaat apeqqutaatillugu. 4.4 Kimeerutititsineq aamma saliinernut puut Syremik saliineq piffissami tulluuttumi ingerlareerpat, laboratoriami teknikerit (imminnut illersuutilerlutik) saliinermi poorititaq ilisivianit piissavaat, taava HF syre tamakkingajalluni atornikoq (maannakkut mineralinik arrortitanik akulik) stinkskabip iluani asaffiup kuuffianut kuissavaat. Saliinermi pooq imermik immerneqassaaq (immaqalu kimeerutsitsissut imerpalasoq kimikitsoq) stativimullu inisseqqinneqarluni tassani aalatillugu salinneqarluni. Piffissaq saliiviusoq naammassippat, imerpalasoq saliinermi atorneqartoq asaffiup kuuffianut aamma tassunga kueqqinneqassaaq saliinerlu uteqqillugu. Aappassaanik (naggataasumik) ilua salinneqareerpat poorititat silatai stinkskabillu iluatungaa imermik sukumiisumik salinneqassap- True North Gems Inc.

174 put. Imerpalasoq saliinermi atorneqartoq tamarmi stinkskabip naqqani asaffiup kuuffianut kuussaaq. 4.5 Akuissakkat karsip iluanit peerlugit Saliineq naammassereerpat puut stinkskabilu ammatinneqarallassapput silaannarisartillugit. Tamanna pereerpat akuissakkat stinkskabimiit isumannaatsumik peerneqarsinnaalissapput. Rubininik malittarinnissutit nutarterneqassapput takutinniarlugu HF syremik saliineq naammassisoq, poorititallu illumut immikkoortiterivimmut utertinneqarsinnaasut. 4.6 Sinnikut igitassat kimeerutitillugit salillugillu Sinnikut igitassat (HF syre kimikillisaq, imeq saliissutikoq, taratsut arrortitat, imerpalasoq kinertoq kinnganilik il.il.) tamarmik asaffiup kuuffianut stinkskabip naqqaniittumut kuussapput. Kuuffiup taassuma saliinermi imerpalasoq atornikoq peertissavaa salinneqarnissaanut kimeerutitinnissaanullu piareersarlugu. Stinkskabip asaffianut inissinneqareerluni imerpalasoq arrortitaq igitassanik akulik polyethylen tankimut pisinneqassaaq imermik læsket kalkimillu imalimmut (imaluunniit kimeerutsissut assigisaa). Proces taanna mianersortumik nakkutigineqassaaq kimeerutsitsinermi kissap pinngortinneqartup ingasattumik gasimik pilersitsinnginnissaa (qaputsitsilluni) aamma serpartoortoqannginnissaa qulakkeerniarlugu. Tanki qajassuartumik aalatinneqassaaq kimeerutsitsineq ikiorserniarlugu. Imerpalasoq HF syremik akulik arrortitaq kisernoruttoq kimeerutsinneqareerpat seernarunnaariissaaq taamaalilluni imerpalasoq tankip iluaniittoq peqqinnissamut isumannaannissamullu ulorianartorsiortitsiunnaarluni. Kimeerutsitsinemi gasiusaq pinngortoq aalaavoq nalinginnaasoq isumannaatsumik silaannarmut aniatinneqarsinnaasoq. Kimeerutsitsinermi gasinik seernartumik aniasoqassanngilaq, taamaattumik silaannarmik saliissummik allamik pisariaqartitsisoqassanani silaannaap aniatinnginnerani. 4.7 Naggataasumik igitassanik igitsineq Imerpalasoq arrortitaq seernassuseqanngitsoq kimikitsorlu filterpresse-koortinneqassaaq atortussiat manngissusillit tassaniissinnaasut peerniarlugit (takuuk immikkoortoq 3.3 taassuma allaaserinera pillugu). Atortussiat taakku manngissusillit katersorneqassapput, panerseriarlugit nappartanut pooriarlugit igitassanngortitassat. Imerpalasut sinneruttut nakkartitsivikkoortinneqareerlutik arrortitanik tangilinnik akoqassapput, kommunip malittarisassaasa pisinnaatippagit sumiiffimmi kuuffitsigut iginneqarsinnaasut. 4.8 Eqqagassanik tigooraaviit Atortussat manngissusillit eginneqarnerini avatangiisinut ulorianaateqannginneri takutinneqaqqaartinnagit, HF-imik salitat manngissusertaat Kalaallit Nunaannit nassiullugit igikkiartorneqartassapput. Periusissaq aalajangersarniarlugu Kommunekemi A/S, Danmarkimiittoq attavigineqarsimavoq. Kommunekemi A/S, CVR: Lindholmsvej Nyborg Danmark Oqarasuaat: Mail: [email protected] [email protected] Fax: Web: Attavissaq: Bjarne Damsgaard, Mobil: Mail: [email protected] True North Gems Inc.

175 TNG Kommunekemillu akornganni isumaqatigiissiusiortoqassaaq. Kommunekemi-p, suleqateqarpoq Nuummi sullitaminut attavissaasumik, isumannaatsumik eqqagassat laboratoriamit sissaliaannissaat isumagissavaa. Sissamit Royal Arctic Line A/S-ip atortussat Aalborgimut, Danmarkimiittumut angallatissavai, tassanngaanniillu angallassisartut Kommunekemimut apuunneqarnissaat isumagissallugu. Kommunekemi-p nassiussinermut atatillugu allaffissornertaa isumagissavaa. 5 NAKKUTILLIINEQ Saliisarfik sumiiffinni arlalinni nakkutigineqassaaq. Saliisarfimmi silaannaq ataavartumik nakkutigineqassaaq HF syremut malussaatinik. Silaannaq killigititassanik annertunerusumik akoqalerpat aarlerisaarut appissaaq silaannarmullu saligut sukkassusissani tamaat ingerlalissaaq HF syre sukkanerpaamik silaannarmiittoq peerniarlugu. Kimeerutsitsissutip læsket kalkip stinkskabimit aniasumik kimeerutsitsissutaasimasup seernassusia (ph-a) malittarineqassaaq, arrortitaq allannguiffigineqassanersoq aalajangersinnaaniarlugu. Assigisaanik arrortitap silaannarmik saligutip iluani kimeerutsitsissutip seernassusia malittarineqassaaq, arrortitaq kimeerutsitsissut allannguiffigineqassanersoq aalajangersinnaaniarlugu. Peqqussutitigut kuuffitsigoortillugu iginneqarsinnaanera pisinnaatinneqarpat, imerpalasumik kommunimi kloakikkut aniatitsineq ataavartumik nakkutigineqassaaq HF syre, saffiugassat oqimaatsut, pinngoqqaatillu allat annikitsumik akuusut, aniatitsinermi annerpaamik killigeqqusaasut qanillattulerneraat malittariniarlugu. Atortussiat manngissusillit arrortitap kimeerutsinneqartup nakkartitsivikkoortinneranit pisut misissugassanik tigusiffigineqassapput arrortinneqarsinnaasunik akoqarnersut piffissani aalajangersimasuni misissuiffigisarniarlugit. 6 ISUMANNAALLISAANISSAMUT PERIUTSIT 6.1 ILISARITITSINEQ HF syre kemi, fysik aamma toqunassusia tunngavigalugu assigiinngitsunik piginnaassuseqarpoq. Naak kemikerit HF syre seernartutut kimikitsutut isigisaraluaraat pinngoqqaatit imminnut nippusimassusaat pissutigalugu, peqqissutsimut annertuumik ajoqusiisiinnaanerata syre-t kimittuut nalinginnarmik laboratoriani atorneqartartut qaangersimavai. HF syre mineral syre-t allat assigalugit ætserisinnaassuseqarpoq (ilanngartuisinnaassuseqarpoq), kisiaanili asseqanngitsumik inuup sananeqaataanik itisuumik aseruisinnaalluni aammalu hypokalkæmi-qartitsisinnaalluni. Ilusai tamarmik, arrortitaq aalaalu tamarmik, inuup sananeqaataanik uuneqartitsisinnaapput annernartorujussuarnik arriitsuinnarmillu mamikkiartortartunik. 6.2 KEMI TUNNGAVIGALUGU PIGINNAASAI: HF syre ersarissuuvoq qalipaateqanngitsoq imertut oqimaassusilik. HF syre-p piginnaasaa ilisimaneqarneq tassaavoq igalaaminermik arrortitsisinnaanera. Aamma sikassaatit, emalje, marrarnik sanaat, beton, gummi, ameq, saffiugassat amerlasuut (pingaartumik savimineq kuisaq) aamma organiskiusut saassussinnaavai. Saffiugassanut akulerunnerani gasit qaartuujasut biproduktitut pinngortinneqarsinnaapput. True North Gems Inc.

176 TOQUNASSUSERMIK PIGINNAASAI: Toqunassusermik HF syre-p piginnaasai asseqanngitsut pissuteqarput fluorid ionip sunniunneranit. Fluorid ion vævs nekrose-qartitsisarpoq sakkukitsumik (soorlu alkali-mik ajoqusernermi) aamma saanermik ajoqusiisarluni calcium aamma fluorid ionit nipputsinnerisigut, syre tassanngaannartumik sunniuttartutut atajuaannartumillu toqunartuuvoq. HF syremik tassanngaannartumik ajoquserneqarnernut sunniutinut ilaapput annertoorujussuarmik anersaartuutitigut ippigusunnerit, tassuuguinnaq ilungersunartumillu isikkut ajoqusernerit puammilu immertoornerit. HF syre-mik amikkut attuinerit laboratoriami sulisunut ajoqusernissamut aqqutit nalinginnaanersarivaat (amerlanertigut kukiit ataatigut) aammali HF syre ajoqusiisinnaalluni isimut pinikkut, ilummut anersaarunnerani aamma iisoorinikkut. HF syre-mik akuitsumik (>50%) attuineq tassanngaannartumik, ilungersunartumik akimuisunik uutitsisarpoq. Annikinnerusumik akuissusilimmik (20-50%) attuinerit assigisaanik ilungersunartunik sunniuteqarsinnaapput, ajoqusernermut ilisarnaatit nalunaaquttap akunnerinik 8-nik kingusinaarlutik takkussinnaallutik, 20%-mik annikinnerusumik akuissusillit nalunaaquttap akunneri 24-t tikillugit kingusinaarlutik takkussinnaallutik. HF syremik akuitsumik uunerit toqunartuusinnaapput, timip 2%-iinnaa (~50 cm 2 ) attorneqaraluartoq. 6.4 AJOQUSERNERNUT, ILLERSUUTINUT SULERIAATSIMULLU NAK- KUTILLIINEQ: Akuissuseq qaangeqqusaanngitsoq The American Conference of Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH)- mit killissarititassatut inissitaq, aamma sunnerneqarnermut sivisussuseq agguaqatigiissillugu killiliussaq USA Occupational Safety and Health Administration-mit aalajangerneqartoq HF syremut 3 ppm-iuvoq. Taamaattumik init saliisarfiit silaannarissarluagaassapput HF syremillu akuitsumik suliaqarnerit tamarmik stinkskabip iluani suliarineqartassapput. HF syre-p ulorianartortaanik allat aarlerisaarniarlugit illersorniarlugillu aarlerisaarummik oqaatsinik arlalinnik allassimasumik (kalaallisut, qallunaatut tuluttullu) HF syre-mik atuinermik ersersitsisumik isaarissani tamani nivinngaasoqassaaq, HF laboratoria parnaarsaatilerneqassaaq susassaqanngitsut (pikkorissarsimanngitsut) isersinnaatinnagit. Sulisut tamatigut akuerisanik aaqqateqassapput, kavaajaqartinneqarlutik, isaruarsuit kemiskinut illersuutitalinnik atugaqartinneqarlutik, saaliaqummik gummiusumik atugaqartinneqarlutik aamma kiinnamut illersuuteqartinneqassapput, HF syre-nik tamanik suliaqarnerni. Aaqqatit tamarmik HF syremut naammattumik illersuisanngillat. Aaqqatit pitsaalluinnartut butyl-imit imaluunniit neopren gummi-mit sanaat pisariaqartinneqarput. Aaqqatit illugiit marluk atorneqarnissaat innersuussutigineqarpoq syre 20% sinnerlugu akuissusilinnik suliaqarniaraanni imaluunniit aaqqatit qaavi syremik annertuumik attuinissaat naatsersuutigineqaraangat. Teknikerit sungiusarneqassapput aaqqatit ussiinnersut misissoqqaartarnissaannik. Imminut illersuutinik atuisarnissap siunertarivaa sulisup assersuuteqartinneqarnissaa, siunertarineqanngitsumik aalamik aniasoortoqarneratigut, kuisisoornerni imaluunniit allatut ajutoornermi. Imminut illersuutit isumannaatsumik sulinissamut sungiusarnissamullu taartigineqanngillat. HF syremik passussinerni ajutoorneq pinngitsoorneqanngiivissinnaanngikkaluartoq piareersarluarnerup ajutoornernik kingunerisai millisissinnaavai sukkasuumik isumannaatsumillu qisuariartoqartillugu. 6.5 HF-MIT AJUQUSERNEQ HF-mik attuinerit ajoqusernernik kinguneqarsinnaagaluartut sukkasuumik qisuariarnerup ajoquserneq millisissinnaavaa. Ajoqusernerit tamarmik ingerlaannaq passunneqartariaqarput, naak uunerit nalunaaquttani arlalinni malugeqqaarneqanngikkaluartut. Hf-mut ikiueqqaarnemut atortut niuerfinni pissarsiarineqarsinnaasut aamma kuisoorinerni taassuminnga ka- True North Gems Inc.

177 tersuilluni atortussat laboratoriani taassuminnga atuisunit toqqortaatilinnilu nalinginnartut atortussamaatigineqassapput. Atortussamaatit taakku piffissami akuttoqatigiimmi misissorneqartassapput, atortullu asiujasut killissarititaat tikitsinnagu taarserneqartassallutik. Sulisut isikkut, anersaartuutitigut uusoornernilu tamani ajoquserneri nakorsanit malittaritinneqassapput, uusoornerit annikinnerpaat kisiisa pinnagit. Sulisut tamarmik isumannaallisaanermut periutsinik malitassianillu ilinniartinneqassapput, periaasissallu taakku atortussiallu isumannaallisaanermut paasissutissartaat laboratoriami takoriaannaassapput. Isumannaallisaanermut paasissutissartaat nakorsiartarfimmiitinneqassapput aamma nakorsat allaffianniitinneqarlutik sukkasuumik eqqortumillu passunneqarnissaq isumannaarniarlugu. Amikkut attuineq Kalerrisaarut laboratoriamiittoq tooruk ikiortissannik kalerriillutit. Attorneqarfiit tamaasa imermik salikkit, isinut serpartaavik, kuutsitsivik serpartaatitalik imaluunniit asaffik laboratoriamiittoq atorlugu. Atisat pinnersaatillu HF syremik unitsitsisinnaasut piikkit (isaruarsuit kingullertut peerneqassapput). Amit minuttini 15-ni kuutsitsiffigiuk imaluunniit nakorsamit taamaateqqusinissap tungaanut. Salinneqareerpat ajoquserfik tarnutissamik calcium gluconat-imik minutit 15-nikkaarlugit tagiartuullugu tarnuguk aaqqatit gummiusut atorlugit, taanna ajoqusernerni ikiuutissani pooqqavoq. Inuit ataasiakkaat nalinginnaasumik HF syremik suliaqartartut calcium gluconat-imik angerlarsimaffianniititaqarnissaat piumasaqaatigineqassaaq, HF syremit ajoqusernermut ilisarnaatit kingusissukkut takkussinnaasarmata. Isinut pisoortitsineq Kalerrisaarut laboratoriamiittoq ikiortissarsiorniarlutit tooruk. Salittarfimmukarit tassanilu isitit ammatillugit minutsini 15-ini imermik kuutsitsiffigikkit. Nakorsamik ikiortissarsiorit. Nakorsat taassumaluunniit ikiortai erngerlutik takkussimagunik isit imermik minutsini tallimanik sivikinnerunngitsumik kuutsitsiffigereerlugit calcium gluconatimik steriliusumik 1%-mik akuissusilimmik ataavartumik kuseriarfigineqaqattaassapput. Ilummut anersaarussineq Laboratoriamiit anigit silaannarissarlutillu piffissaq siulleq atorlugu. Kalerrisaarut tooruk ikiortissarsiorniarlutit. Napparsimmavimmiut imaluunniit isumannaallisaanissamut ikiortit iltilersuissapput ajoqusertorlu calcium gluconatimik (serpartaatikkut) tunillugu. Silaannarissumiinnissaq qulakkeeruk aamma kuisisoornermik saleeriarneq pisinnagu imminut illersuutit atorneqarnissaat qulakkeerneqassaaq. HF-ip aalaanik malussarniut nipiliulereersimassaaq sulisut kalerrillugit laboratoriami silaannap ulorianarsinnaaneranik. Sulisut laboratoriamut kuisoortoqarnerani saliiartussanngillat sungiusarsimanngikkunik. Laboratoriap silataaniissapput tigoriaannaallutik atisassat syremit pitarneqarsinnaanngitsut. 6.6 HF SYRE ISUMANNAATSUMIK ATORNISSAANUT PERIUSISSAT Isumannaalisaanermut suleriaasissat uku sulisunut atuutinneqassapput pisariaqarfiatigullu ilaartorlugit. 1. HF syre taamaallaat atorneqassaaq minnerpaamik ilisimasalik alla ataaseq kalerrinneqarsimappat qanittumiippallu. 2. Laboratoriami sulisut tamarmik, HF syremik atuisussat kisiisa pinnagit, HF syrep ulorianassusaanik ilisimatinneqassapput ajutoortoqarpallu qanoq ilioriaasissanik pisariaqartunik ilisimatinneqarlutik. Allagartaq oqaatsinik arlalinnik atuisoq nivinngarneqassaaq HF syremik sulinermik paasissutissiisumik. 3. Kikkut tamarmik HF syremik atuiniartut taassuma piginnaasaanik ilisimatinneqassapput atornissaanut aamma iginnissaanut periutsinik eqqortunik paasitinneqarlutik. 4. Saliisarfimmi imermik serpartaat isinullu saliiffik inissinneqassapput. HF syremik iliuusissat aallartitsinnagit ajutoornermi asaffissanut aqqutissat assersorsimannginnissaat qulakkeerneqassaaq True North Gems Inc.

178 5. Sulisut nutaat HF syremik atuinissaminnut suliakkinngisaannarneqassapput. Sulisut misilittagallit kisimik taassuma piginnaasaanik ilisimaarinnittut aamma TNG-p ilitsersuutaanik ilisimaarinnittut kisimik syremik akuitsumik passusseqqusaapput. 6. Kalkimik imaluunniit sodamik laboratoriami piareersimasoqassaaq Hf-mik imerpalasumik kimeerutsitsisussamik. Taanna stinkskabimut qanittumi inissisimassaaq. HF syre arrortitaq stinkskabemiit kuisoorneqarsimappat, taanna kalkimik imaluunniit sodamik salinneqassaaq. Ini inuerutsinneqassaaq, sulisullu eqqortut atisat illersuutissat atissavaat kuisoornerillu imermik aamma kimeerutsitsissummik arrortitamik/pulverimik asallugu HF syrep sinnera peerniarlugu. Kuisoorneq tankimut kimeerutsitsivimmut pingaarnermut inissinneqassaaq siaruaatinnginnissaa anguniarlugu. Sulisut saliinissamut sungiusarsimasut kisimik saleeqqusaapput. Laboratoria silaannarissaammik atortorissaaserneqassaaq aqunneqartumik, sukkasuumik atisat illersuutillit atisinnaanngorlugit aarlerinanngitsumillu ateqqasinnaanissaat siunertaralugu HF syremik saliisoqalerpat. 7. Sulisut tamarmik imminut illersuutinik tulluuttunik atugaqartinneqassapput teknikkikkullu nakkutilliissutinik HF syremik suliaqarnerni. 8. HF syremik ajoqusernerit tamarmik nakorsanit nalilersorneqartassapput True North Gems Inc.

179 APPENDIX 3C RENSNING AF KORUND KONCENTRAT MED HF (DANSK) True North Gems Inc.

180 APPENDIX 3C RENSNING AF KORUND KONCENTRAT MED HF 1. OVERBLIK Korund koncentratet produceret i minens procesanlæg (refererer til REP0011 Procesplan) vil bestå af korund blandet med og hæftet til en række andre mineraler, som skal fjernes fra korund før sortering. Disse mineraler vil almindeligvis inkludere silikater såsom amfiboler, glimmer, feldspat, olivin og granat. Selv med potentiel indførelse af tyngdeseparation eller anden teknologi, er det forventet at rensningsstadiet vil være nødvendigt under minens levetid, før korund vil være ren nok, for at kunne blive nøjagtigt sorteret ved farve og klarhed i de krævede graderinger ved salg (se REP 0014 Gemstone Marketing revideret). Helt enkelt, når ikke-korund materiale er hæftet til korundkrystaller, vil lyset ikke passere igennem krystallet og derfor bliver det ineffektivt for sortererne at forsøge at bestemme korrekt kategori. Det er også tilfældet med diamanter, der rutinemæssigt renses med enten HF syre (flussyre) eller i en proces, der kaldes kaustisk fusion. Kaustisk fusion, selv om den er mere almindelig end rensning med flussyre, er ikke egnet til rensning af korund. I overensstemmelse hermed har TNG over adskillige år testet metodologien for rensning af korund baseret på erfaringer fra diamant industrien. TNG har diskuteret rensning af korund med Activation Laboratories Ltd., fra Ancaster, Canada, om mulighederne for at anvende de eksisterende faciliteter, som er placeret i industrikvarteret Issortarfimmut i Nuuk. Actlabs har besluttet at de eksisterende faciliteter, med ekstra sikkerhedsudstyr, skulle være tilstrækkelige for at rense de mængder af korund koncentrat, der forventes i de to første år med produktion. I overensstemmelse herved, er det TNG s plan at arbejde sammen med Actlabs for at udvikle sikkerheds- og procesprotokoller og anvende de eksisterende faciliteter i projektets tidlige stadie, og for at anvende den viden til at designe separate (eller udvide) faciliteter, som vil blive anvendt i projektets senere stadium. Selv om rensning er foretaget af Actlabs i deres eksisterende faciliteter eller i TNG s faciliteter, er proces- og sikkerhedsprocedurer de samme og er beskrevet i dette dokument. 2. GENEREL PROCES De mest almindelige mineraler associeret med korund er medlemmer af en mineralfamilie kendt som silikater. Dette betyder, at silicium atomer danner almindelige stoffer og bindinger. Heldigvis opløses silikater nemt i HF syre. HF syre er, ligesom alle syrer et farligt kemikalium, som må håndteres forsigtigt. HF syre er almindeligt anvendt industrielt, såsom at opløse oxid urenheder i rustfrit stålindustrien, i fremstilling af medicinalvarer, i olieraffinaderier, såvel som i processering af mineraler inklusive rensning af diamanter. Processen som udviklet af TNG og Actlabs er baseret på processer anvendt af Saskatchewan Research Council (SRC) i deres diamant laboratorium i Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, og af De Beers i deres diamant proceslaboratorier placeret i deres miner rundt om i verden og i deres kontor beliggende i London. SRC har siden 2005 renset grønlandsk korund med HF syre, både for analyser af borekerner og rensning af bulk prøve materialer, der efterfølgende blev poleret. Kent Ellemers, der designede De Beers s efterforsknings faciliteter i Kimberley, Sydafrika, blev konsulteret og medvirkede til at designe procesfaciliteterne og i sikkerhedsprotokoller som sat op i dette dokument. Den konceptuelle proces er ret simpel: korund, der skal renses, deles i to passende mængder og placeres i syrefaste beholdere. HF syre tilsættes til beholderne, beholderne lukkes (forsegles ikke), beholderne lades ryste for en periode. HF syren hældes ud efter at det har opløst silikaterne. Det rensede korund koncentrat renses med vand, og både rensevandet og produkter- True North Gems Inc.

181 ne i opløsningen (resterende HF væske og opløste faste stoffer) neutraliseres med billigt og mildt alkalint materiale, som læsket kalk (Ca(OH) 2). Efter neutralisering med læsket kalk producerer HF syre-rensevæsken to produkter: (1) Et fast bundfald (slam) bestående primært af SiO 2 (Silicium), Al 2O 3 (aluminiumoxid) og CaF 2 (calcium fluorid), disse er relativt uopløseligt og mild. Slammet filtreres i de fleste laboratorier, tørres og bortskaffes som affald i almindelige lossepladser. (2) En væske opløsning bestående af relativt lave koncentrationer af visse opløste metaller som, kromium, jern og magnesium. Denne opløsning er generelt fortyndet og hældes i kommunale kloakrensningsanlæg. Fordi Actlabs og TNG fortsætter arbejdet med at optimere rensningsprocessen, er det endnu ikke kendt, om residualproduktet fra rensningsprocessen vil opfylde grønlandske standarder for affald. Indtil flere data er tilgængelige, og man opfylder betingelser for bortskaffelse, agter Actlabs og TNG at udskibe alle resisualprodukter ud af Grønland, højst sandsynligt Danmark. 3. HF HÅNDTERINGSUDSTYR Mens den industrielle proces er ligefrem, må der tages forholdsregler for at beskytte arbejderne og miljøet fra at blive skadet af HF syre. Det primære problem er, at HF syre, selv om den er kemisk svag, vil opløse de fleste metaller og glas. Derfor må HF syren opbevares i beholdere lavet af polyethylen, polypropylen, polyvinyliden fluorid (PVDF) eller teflon. Det inkluderer ikke bare de aktuelle beholdere, der holder på korundkoncentratet der skal renses, men også HF syre opbevaring, rør og luftfilter systemer. Heldigvis er disse materialer almindeligt anvendte i laboratorieudstyr, og i tilfælde af polyethylen ret billige. 3.1 Damphætte/stinkskab Standard laboratorie damphætter/stinkskabe, såsom det viste model konstrueret af Fabricated Limited i Canada er designet til at integrere de nødvendige syrehåndterings egenskaber/enheder, der er nødvendige for sikkert og effektivt at rense korund koncentratet med HF syre. Karakteristiske egenskaber inkluderer: Høj syre resistens Integreret belysning for at skaffe sikre håndteringsbetingelser Fange giftige gasarter ved at fastholde kontinuerligt negativt tryk inden for stinkskabet True North Gems Inc.

182 Luft renser En integreret luftrenser er inkorporeret og som tvinger al luft, der cirkulerer gennem stinkskabet i serier af rensnings plastik rør. Disse enheder er løbende overrislet med en neutraliserende opløsning (en blanding af vand og neutraliserende base). Eftersom HF syre er højt opløseligt, vil al residual HF syre, både som små dråber eller i gas fase blive opløst i opløsningen og blive neutraliseret. Den rensede luft kan så sikkert udledes til atmosfæren, og affaldsneutraliserende opløsning er håndteret på samme måde som de neutraliserede produkter fra selve syrerensningsprocessen. Surheden (ph) af den neutraliserende opløsning overvåges løbende. 3.3 Væske neutralisering Væskeaffaldet fra rensningsprocessen (syre affald, opløste silikater og rensevandet) og spildevandet fra luftrenseren vil indføres i polyethylen tanken indeholdende en læsket kalk slam eller lignende neutraliserende stof. Indføringen vil blive kontrolleret for at sikre, at varmen fra reaktionen ikke forårsager udsivning af overskud af gas og at sprøjtning ikke sker. Tanken vil blive rystet let. Efter at spild opløsningen er blevet neutraliseret på den måde, er det ikke længere surt og udgør ikke længere sundheds- eller sikkerhedsrisiko. True North Gems Inc.

183 Gasagtig produkt af læsket kalk neutraliseringsprocessen er damp, som kan udledes sikkert i atmosfæren. 3.4 Bortskaffelse af neutraliseret væske ph af neutraliserende slamopløsning vil blive overvåget; opløsningen vil blive udskiftet i passende intervaller. Den brugte opløsning vil blive filtreret for at fjerne faste stoffer (slam), der kommer fra neutraliseringsreaktionen, der primært består af CaF 2. Dette vil blive gjort af en standard filterpresse, såsom en vist forneden. Det resulterende produkt af filterpressen er så tørret i en standard laboratorieovn og bliver til et inert, uopløseligt pulver, som hvis det tillades, kan bortskaffes i en kommunal losseplads. Væsken der er til rest efter filtrering indeholder visse opløste substanser såsom kromium, jern og magnesium. Testarbejdet er for tiden ved at blive udført for at bestemme, om væsken kan behandles for at kunne blive bortskaffet i Nuuks lokale kloaksystem. Hvis dette ikke er muligt eller praktisk, vil væsken blive fordampet og resten blive transporteret til passende faciliteter, formentlig i Danmark. 4. RENSNINGS PROCESSEN Det urene korund koncentrat (korund sammen med fastsiddende silikater) fra minen vil blive leveret til TNS s sorteringshus i Nuuk. Korund koncentratet vil så gennemgå følgende trin, før det returneres til TNG s sorteringshus i Nuuk som rent korund koncentrat (stort set fri for silikat urenheder) og klar til at blive sorteret. 4.1 Placere urent koncentrat i rensebeholdere i TNG s sorteringsfacilitet I TNG s sorteringsfacilitet vil urent korundkoncentrat blive delt i mængder af ca. 4 kg eller mindre og blive placeret i plastik beholdere. Disse beholdere vil blive lavet specifikt for TNG s rensningsproces. Beholderne vil have masker af plastik i den ene ende, som vil tillade HF syre og rensevand løbe ind og ud af beholderen, mens den beholder alt korund større end 1,7 mm (minimum størrelse som er kommerciel) inde i flasken. Beholderne vil blive fabrikeret, så de kan have HF syrefast sikkerhedsforsegling sat på i TNG s sorteringsfacilitet for at sikre, at hvilken som helst forsøg på forfalskning vil være tydelig. Disse segl vil også tillade, at hver batch af koncentrat kan spores gennem hele rensnings- og graderingsprocessen. 4.2 Transport til rensningsfaciliteten De forseglede beholdere indeholdende urent korund koncentrat vil blive transporteret til HF syre rensningsfaciliteten. Rensningsfaciliteten vil simpelt bestå af et rum indeholdende stinkskab, såvel som luftrenser samt væske neutraliseringsudstyr. True North Gems Inc.

184 Dette laboratorium/hf rensningsrum vil være separat fra resten af rensningsfacilitetsbygningen; det vil også indeholde specialiseret HF syre sensorer. I de tilfælde, hvor sensorerne sporer HF syre i luften over de tilladte grænseværdier, vil en alarm lyde og luftrenseren i stinkskabet vil køre på fuld fart for at fjerne så meget HF syre som muligt fra laboratorieluften. Rummet vil også indeholde spildopsamlingsudstyr, rensebruser, øjenvaskestationer og andet nødudstyr til behandling af utilsigtet HF syre spild eller eksponering. 4.3 Placere beholdere i stinkskabet Rensebeholderne vil blive placeret i stinkskabet på specielt designede stativer, som langsomt vil rulle beholderne for at ryste korund. Rensningslaboratoriets personale (laboratorieteknikere) vil modtage HF syre træning og vil blive udstyret med passende værnemidler (PPE), såsom handsker, forklæder, sikkerhedsbriller og ansigtsskjold. Laboratorieteknikerne vil tilsætte passende mængder af HF syre i rensebeholderne inde i stinkskabet. Eftersom syre rensningsprocessen kan forårsage hurtig opvarmning, vil syren blive tilsat langsomt. Systemet kan designes til at tilsætte syren i passende doser (såsom 100 ml ad gangen) med nødvendig forsinkelse mellem doseringerne. En tæller kan tilføjes systemet for at simplificere opgørelse af syremængderne; dette forhindrer, at for meget syre bliver tilsat på en gang, og vil forhindre at teknikerne tilsætter doserne for hurtigt. Rensningsbeholderen (sandsynligvis adskillige beholdere) vil så blive sat på stativerne for at blive rystet i en forudbestemt opholdstid; dette vil afhænge af partikelstørrelser af korund, der er i beholderne. 4.4 Neutralisere og rensningsbeholdere Når syrerensningen har fortsat i passende tid, vil laboratorieteknikerne (med værnemidler) fjerne rensningsbeholderen fra stativet og omhælde den næsten brugte HF syre (som nu indeholder opløste mineraler) i en vask inde i stinkskabet. Rensningsbeholderen vil så fyldes med vand (og muligvis en svag neutraliserende opløsning) og stilles tilbage i stativet for at blive rystet for rensning for en periode. Når rensningstiden er fuldført, vil rensevandet blive omhældt i den samme vask og repetere rensningsprocessen. Efter den anden (og endelige) interne rensning, vil ydersiderne af rensningsbeholderne og indersiden af stinkskabet blive renset grundigt med vand. Al rensningsvæske vil løbe ind i vaskafløbet, der sidder på bunden af stinkskabet. 4.5 Fjerne koncentrat fra handskekasse Efter at rensningen er blevet fuldført vil man lade beholderne og stinkskabet stå og lufte for en periode. Når det er gjort, kan koncentratet fjernes sikkert fra stinkskabet. Sporingssystemet kan opdateres for at vise, at HF syre processen er fuldført, og beholderne kan sendes tilbage til sorteringshuset for sortering. 4.6 Neutralisere og rense affaldsprodukterne Affaldsprodukterne (fortyndet HF, rensevand, opløste salte, opløsningsslam osv.) er alle sammen løbet ud i vaskeafløbet, der sidder på bunden af stinkskabet. Dette afløb vil fjerne brugt væske fra rensningsprocessen og forberede det for rensning og neutralisering. Efter anbringelse i stinkskabets vask, vil affaldsopløsningen blive ført ind i en polyethylen tank indeholdende vand og læsket kalk (eller lignende neutraliserende stof). Denne proces vil forsigtigt blive kontrolleret for at sikre, at den varme der dannes ved neutraliseringsreaktionen ikke forårsager overdreven afgasning (skumning) og at der ikke sker sprøjtning. Tanken vil forsigtigt blive rystet for at hjælpe med neutraliseringsreaktionen. Når den tilbageblevne HF opløsning er blevet neutraliseret er det ikke længere surt og væsken inde i tanken udgør ikke længere risiko for sundhed og sikkerhed True North Gems Inc.

185 Det gasformige produkt af neutraliseringsprocessen er simpel damp som kan udledes sikkert i atmosfæren. Ingen sure gasser vil blive afgivet under neutraliseringsprocessen, så der ikke bliver behov for endnu en luftrenserenhed før udledning. 4.7 Endelig bortskaffelse af affald Den ph neutrale og milde affaldsopløsning vil blive passeret igennem en standard laboratoriefilterpresse for at fjerne faste stoffer der måtte være (se afsnit 3.3 for mere beskrivelse af denne proces). Disse faste stoffer bliver så samlet, tørret og pakket i tromler for bortskaffelse. Resterende væske vil efter filtrering indeholde et antal opløste substanser, som hvis de kommunale regler tillader, vil blive bortskaffet i det lokale kloaksystem. Hvis regulativerne ikke tillader dette, vil alt affald blive transporteret ud af Grønland for bortskaffelse. 4.8 Modtagesstationer Før miljøsikkerheden af bortskaffelse af de faste stoffer er bevist, vil affaldsproduktet af HF rensningen blive transporteret ud af Grønland for bortskaffelse. For at formalisere proceduren er der etableret kontakter til Kommunekemi A/S i Danmark. Kommunekemi A/S, CVR: Lindholmsvej Nyborg Danmark Telefon: Mail: [email protected] [email protected] Fax: Web: Kontakt Person: Bjarne Damsgaard, Mobil: Mail: [email protected] En kontrakt vil blive udarbejdet mellem TNG og Kommunekemi. Kommunekemi, med partnere I Nuuk for at facilitere deres kunder, vil sørge for at materialerne transporteres sikkert fra laboratoriet til havnen. Fra havnen vil Royal Arctic Line A/S transportere materialet til Aalborg, Danmark, og deraf vil en operatør sørge for den videre transport af materialet til Kommunekemi. Kommunekemi vil varetage al administration I forbindelse med transporten OVERVÅGNING Rensningsfaciliteten vil blive overvåget i et antal steder. Luften i rensningsfaciliteten vil blive overvåget af et HF syre sensor system. Hvis luften overskrider en fastsat grænse, vil alarmen lyde og luftrenseren vil køre på fuld fart for at fjerne HF syren fra luften så hurtigt som muligt. ph (surheden) af neutraliseringsopløsningen læsket kalk anvendt til at neutralisere udledning fra stinkskabet, vil blive overvåget for at kunne bestemme, om opløsningen behøver at blive ændret. På samme måde, ph af den neutraliserende opløsning inde i luftrenseren vil blive overvåget for at bestemme, om den neutraliserende opløsning behøver at blive ændret. Hvis bortskaffelse til kloaksystemet bliver tilladt ved en forordning, vil udledning af væske til kommunalt kloaksystem blive løbende overvåget for HF syre, tunge metaller og andre sporelementer, der nærmer sig grønlandske grænseværdier for udledning. Faste stoffer der kommer fra filtrering af den neutraliserede opløsning vil blive prøvetaget og testes periodisk for tilstedeværelse af opløselige komponenter. True North Gems Inc.

186 SIKKERHEDSPROCEDURER 6.1 INTRODUKTION HF syre har en række af kemiske, fysiske og toksikologiske egenskaber, som gør håndtering af den farligt. Selv om kemikere betragter HF syre som en svag syre på grund af den kemiske binding i forbindelsen, overgår dens potentiale til at producere alvorlige virkninger på helbred stort de stærke syrer, der almindeligvis anvendes i laboratorier. HF syre deler de korrosive egenskaber som er almindelige blandt mineral syrer, men er unik med hensyn til dens evne til at forårsage dyb ødelæggelse af væv og hypokalkæmi. Alle former inklusive opløsning og damp kan forårsage forbrænding af væv, som er utrolig smertende og er meget langsomt helende. 6.2 KEMISKE EGENSKABER: HF syre er klar og farveløs med densitet der svarer til vands. Det mest kendte egenskab for HF syre er dens evne til at opløse glas. Den vil også angribe glaseringer, emalje, lertøj, beton, gummi, læder, mange metaller (specielt støbejern) og organiske forbindelser. Ved reaktion med metaller, kan eksplosive gasser dannes som biprodukt. 6.3 TOKSIKOLOGISKE EGENSKABER: De unikke toksikologiske egenskaber for HF syre skyldes virkning af fluorid ionen. Fluorid ion forårsager mild vævs nekrose (som alkali skade) og skader knogle ved at binde calcium og fluorid ioner; syren er akut og kronisk toksisk. Akutte virkninger ved at blive udsat for HF syre inkluderer ekstreme åndedræts irritationer, øjeblikkelig og alvorlig øjenskade samt væskeansamling i lunge. Hudberøring med HF syre er den mest almindelige rute for udsættelse for laboratoriepersonale (ofte under fingernegle), imidlertid kan HF syre også forårsage skade gennem berøring med øjne, indånding eller indtagelse. Berøringer med koncentreret (>50%) HF syre opløsninger vil forårsage øjeblikkelige, alvorlige og gennemtrængende forbrændinger. Berøringer med mindre koncentrerede opløsninger kan have lignende alvorlige virkninger, men symptomernes opståen kan være forsinket med op til 8 timer for koncentrationer på 20-50% og op til 24 timer for koncentrationer mindre end 20% HF. Koncentreret HF syreforbrændinger kan være dødbringende, selv om kun 2% (~50 cm 2 ) af legemet bliver udsat. 6.4 KONTROL FOR BERØRING/INDÅNDING, VÆRNEMIDLER OG AR- BEJDSPRAKSIS: Øvre gænseværdi der ikke må overstiges og som fastsat af The American Conference of Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH), samt tidsvægtet gennemsnitlig grænse for indånding (OSHA TWA) fastsat af USA Occupational Safety and Health Administration for HF syre er 3 ppm. Derfor vil rensningsfaciliteterne være godt ventilerede og alt arbejde med koncentreret HF syre vil blive udført inde i stinkskabet. For at advare og beskytte andre om HF syre risici, vil et flersproget (Grønlandsk, dansk og engelsk) advarselsskilt, der indikerer anvendelse af HF syre blive hængt op ved alle indgange, og adgangslåse vil blive tilpasset HF laboratoriet for at forhindre uautoriseret (utrænet) adgang. Arbejderne vil altid bære godkendte handsker, laboratoriefrakke, kemiske sikkerhedsbriller, gummiforklæder og ansigtsskærme, når der arbejdes med alle HF opløsninger. Ikke alle handsker giver tilstrækkelig beskyttelse mod HF; højkvalitetshandsker lavet af butyl eller neopren gummi er nødvendige. To par handsker er anbefalet at bruge, når der arbejdes med koncentrationer over 20% eller når kraftig berøring af ydre dele af handskerne er forventet. Teknikerne vil blive trænet til altid at tjekke handsker før brug for lækage. True North Gems Inc.

187 Hensigten med at bære personlige værnemidler er at skærme individet i tilfælde af utilsigtet udslip af damp, spild eller andet uheld. Personlige værnemidler er ikke erstatninger for en sikker arbejdspraksis og træning. Selv om ulykker, der involverer Hf syre ikke helt kan undgås, vil planlægning minimere virkninger af sådanne uheld og tillade hurtig og sikker handling. 6.5 BERØRING AF HF Selv om berøring af HF kan resultere i skader, kan hurtig handling minimere skaden. Alle tilfælde bør blive behandlet øjeblikkeligt, selv om forbrændinger ikke kan føles i timevis. Kommercielt tilgængelig HF førstehjælpsudstyr og spildopsamlingsudstyr skal være standard udstyr i laboratorier, der anvender eller opbevarer HF. Disse skal tjekkes regelmæssigt og udstyr der let går til, skal erstattes før udløbsdato. Skadet personale skal have medicinsk opmærksomhed ved alle øjenberøringer og indåndinger, og alle forbrændinger i hud, bortset fra de allermindste. Hele personalet vil blive instrueret i disse sikkerhedsprotokoller og procedurer, og en kopi af disse procedurer og sikkerhedsdatabladene vil være lettilgængelige i laboratoriet. En kopi af sikkerhedsdatabladet vil være til rådighed i sygehusets skadestue og lægens kontor, for at sikre at en hurtig og passende behandling anvendes. Skind kontakt Tryk på ulykkesalarmknappen i laboratoriet for at tilkalde hjælp. Vask alle udsatte områder med vand ved at bruge øjenvask stationen, bruseren eller vasken i laboratoriet. Fjern tøj eller smykker, der kan fange HF syre (fjern sikkerhedsbriller som det sidste). Skyl huden i femten minutter eller indtil tilstedeværende medicinsk stab antyder noget andet. Efter rensning, anvend calcium gluconat gele fra HF ulykkespakken til det berørte område (brug gummi handsker) for hver femten minutter og masser det løbende ind i huden. Personer, der regelmæssigt arbejder med HF vil blive krævet om at have en tube af calcium gluconat derhjemme, idet symptomer for HF berøring/indånding ofte er forsinkede. I øjne - Tryk på ulykkesalarmknappen i laboratoriet for at tilkalde hjælp. Gå til vaskestationen og skyl øjnene mindst i femten minutter med vand samtidig med at holde øjenlågene åbne. Søg medicinsk hjælp. Hvis medicinsk personale øjeblikkeligt er til rådighed, skal de give steril calcium gluconat (1%) opløsning (via kontinuerlig dryp i øjnene) efter skylning i ikke mindre end 5 minutter. Indånding Kom ud af laboratoriet og ud til frisk luft, så snart det er muligt. Tryk på ulykkesalarmknappen for at tilkalde hjælp. Få medicinsk hjælp. Medicinsk eller sikkerhedspersonale kan give rent ilt og calcium gluconat (via spray) til patienten. Vær sikker på, at der er god ventileret luft til rådighed, og at personlige værnemidler anvendes, før der forsøges at rydde op efter spild af HF syre. HF damp alarmen vil også have lydt for at advare andre fra personalet om, at luften inde i laboratoriet potentielt er farlig. Ingen fra personalet skal gå ind i laboratoriet for at rydde op på spildet/lækagen uden specifik træning. En fuldt HF uigennemtrængelig dragt vil være til øjeblikkelig rådighed uden for laboratoriet. 6.6 SPECIFIKKE PROCEDURER FOR AT BRUGE FLUSSYRE SIKKERT Følgende sikkerheds praksis for medarbejdere vil blive implementeret og suppleret som passende. 1. HF syre må kun bruges, hvis mindst en anden med viden er blevet advaret og er i umiddelbar nærhed. 2. Alle fra laboratoriepersonalet, og ikke bare dem, der vil bruge HF syre, vil blive informeret om farerne ved HF syre og om de nødvendige ulykkesprocedurer i tilfælde af ulykke. Et flersproget skilt vil blive sat op for at advare folk om, at arbejde med HF syre er i gang. 3. Alle personer, der vil bruge HF syre vil blive gjort opmærksom på dens egenskaber og blive trænet i de rigtige procedurer for anvendelse og bortskaffelse True North Gems Inc.

188 4. En sikkerhedsbruser og øjenskyl vil blive installeret i rensningsrummet. Før der begyndes med procedurer, der involverer HF syre, skal der være fri og uhindret adgang til bruser til brug ved ulykker og øjenvask. 5. Nye medarbejdere skal aldrig blive givet opgaver med brug af HF syre opløsninger. Kun erfarne personer, der er vidende om dens egenskaber og TNG protokoller må håndtere koncentreret syre. 6. Et forråd af kalk eller soda skal være tilgængelig i laboratoriet for øjeblikkelig neutralisering af spildt HF væske. Dette vil blive opbevaret tæt på stinkskabet, hvor arbejdet vil blive udført. Hvis noget HF syre opløsning er spildt ud af stinkskabet, vil det blive rengjort ved at anvende pulver kalk eller soda. Rummet vil så blive evakueret, rette medarbejdere vil tage beskyttelsesdragter på og spild kan vaskes med vand og neutraliserende opløsning/pulver for at fjerne al spor af HF syre. Spildet vil blive bortskaffet til den primære neutraliseringstank for at undgå yderligere kontaminering. Kun specielt trænede personer vil blive tilladt at rense spild. Laboratoriet vil blive udstyret med en internt kontrolleret luftforsyning for at tillade hurtig klargøring og betryggende anvendelse af passende dragter, når der skal renses efter spild af HF syre. 7. Medarbejderne vil altid bruge passende personlige værnemidler og tekniske kontroller når der arbejdes med HF syre. 8. Alle skader forårsaget af HF syre skal evalueres medicinsk True North Gems Inc.

189 APPENDIX 4A ASSESSMENT OF FERROSILICON IN THE DMS PROCESS (ENGLISH) True North Gems Inc.

190 MEMO Job A new ruby mine at Aappaluttoq Customer True North Memo no. 01 Date 06/05/2013 From Rambøll Assessment of Ferrosilicon in the DMS process Date 06/05/2013 In the processing plant a process called Dense Media Separation (DMS) will be used to separate the corundum from the other minerals. During this process Ferrosilicon is added. Ferrosilicon is an alloy consisting of Iron, Silicon, Titanium and Aluminium. Furthermore the product contains <1 % impurities. The impurities may be Chromium (Cr), Magnesium (Mg), Manganese (Mn), Vanadium (Vn), Nickel (Ni), Copper (Cu), Zirconium (Zr) and Molybdenum (Mo). A small part of the Ferrosilicon will adhere to the waste rock during the separation process and will be deposited in the lake. Ramboll Hannemanns Allé 53 DK-2300 Copenhagen S Denmark T F The following is a brief description of the product, its use in the process and an estimation of the potential release of heavy metals and trace elements in the lake due to the depositing of the Ferrosilicon on the lake floor. General Applications Ferrosilicon has been used for decades in the diamond mining industry, specifically for the separation of diamonds from the host rock following the initial crushing process. To create a process material, ferrosilicon powder is mixed with water that creates a slurry with a Specific Gravity of approximately 2.7. When this slurry is mixed with the diamond-bearing rock and pumped through a cyclone, the actions of the cyclone cause the heavy minerals to sink and the lighter materials to float. 1. Process Applications for the Aappoluttoq Process The process noted above will be used for Aappoluttoq Ruby Project to separate the rubies from the waste rock. The ferrosilicon that adheres to both the sink and the float material is washed off by 1/4 Rambøll Danmark A/S DK reg.no Member of FRI

191 using a wet screening method. From the screening process the ferrosilicon is recovered, recycled and reused. A small amount, approximately ~ 100g per ton of ore processed, is not recovered and will, in the case of the floats, be transferred to the tailings impoundment facility. In the case of this project the tailings impoundment facility will be the East Basin of Lake Ukkaata Qaava. The total amount of ferrosilicon discharged into the lake will be approximately 12 tons over the life of the project, which equates to approximately 1.5 tons per year. 1.1 Physical Properties Duramet is produced as a co-product during the production of Brown Aluminum Oxide. The raw material used to produce Brown Aluminum Oxide is abrasive grade bauxite with the addition of an iron based product to adjust the iron content of the remaining Ferrosilicon. The addition of iron introduces a small amount of impurities to the product. The distribution of the elements making up the impurities can differ depending on the origin of the product. The physical composition of Ferrosilicon used in the project is a follows: Iron content % Silicon content % Titanium content % Aluminum content % Trace elements (<1% total) - Chromium, Magnesium, Manganese, Vanadium, Nickel, Copper, Zirconium and Molybdenum The material is not considered hazardous (see attached Safety Data Sheet) and when submerged in the aqueous environment of the lake, it is considered to be benign. 1.2 Estimation of the Potential Release of Heavy Metals and Trace Elements after depositing Most of the Ferrosilicon used in the Dense Media Process (DMS) is recycled in the process. However a small amount will adhere to the waste rock and will be deposited with the tailings in the lake. An estimated amount of 1.5 tons Ferrosilicon per year will be deposited together with tailings and waste rock in the Eastern basin of Lake Ukkaata Qaava. The total amount of Ferrosilicon discharged into the lake will be approximately 12 tons. The Ferrosilicon will be deposited together with the other waste products (waste rock and mine tailings) and due to the high density of the Ferrosilicon (approx. 7.0 g/cm 3 ) it settles fast and will be buried below waste rock and tailings on the lake floor. Ferrosilicon is a highly stable product having very low water solubility. The product contains % iron. The iron is present as Ferro-iron (FeII) which can be oxidized to Ferri-iron (FeIII), a process that will partly lead to dissolution of the product. However this process is oxygen-demanding, and the low oxygen concentration in water and the low diffusion rate 2/4

192 compared to air will limit the oxidation of the product to negligible rates. This means that the potential release of heavy metals through this process is very limited. The surface oxide composition of the Ferrosilicon-alloy is predominantly consisting of Sioxides and to some extent iron- and aluminium oxides /1/. This means that the Ferrosilicon is most likely dominated by a ph-dependent charge. This is generated by surface groups of Si-OH, Al-OH and Fe-OH that are being deprotonated at higher ph-values (neutral or alkaline environment), and protonated at low ph-values. At higher ph-values they take on a negative charge and will therefore increase the potential of cation adsorption. At lower phvalues the minerals are positively charged and will attract anions like chromate and molybdate /2/. The ph of the water is approx. 6, and is not changing with depth. The ph of the ferrosilicon is expected to be slightly alkaline. A certain drop in ph can lead to the release of the cations, whereas an increase in ph can lead to the release of the anions. However tests have shown that the deposited rocks and tailings is not acid generating, and the release due to a change in ph-values is not considered a problem. Due to the product being crystalline, a large fraction of the heavy metals will not be subjected to potential release as they are not surface-near. Instead they are embedded in the mineral layers and only become exposed if the Ferrosilicon is being oxidized. As mentioned the oxidation of the product will be negligible. As a result of the chemical properties and conditions the release of heavy metals and trace elements is considered small. A theoretical calculation of the maximum concentration in the lake of the single metals introduced by depositing Ferrosilicon can be calculated. An assumption is made that the whole 1 % of impurities consists of a single element (e.g. Vanadium). As mentioned an estimated total of 12 tons of Ferrosilicon is expected to be deposited over the project life span. Given the abovementioned assumption, a total of 120 kg of Vanadium will be deposited in the lake. The lake has a volume of 20 mi. m 3 water. Therefore the theoretical maximum concentration of Vanadium in the lake due to the depositing of Ferrosilicon is estimated to 6 µg/l. The calculation can be repeated for the rest of the heavy metals/trace elements, meaning that the total theoretical concentration of either of the components can be 6 µg/l given that the total impurity consists of this one element (as a worst case scenario). In the BMP (Bureau of Minerals and Petroleum) Guidelines /3/ water quality freshwater guidelines has been set to ensure a good water quality to be maintained. Guideline values have been set for 3 of the trace elements that might be found as impurities (Cr, Cu and Ni) in Ferrosilicon. As the BMP Guidelines only holds guideline values for Cr, Cu and Ni, the legislation from Denmark, Canada and Australia/New Zealand has been included. The Guideline values are shown in the table 1 below. 3/4

193 Table 1: Guideline values in freshwater for heavy metals and trace elements found as impurities in Ferrosilicon Element Guideline value (µg/l) Cr (III) 1 3 Cu 1 2 Ni 1 5 Va 2 4,1 Mo 2 67 Zr 3 4 Mn ) BMP guideline values /3/ 2) Guidelines from Danish legislation /4/ 3) Guidelines from Canadian Legislation /5/ 4) Guidelines from Australia/New Zealand /6/ If the guideline values in table 1 are compared to the theoretical maximum release of the single heavy metals/trace elements from Ferrosilicon, it becomes visible, that the limit values for Mo and Mn can never be exceeded. The Guideline values for Cr, Cu, Ni, Va and Zr can only be slightly exceeded by the theoretical maximum concentrations. These calculated concentrations are however only theoretical maximum concentrations. It is not considered likely in reality that the impurities consist solely of one element. Furthermore the chemical properties of the Ferrosilicon (as mentioned earlier) mean that only small amounts of heavy metals/impurities will be released. The release rates are further minimized by depositing the Ferrosilicon below water. In conclusion the release is considered to be negligible and not to exceed the guideline values. 2. References /1/ Huuskonen, S.; Heinala, M.; Herting, G.; Wallinder, I.O.; Santonen, T. (2012): Human Health Risk Assessment of Ferrosilicon alloys under Reach. Toxicology Letters vol /2/ Borggaard, O.K. (2001): Soil Chemistry in a Pedological Context. 5 th Revised Edition. /3/ Bureau of Minerals and Petroleum BMP Guidelines for preparing an Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) Report for Mineral Exploitation in Greenland. 2 nd Edition January /4/ Bekendtgørelse om miljøkvalitetskrav for vandområder og krav til udledning af forurenende stoffer til vandløb, søer eller havet. BEK nr af 25/08/2010. /5/ Provincial water quality objectives of the Ministry of Environment and Energy. Ontario. February /6/ Australian and New Zealand Guidelines for Fresh and Marine Water Quality. October /4

194 APPENDIX 4B FERROSILICON-I ATORLUGU DM-IMI IMMIKKOORTITERINERMI NALUNAARUSIAQ True North Gems Inc.

195 MEMO Job Aappaluttumi rubininik piiaavik nutaaq Kunde True North Memo no. 01 Dato 06/05/2013 Fra Rambøll Oqimaassuseq najoqqutaralugu immikkoortiterinermi Ferrosiliciumimik atuinermik naliliineq Sukuluiaavimmi immikkoortitseriaaseq Dense Media Separation (DMS)-mik taaguutilik korundip mineralinit allanit immikkoortinniarnerani atorneqassaaq. Immikkoortitsiniaanermi tassani Ferrosilicium ilanngunneqartarpoq. Ferrosilicium akuugaavoq akugalugit savimineq, silicium, titanium aamma aluminium. Aammattaaq atortussiaq 1 %-mit annikinnerusunik allanik ipaqarpoq. Ipatut akooqataasut ukuusinnaapput: Krom (Cr), magnesium (Mg), mangan (Mn), vanadium (V), nikkili (Ni), kanngussak (Cu), zirconium (Zr) aamma molybdæn (Mo). Ferrosilicium-ip ilamerni immikkoortitsiniaanermi ujaqqanut igitassanut rubininik akoqanngitsunut nippussuutissapput, tatsillu naqqanut inissinneqassallutik. Ataani tulliuttumi naatsumik allaaserineqarput atortussiap suunera, sumut atortarnera, immikkoortitseriaatsimi uani atorneqarnera aamma saffiugassat oqimaatsut pinngoqqaatillu annikitsumik akooqataasut tatsimut pisinneqarsinnaanerannut nalilersuineq, ferrosilicium-ip tatsip naqqanut kinnera aallaavigalugu. Nalinginnaasumik atorneqartarnera Ukiuni qulikkaani ferrosilicium diamantinik piiaavinni atorneqartareerpoq, pingaartumik qaarsoq diamantit inissisimaffiat aserorterneqareeraangat diamantit immikkoortillugit katersorneranni atorneqartarluni. Immikkoortitsissummik pilersitsiniarnermi ferrosilicium-ip qajuusaasartai imermut akulerunneratigut imerpalasoq kinertoq 2,7 g/l missiliorlugu oqimaassusilik pinngortinneqartarpoq. Imerpalasoq kinertoq taanna qaarsumik diamantinik akulinnik akuneqaruni kaavittukkoortillugu pumperunneqartarpoq, kaavittup ingerlanerata mineralit oqimaannerusut kivisittarpai oqinnerusullu puttallartittarlugit.

196 Immikkoortitseriaatsip Aappaluttumi atorneqarnera Immikkoortitseriaaseq qulaani taaneqartoq Aappaluttumi Rubininik Suliniummi atorneqassaaq, tassani rubinit ujaqqanit rubininik akoqanngitsunit immikkoortinniarneqassapput. Ferrosilicium kivisunut puttasunullu nipputtoq nakkartitsivimmi errortuinermi peerneqartarpoq. Nakkartitsivimmi ferrosilicium immikkoorteqqinneqartarpoq atoqqinneqarlunilu. Ferrosilicium-ip ilamerna, ujaqqamik rubininik akulimmut suliarisamut tonsimut 100 gram missiliorlugu annertutigisoq pissarsiareqqinngitsoorneqartarpoq, taamaalilluni puttallartut eqqarsaatigalugit taakku ilagalugit tatsimut inissiisarfimmut pisassaaq. Suliniummi uani inissiisarfik Ukkaata Qaavata tasiata tasinngortaani kangillermi inissisimassaaq. Suliniutip aallaqqaataaniit matunissaata tungaanut ingerlanerani ferrosilicium tatsimut pisinneqqartoq katillugu 12 tons missiliussavaa, tassa ukiumut 1,5 tons missiliorlugu. 1.1 Sananeqaataasa pissusaat Duramet tunisassiarineqarsimavoq Brown Aluminum Oxide-p saniatigut tunisassiaalluni. Atortussiaq Brown Aluminum Oxide-p tunisassiarineranut atorneqartoq tassaavoq silisissutitut pitsaassusilik bauxite saviminermik akulimmik akusaq, taassuminnga akunerani ferrosilicium-ip sinneruttup saviminermik akua naleqqussarneqartarpoq. Tunisassiamut saviminermik akusinerup tunisassiaq ipanik annikitsuaqqanik akoqalersippaa. Ipat akuisa pinngoqqaatinut assigiinngitsunut agguataarnerat allanngorarsinnaavoq, tunisassiap suminngaanneernera apeqqutaatillugu. Suliniummi uani ferrosilicium-ip atorneqartup sananeqaatai ukuupput: Saviminermik akui % Silicium-imik akui % Titanium-imik akui 5-10 % Aluminium-imik akui 1-5 % Annikitsumik pinngoqqaatit akooqataasut (katillugit < 1 %) ukuullutik krom, magnesium, mangan, vanadium, nikkili, kanngussak, zirconium aamma molybdæn. Atortussiaq peqqinnissamut ajoqusiisinnaasutut naatsersuutigineqanngilaq (takuuk ilanngussaq tassunga sikkerhedsdatablad), tatsimullu kivisinneqaruni ajoqusiinngitsutut nalilerneqarluni. 1.2 Inisseereernermi saffiugassanik oqimaatsunik pinngoqqaatinillu annikitsumik akooqataasunik siaruaatitsisinnaanernik missingersuineq Ferrosilicium-ip annertunersaa oqimaassuseq tunngavigalugu (Dense Media Process-imi) immikkoortitsinermi atorneqartoq immikkoortiterinermi kaaviiaartillugu atoqqinneqartassaaq. Taamaakkaluartoq taassuma annikitsortaa ujaqqanut rubininik akoqanngitsunut tatsimut inissitassanut nipputissaaq, inissiivimmilu sinnikutut inissitat akooqatigilissallugit. Ferrosilicium ukiumut 1,5 tons-itut missingersorneqartoq Ukkaata Qaavata tasiata tasinngortaani kangillermi sinnikut ilagalugit inissiivimmut

197 kinnerutissaaq. Ferrosilicium katillugit 12 tons-itut annertutigisoq tatsimut pisinneqassaaq. Ferrosilicium sinnikut allat (ujaqqat rubininik akoqanngitsut aamma akoqarnikut sinnikui) ilagalugit kinnerutissaaq, taavalu Ferrosilicium-ip oqimaassusaa (7,0 g/cm 3 missiliorlugu) pissutaalluni sukkasuumik tatsip naqqanut kivisassaaq, tatsillu naqqani ujaqqanit rubininik akoqanngitsut sinnikuinit aamma akoqarsimasut sinnikuinit matoorneqassalluni. Ferrosilicium tunisassiaavoq allanngortikkuminaatsoq imermi arriitsuaraannannguamik arrortinneqarsinnaasoq. Tunisassiaq saviminermik %-mik akoqarpoq. Saviminertaa Ferro-savimiuvoq (FeII), taannalu Ferri-saviminermut (FeII)-nngortillugu ilterneqarsinnaalluni, taamaaliorneranilu tunisassiaq ilaannakumik arrortinneqarsinnaalluni. Kisiannili taanna ilt-imik pisariaqartitsivoq, taamaammat erngup iltikitsuunera pissutigalugu aamma silaannarmiinneranut naleqqiullugu arriitsuuaraannarmik arroriartorsinnaanera pissutigalugu tunisassiap iltertinnera suunngingajattumut killeqartissavaa. Tamanna isumaqarpoq saffiugassanik oqimaatsunik uani siaruaattoqarsinnaanera killilerujussuusoq. Ferrosilicium-ip qaava oxid-inik sananeqaateqarnera pingaarnerusumik Sioxidinik aamma annikinnerusumik jern- aamma aluminiumoxidinik sananeqaateqarpoq /1/. Tamanna isumaqarpoq Ferrosilicium ilimanarnerusumik seernassuseq ph apeqqutaatillugu innaallagiaqartoq. Taanna pilersinneqartarpoq ferrosilicium-ip qaavani eqimattat Si-OH, Al-OH aamma Fe-OH annertuumik ph-qarnerani protoninik ilanngaavigineqarnerannik (avatangiisit neutraliusut aamma alkaliniusut), aammalu annikitsumik ph-qarnerani protoninik ilaneqarnerannik. ph-ni annertuuni minus-imik innaallagiaqalersarput, taamaattumillu kation-inik nipputsitsisinnaaneq periarfissaqarnerulersarluni. ph-ni annikinnerusuni mineralit plus-imik innaallagiaqassapput taamaattumillu anion-inik soorlu kromatinik aamma molybdatenik kajungerissallutik /2/. Tatsip ph-a 6 missiliorpaa itissuserlu malillugu allanngorarnani. Ferrosilicium-ip ph-a annikitsumik alkaliniunissaa ilimagineqarpoq. ph-p annikillisinneqarnerani kation-inik kaanngartoqarneranik malitseqarsinnaavoq, akerlianillu ph-p annerulernerani anion-inik kaanngartoqarneranik malitseqarsinnaalluni. Misileraanerilli takutissimavaat ujaqqat sinnikullu inissitat seernassusermik pilersitsineq ajortut, aamma seernassutsip ph-p allanngornera pissutigalugu taaneqartunik kaanngartoqartarnera ajornartorsiutitut nalilerneqanngilaq. Tunisassiap krystalitut ittuunera pissutigalugu, saffiugassat amerlanersaat kaanngartinneqarsinnaassanngillat, taakku krystallip qaavani inissisimannginnamik. Mineralit ikiariit iluini inissisimaffeqarput, taamaallaallu ferrosilicium ilterneqarpat nuisinneqartassallutik. Taaneqareersutut tunisassiap ilterneqartarnissaa pingaaruteqanngitsutut annikitsigissaaq. Kemi atuuttoq aamma kemi-p pissusai pissutigalugit saffiugassanik oqimaatsunik pinngoqqaatinillu annikinnerusumik akuusunik kaanngartoqarsinnaanera annikitsutut nalilerneqarpoq.

198 Tatsimi saffiugassat ataasiakkaat immikkut annerpaamik akuissuserisinnaasaat teorii tunngavigalugu naatsersorneqarsinnaapput, taakku ferrosilicium-ip tatsimut inissinneranit tatsimut pisinneqartuullutik. Uani aallaavittut inissinneqarpoq ipaq 1 % tamarmiusoq pinngoqqaat ataasiusoq (soorlu vanadium). Taaneqareersutut ferrosilicium 12 tonsinut missingersuussaq suliniutip ingerlanerani tatsimut kinnerutissaaq/kivissaaq. Qulaani aallaavittut inissinneqartoq atortillugu, vanadium katillugu 120 kg tatsimi kivissaaq. Taseq 20 millioner m 3 -nik imartussuseqarpoq. Taamaammat teoriikkut ferrosiliciumip tatsimut inissinnerata kingunerisaanik tatsip vanadium-imik annerpaamik akuissuserisinnaasaa 6 μg/l-tut missingerneqarpoq. Naatsersuinerit saffiugassat oqimaatsut sinnerinut/pinngoqqaatinut annikitsunik akooqataasunut aamma atorneqarsinnaapput, tamanna imatut isumaqarpoq pinngoqqaatit taakku tamarmik teorii tunngavigalugu akuissusiat 6 μg/l-iusinnaasoq, ipat pinngoqqaammik ataasiinnarmik sananeqaateqarpata (periarfissatut ajornerpaatut). BMP-p (Bureau of Minerals and Petroleum) najoqqutassiaani /3/ erngup pitsaassusaanut najoqqutassiaani erngup pitsaassusaata attatiinnarnissaa qulakkeerniarneqarpoq. Ferrosilicium-imi ipatut akuusinnaasut pingasut (Cr, Cu aamma Ni) najoqqutassiami najoqqutassattut killissaqartinneqarput. BMPp najoqqutassiaani Cr, Cu aamma Ni taamaallaat ilaatinneqarmata Danmarkimi, Canadami aamma Australia/New Zealand-imi inatsisit ataani ilanngunneqarput. Najoqqutassatut killissarititaasut ataani takutitassiami 1- imi takutinneqarput. Tabel 1: Imermi saffiugassat oqimaatsut pinngoqqaatillu ferrosilicium-imi ipatut akooqataasut najoqqutassatut killissarititat Pinngoqqaat Najoqqutassatut killissaq (μg/l) Cr (III) 1 3 Cu 1 2 Ni 1 5 Va 2 4,1 Mo 2 67 Zr 3 4 Mn ) BMP najoqqutassatut killiliut /3/ 2) Najoqqutassiat qallunaat inatsisaannit /4/ 3) Najoqqutassiat Canadami inatsisaannit /5/ 4) Najoqqutassiat Australia/New Zealand /6/ Tabel 1-imi najoqqutassatut killissarititat teorii tunngavigalugu saffiugassat oqimaatsut/pinngoqqaatit annikitsumik akooqataasut annertunerpaamik ferrosilicium-imit kaanngartoqarsinnaanerannik sanilliussigaanni, takuneqarsinnaalerpoq Mo-mut aamma Mn-mut killissarititat qaqugukkulluunniit qaangerneqarsinnaanngitsut. Najoqqutassatut Cr-mut, Cumut, Ni-mut, V-mut aamma Zr-imut killissarititaasut teorii tunngavigalugu annertunerpaamik akuissuserisinnaasaannit annikitsuinnarmik qaangerneqarsinnaapput.

199 Akuissutsit taakku naatsersorneqartut taamaallaat teorii tunngavigalugu annertunerpaatut akuissusaasinnaapput. Pissutsini atuuttuni ilimanaateqanngilaq ipat pinngoqqaammik ataasiinnarmik sananeqaateqarnissaat. Aammattaaq ferrosilicium-ip kemi tunngavigalugu pissusai taariikkatut malitseqarput saffiugassat oqimaatsut/ipat ilaannamininngui arrortinneqarlutik kaanngartinneqarsinnaanerannik. Kaanngartinneqartut annertussusiat aammattaaq minnerpaaffissaaniitinneqarpoq ferrosilicium-ip erngup iluanut inissinneratigut. Inerniliinertut taaneqarsinnaavoq kaanngartoqarsinnaaneq pingaaruteqanngitsutut nalilerneqarmat najoqqutassiatullu killissarititaasut qaangerneqaratik. 2. Innersuussinerit /1/ Huuskonen, S.; Heinala, M.; Herting, G.; Wallinder, I.O.; Santonen, T. (2012): Human Health Risk Assessment of Ferrosilicon alloys under Reach. Toxicology Letters vol /2/ Borggaard, O.K. (2001): Soil Chemistry in a Pedological Context. 5th Revised Edition. /3/ Bureau of Minerals and Petroleum BMP Guidelines for preparing an Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) Report for Mineral Exploitation in Greenland. 2nd Edition January /4/ Bekendtgørelse om miljøkvalitetskrav for vandområder og krav til udledning af forurenende stoffer til vandløb, søer eller havet. BEK nr af 25/08/2010. /5/ Provincial water quality objectives of the Ministry of Environment and Energy. Ontario. February /6/ Australian and New Zealand Guidelines for Fresh and Marine Water Quality. October 2000.

200 APPENDIX 4C VURDERING AF FERROSILICONIUM I DMS PROCESSEN (DANSK) True North Gems Inc.

201 MEMO Job En ny rubinmine ved Aappaluttoq Kunde True North Memo no. 01 Dato 06/05/2013 Fra Rambøll Vurdering af Ferrosilicium i DMS processen I processeringsanlægget vil en tyngdesapareringsproces kaldet Dense Media Separation (DMS) blive anvendt for at adskille korundum fra de andre mineraler. Under denne proces bliver Ferrosilicium tilføjet. Ferrosilicium er en legering bestående af jern, silicium og aluminium. Yderligere indeholder produktet <1 % urenheder. Urenhederne kan være krom (Cr), magnesium (Mg), Vanadium (V), nikkel (Ni), kobber (Cu), zirkonium (Zr), og molybdæn (Mo). En lille del af ferrosilicium vil fæstne sig fast til gråbjerget under udskillelsesprocessen og vil blive aflejret i søen. Det følgende er en kort beskrivelse af produktet, dets anvendelse i processen og en vurdering af potentielt frigørelse af tungmetaller og sporelementer i søen på grund af aflejring af ferrosilicium på bunden af søen. Almindelig anvendelse Ferrosilicium er blevet anvendt i årtier i diamantudvindingsindustrien, specielt for at separere diamanter fra værtsbjergarten efter den indledende knusningsproces. For at danne en procesmateriale bliver ferrosilicium blandet med vand som danner slam med massefylde omkring 2,7. Når slammet bliver blandet med diamantførende bjergart og bliver pumpet gennem en cyklon, får cyklonens bevægelser de tunge mineraler til at synke og de lettere materialer til at flyde. 1. Processens anvendelse for Aappilattoq processen Den foroven nævnte proces vil blive anvendt i Aappaluttoq Rubin Projektet for at separere rubiner fra gråbjerget. Ferrosiliciummet der fæstner sig både til de synkende og flydende materialer, bliver skyllet af ved at anvende en våd sigtningsmetode. Ferrosiliciummet fra sigtningsprocessen bliver genindvundet og genbrugt. En lille del omkring 100 gram pr. tons processeret malm bliver ikke genindvundet og vil i tilfælde af flyderne blive overført til tailingsfaciliteterne. I dette projekts tilfælde vil tailingsfaciliteterne være det

202 østlige bassin af Ukkaata Qaava søen. Den totale mængde af ferrosilicium, som bliver udledt i søen vil være omkring 12 tons over minens levetid, som svarer til omkring 1,5 tons pr. år. 1.1 Fysiske egenskaber Duramet er produceret som et medprodukt til Brown Aluminum Oxide. Råmaterialet anvendt til at producere Brown Aluminum Oxide er slibningskvalitets bauxit tilsat jernbaseret produkt til at regulere jernindholdet af det tilbageblevne ferrosilicium. Tilsætning af jern indfører en lille mængde af urenheder til produktet. Fordeling af elementer, der udgør urenhederne kan variere afhængig af produktets oprindelse. Den fysiske sammensætning af ferrosilicium anvendt i projektet er som følger: Jern indhold % Silicium indhold % Titanium indhold 5-10 % Aluminium indhold 1-5 % Spor elementer (< 1 % totalt) krom, magnesium, mangan, vanadium, nikkel, kobber, zirkonium og molybdæn Materialet er ikke anset til at være sundhedsfarligt (se vedhæftet sikkerhedsdatablad) og nedsunket i søen er det betragtet som mildt. 1.2 Skøn over potential udledning af tungmetaller og sporelementer efter deponering Det meste af ferrosilicium, der bliver anvendt i tyngdesepareringen (DMS) bliver genbrugt i processen. Imidlertid vil en lille del fæstne sig til gråbjerget og derved blive aflejret med tailings i søen. En skønnet mængde på 1,5 tons ferrosilicium pr. år vil blive aflejret sammen med tailings og gråbjerg i det østlige bassin af Ukkaata Qaava søen. Den totale mængde af ferrosilicium udledt i søen vil blive oimkring 12 tons. Ferrosiliciummet vil blive aflejret sammen med de andre affaldsprodukter (gråbjerg samt tailings fra minen) og på grund af den høje massefylde af ferrosilicium (omkring 7,0 g/cm 3 ) bundfælder det sig hurtigt og vil blive begravet under gråbjerg og tailings på søbunden. Ferrosilicium er et meget stabilt produkt med meget lav opløselighed i vand. Produktet indeholder % jern. Jern er tilstede som ferro-jern (FeII), som kan oxideres til ferri-jern (FeIII), en proces, som delvist fører til opløsning af produktet. Imidlertid er denne proces ilt-krævende, og den lave iltkoncentration i vandet og den lave udbredelseshastighed sammenlignet med i luften vil begrænse oxideringen af produktet til ubetydelige mængder. Det betyder, at den potentielle udledning af tungmetaller ved denne proces er meget begrænset. Oxyd sammensætningen på overfladen af ferro-silicium legeringen er hovedsageligt Si-oxyder og til en vis grad jern- og aluminium oxyder /1/.

203 Dette betyder, at ferrosiliciummet højst sandsynligt er domineret af phafhængig ladning. Dette er genereret af overfladegrupper af Si-OH, Al-OH og Fe-OH, hvor der fjernes protoner ved høje ph værdier (neutral eller alkalin miljø), og hvor der tilføjes protoner ved lave ph værdier. Ved lavere ph værdier er mineralerne positivt ladede og vil tiltrække anioner som kromater og molybdater /2/. Vandets ph er omkring 6, og det ændrer sig ikke med dybden. ph af ferrosilicium er forventet at være en smule alkalin. En vis fald i ph kan føre til frigørelse af kationerne, hvorimod en forøgelse af ph kan føre til frigørelse af anionerne. Forsøg har imidlertid vist, at de aflejrede bjergarter og tailings ikke er syredannende, og frigørelsen på grund af ændring af ph værdier ikke er betragtet som et problem. På grund af at produktet er krystallinsk, vil en stor fraktion af tungmetallerne ikke blive udsat for potentiel frigørelse, da disse ikke er overfladenære. I stedet bliver de indlejret i minerallagene og kun bliver blottet, hvis ferrosilicium oxideres. Som nævnt vil oxidering af produktet være ubetydelig. Som følge af de kemiske egenskaber og forhold, betragtes frigørelse af tungmetaller og sporelementer som værende lille. En teoretisk beregning kan udføres for de maksimale koncentrationer af de enkelte metaller i søen, og som bliver indført ved aflejring af ferrosilicium. Det er antaget, at al urenhed på 1 % består af et enkelt element (f.eks. vanadium). Som nævnt, et estimeret total på 12 tons ferrosilicium er forventet at blive aflejret over projektets levetid. Under de foroven nævnte forudsætninger, vil en total mængde på 120 kg vanadium blive aflejret i søen. Søen har volumen på 20 millioner m 3 vand. Derfor er den teoretiske maksimale koncentration af vanadium i søen estimeret til at være på 6 μg/l på grund af aflejring af ferrosilicium. Beregningen kan gentages for resten af tungmetallerne/sporelementerne, og det betyder, at den totale teoretiske koncentration for alle forbindelser kan blive 6 μg/l, under forudsætning af at alle urenheder består af det ene element (som en worst case scenario). I BMP s (Råstofdirektoratets) retningslinjer /3/ om vandkvalitet er retningslinjerne for vandkvalitet blevet sat for at sikre, at den gode vandkvalitet bliver bibeholdt. Værdier i retningslinjerne er blevet sat for tre af sporelementerne, som kan findes som urenheder (Cr, Cu og Ni) i ferrosilicium. Da BMP s retningslinjer kun indeholder værdier for Cr, Cu og Ni, er der inkluderet lovgivning fra Danmark, Canada og Australien/New Zealand. Værdierne i retningslinjerne er vist i tabel 1 forneden.

204 Tabel 1: Retningslinje værdier i ferskvand for tungmetaller og sporelementer fundet som urenheder I ferrosilicium Element Retningslinje værdi (μg/l) Cr (III) 1 3 Cu 1 2 Ni 1 5 Va 2 4,1 Mo 2 67 Zr 3 4 Mn ) BMP retningslinje værdier /3/ 2) Retningslinjer fra dansk lovgivning /4/ 3) Retningslinjer fra Canadisk lovgivning /5/ 4) Retningslinjer fra Australien/New Zealand /6/ Hvis retningslinje værdierne i tabel 1 bliver sammenlignet med de teoretisk maksimale frigivelser af de enkelte tungmetaller/sporelementer fra ferrosilicium, bliver det synligt, at grænseværdierne for Mo og Mn aldrig kan overskrides. Retningslinje værdier for Cr, Cu, Ni, V og Zr kan kun overskrides en smule af de teoretisk maksimale koncentrationer. Disse beregnede koncentrationer er imidlertid kun teoretisk maksimale koncentrationer. Det er i virkeligheden ikke sandsynligt, at urenhederne udelukkende kun består af en enkelt element. Endvidere betyder de kemiske egenskaber for ferrosilicium (som tidligere nævnt), at kun en lille del af tungmetallerne/urenhederne vil blive frigivet. Frigivelsesraterne er yderligere minimeret ved aflejring af ferrosilicium under vand. Som konklusion, frigivelse betragtes til at være ubetydelig og overskrider ikke retningslinje værdierne. 2. Referencer /1/ Huuskonen, S.; Heinala, M.; Herting, G.; Wallinder, I.O.; Santonen, T. (2012): Human Health Risk Assessment of Ferrosilicon alloys under Reach. Toxicology Letters vol /2/ Borggaard, O.K. (2001): Soil Chemistry in a Pedological Context. 5th Revised Edition. /3/ Bureau of Minerals and Petroleum BMP Guidelines for preparing an Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) Report for Mineral Exploitation in Greenland. 2nd Edition January /4/ Bekendtgørelse om miljøkvalitetskrav for vandområder og krav til udledning af forurenende stoffer til vandløb, søer eller havet. BEK nr af 25/08/2010. /5/ Provincial water quality objectives of the Ministry of Environment and Energy. Ontario. February /6/ Australian and New Zealand Guidelines for Fresh and Marine Water Quality. October 2000.

205 APPENDIX 4D DURAMET DATA SHEET, WASHINGTON MILLS True North Gems Inc.

206 DURAMET SPECIAL MILLED FERRO SILICON General Inquiries Tel: [email protected] Washington Mills P.O Box North Main Street North Grafton, MA Tel: Fax: [email protected] Washington Mills P.O Box Buffalo Avenue Niagara Falls, NY Tel: Fax: [email protected] DESCRIPTION DURAMET is a magnetic ferro silicon produced in electric arc furnaces and subsequently milled to size ranges required. In addition, DURAMET contains aluminum and titanium which enhances its resistance to corrosion. APPLICATIONS DURAMET is used in slurry density applications for heavy media separation and sink-float processes. DURAMET is an accepted medium for the gravity separation of minerals, aggregates and metals with a specific gravity of approximately 2.0 to 4.0. TYPICAL CHEMICAL ANALYSIS Si 15% Washington Mills P.O Box Stanley Avenue Niagara Falls, Ontario L2E 6V9 Canada [email protected] Ti Al Fe 5% 1% 79% Washington Mills 1000 E. Niagara Street Tonawanda, NY [email protected] TYPICAL PHYSICAL PROPERTIES Washington Mills Mosley Road, Trafford Park Manchester M17 1NR England [email protected] The Exolon Company ESK Street Hennepin, IL [email protected] Specific Gravity Non-Magnetics Magnetic Susceptibility Bulk Density 6.70 g/cc Verified by Davis Tube Verified by Satmagan Magnetic Balance ANSI Method B74.4 (2.8 to 3.5 g/cc) 1988 Orkla Exolon NO-7300 Orkanger Norway [email protected] SIZES AVAILABLE 48 Mesh, 65 Mesh, 100 Mesh, 200 Mesh 48 Hi D, 65 Hi D, 100 Hi D 48 D, 65 D, 100 D, 150 D, 270 D, 270 F PACKAGING Steel Drums Bulk Bags Bulk Bags 551 lb. each 2205 lb. each 4410 lb. each This product information is NOT a specification. It is offered in good faith only as a general description of the product. Washington Mills makes no warranty of merchantability or of fitness for any particular purpose. The product chemistry and other characteristics may vary or contain trace elements not specifically listed. If your intended application for this product is so critical that relatively minor variations in chemistry or physical properties could cause problems or damage to your process or product, please contact our office for further assistance.

207 DURAMET SPECIAL MILLED FERRO SILICON (pg. 2) General Inquiries Tel: [email protected] Washington Mills P.O Box North Main Street North Grafton, MA Tel: Fax: [email protected] Washington Mills P.O Box Buffalo Avenue Niagara Falls, NY Tel: Fax: [email protected] Washington Mills P.O Box Stanley Avenue Niagara Falls, Ontario L2E 6V9 Canada [email protected] Washington Mills 1000 E. Niagara Street Tonawanda, NY [email protected] Washington Mills Mosley Road, Trafford Park Manchester M17 1NR England [email protected] TYPICAL BULK DENSITY (G/CC) Size/Mesh Bulk Density 48 MESH MESH MESH MESH Hi D Hi D Hi D D D D D D F 2.8 SIZE SPECIFICATION (WEIGHT %) Size/Mesh MESH The Exolon Company ESK Street Hennepin, IL [email protected] Orkla Exolon NO-7300 Orkanger Norway [email protected] 65 MESH 100 MESH 200 MESH 48 Hi D 65 Hi D 100 Hi D 48 D 65 D 100 D 150 D 270 D F This product information is NOT a specification. It is offered in good faith only as a general description of the product. Washington Mills makes no warranty of merchantability or of fitness for any particular purpose. The product chemistry and other characteristics may vary or contain trace elements not specifically listed. If your intended application for this product is so critical that relatively minor variations in chemistry or physical properties could cause problems or damage to your process or product, please contact our office for further assistance.

208 APPENDIX 4E MATERIAL SAFETY DATA SHEET, WASHINGTON MILLS True North Gems Inc.

209 MATERIAL SAFETY DATA SHEET 1.0 Chemical Product and Company Identification Product Name: Duramet Chemical Name: FERROSILICON Skin: Ingestion: Inhalation: medical attention, if needed. Wash with water. Obtain first aid or medical assistance if needed. If swallowed, seek medical attention. Remove to fresh air, apply artificial respiration as needed. Get medical attention if needed. Company Name: Washington Mills Electro Minerals Corp Buffalo Ave. P.O. BOX 423 Niagara Falls, NY (716) Fax (716) Emergency/Technical (716) CHEMTREC (800) Fire Fighting Measure Flammable Properties: Non-flammable Flash Point: None Fire/Explosion Potential: None Upper and Lower Flammable Limits: None Autoignition Temperature: None Special Fire Fighting Procedures: None 2.0 Composition/Information on Ingredients OSHA ACGIH Percent Exposure Rec. By Component CAS No. Limits (PEL) Limits (TLV) Weight Iron N/A N/A 78 Silicon mg/m 3 10 mg/m 3 16 Titanium N/A N/A 5 Aluminum mg/m 3 10 mg/m 3 1 Impurities total less than 1% (Cr + Mg + V + Mn + Ni + Cu + Zr + Mo) 3.0 Hazard Identification/ Potential Health Effects Eye: Brittle material may produce small jagged flying pieces on impact with itself or other materials. Irritating to eyes. Skin: Not absorbed through the skin. Sharp edges may produce cuts. Ingestion: No known adverse effects, but ingestion not recommended. Inhalation: May cause coughing or shortness of breath. Chronic Effects: May affect breathing capacity. 4.0 First Aid Measures 6.0 Accidental Release Measures Personal Precautions: Wear protective equipment. See Section 8. Cleanup Measures: Normal cleanup procedures. Avoid generating dust. Dispose according to standard landfill methods consistent with applicable Federal, State and Local laws. 7.0 Handling and Storage Normal Storage: General storage, ambient air temperature and pressure. Handling: Avoid generating dust. Handle with adequate ventilation for dust. See OSHA 29 CFR (Ventilation). 8.0 Exposure Controls, Personal Protection Engineering Control: Provide sufficient mechanical (general and/or local exhaust) ventilation to maintain exposures below PELs or TLVs. Respiratory Protection: Recommended if TLVs or PELs are exceeded. Use NIOSH/MSHA approved respirators. Skin and Hand Protection: Gloves as desired by user. Eye and Face Protection: Use safety glasses with side shields. If there is potential for exposure to particles which could cause mechanical injury to the eye, wear goggles. Eyes: Wash with large amounts of water. Get 9.0 Physical and Chemical Properties MSDS 007 SIDE 1 OF 2 REVISION DATE 9/00

210 Appearance: Silvery granular metal Odor: Odorless ph: N/A Boiling Point: NA Melting Point: 2700 C Flash Point: None Explosive Properties: None Oxidizing Properties: None Vapor Pressure: N/A Vapor Density: N/A Specific Gravity: 6.7 Water Solubility: Insoluble Solubility in Other Solvent: NA 10.0 Stability and Reactivity Chemical Stability: Stable Polymerization: Will not occur Incompatibility: Strong mineral acids Conditions to Avoid: mixing with mineral acids may generate flammable and explosive hydrogen gas 11.0 Toxicological Information Not Available 12.0 Ecological Information Not Available 13.0 Disposal Considerations Approved landfill in accordance with all local, state and federal regulations Transportation Information US DOT - Not regulated as a hazardous material 15.0 Regulatory Information TSCA - The chemical components of this product are registered under the Toxic Substance Control Act (Title 40 CFR Part 710). Prepared By: Margaret A. O'Brien, Manager, Environmental, Health & Safety The information and recommendations set forth herein are taken from sources believed to be accurate as of the date hereof; however, Washington Mills Electro Minerals Corporation makes no expressed or implied warranty with respect to the accuracy of the information or the suitability of the recommendations and assumes no liability to any user thereof. MSDS 007 SIDE 2 OF 2 REVISION DATE 9/00

211 APPENDIX 4F SAFETY DATA SHEET FOR DURAMET FROM WASHINGTON MILLS True North Gems Inc.

212 Revision: 11.01CLP SAFETY DATA SHEET Date: 1 September 2011 SECTION 1: IDENTIFICATION OF THE SUBSTANCE/MIXTURE AND OF THE COMPANY/UNDERTAKING 1.1 Product Identifier DURAMET GHS Product Identifier DURAMET Chemical Name Mixture (Ferrosilicon) Trade Name See Product Identifier CAS No. Mixture EINECS No. Mixture Reach Registration No. Not available 1.2 Relevant Identified Uses Of The Substance Or Mixture And Uses Advised Against Identified Use(s) Identified Use(s) Uses Advised Against Uses Advised Against 1.3 Details Of The Supplier Of The Safety Data Sheet Company Identification Washington Mills Electro Minerals Corp. Address 1801 Buffalo Avenue Niagara Falls, NY Telephone (716) (Competent Person) [email protected] 1.4 Emergency Telephone Number CHEMTREC (800) (USA/Canada), (International) SECTION 2: HAZARDS IDENTIFICATION 2.1 Classification Of The Substance Or Mixture Regulation (EC) No. 1272/2008 (CLP) None Directive 67/548/EEC & Directive 1999/45/EC None 2.2 Label Elements Label Elements According to Regulation (EC) No. 1272/2008 (CLP) GHS Product Identifier (EU) Hazard Signal None Pictogram(s) Word(s) None Hazard None Statement(s) Precautionary None Statement(s) Label Elements According to Directive 67/548/EEC & Directive 1999/45/EC Hazard Symbol None Risk Phrases None Safety None Phrases 2.3 Other Hazards GHS Classification (USA): Not Hazardous under OSHA Hazard Communication Standard. HMIS: Health-0, Flammability-0, Reactivity 0 Hazard Statement(s) None Precautionary Statement(s) None WHMIS/GHS Classification (Canada): Not Hazardous under WHMIS. Hazard Statement(s) None. Precautionary Statement(s) None 2.4 Additional Information Potential Health Effects Inhalation Unlikely route of exposure. Skin Contact Mechanical irritation. Eye Contact Mechanical irritation, corneal scratches. Ingestion Harmful if swallowed; mechanical and chemical irritant. Expires: 31 August 2014 Page: 1/8

213 Revision: 11.01GHS MATERIAL SAFETY DATA SHEET Date: Date: 1 September 2011 DURAMET SECTION 3: COMPOSITION/INFORMATION ON INGREDIENTS EC Classification No. 1272/2008/EC and GHS Classification Hazardous Ingredient(s) %W/W CAS No. EC No. REACH Registration No. Ferrosilicon Components (100%) [CAS # for Ferrosilicon/ No EC# found] Hazard Pictogram(s) and Hazard Statement(s) Iron NA None None Silicon NA None None Titanium NA None None Aluminum NA None None Impurities <1 Trace amounts of other metallics EC Classification No. 67/548/EEC Hazardous Ingredient(s) %W/W CAS No. EC No. REACH Registration No. Ferrosilicon Components (100%) [CAS # for Ferrosilicon/ No EC# found] Hazard Pictogram(s) and Risk (R) Phras(es) Iron NA None None Silicon NA None None Titanium NA None None Aluminum NA None None Impurities <1 Trace amounts of other metallics 3.3 Additional Information - For full text of H phrases see section 16. For full text of R phrases see section 16. Non-Hazardous ingredients are not listed and make up the balance of the product. SECTION 4: FIRST AID MEASURES 4.1 Description Of First Aid Measures Inhalation Remove patient from exposure. Keep patient at rest and give oxygen if breathing difficult. If symptoms develop, obtain medical attention. Skin Contact Remove contaminated clothing immediately and drench affected skin with plenty of water. If irritation (redness, rash, blistering) develops, get medical attention. Eye Contact Irrigate with eyewash solution or clean water, holding the eyelids apart, for at least 15 minutes. Obtain immediate medical attention. Ingestion Avoid ingestion. Do not induce vomiting. Get immediate medical attention. 4.2 Most Important Acute: Cough and Shortness of breath. Symptoms And Delayed and Chronic Effects: Similar to acute effects, but with potentially Effects, Both Acute irreversible symptoms, due to the possibility of emphysemic illness. And Delayed 4.3 Indication Of The Immediate Medical Attention And Special Treatment Needed Treat symptomatically. SECTION 5: FIRE-FIGHTING MEASURES Not Flammable. No declared Flash Point, Explosive Limits, or Auto-Ignition Temperature. 5.1 Extinguishing Media Suitable Extinguishing Media Extinguisher suitable for ordinary combustible materials. Class A extinguishing agents. Unsuitable Extinguishing None known. Media 5.2 Special hazards arising from the substance or A self contained breathing apparatus and suitable protective clothing should be worn in fire conditions. mixture 5.3 Advice for Fire-fighters Extinguish preferably with dry chemical, foam or water spray. Expires: 31 August 2014 Page: 2/8

214 Revision: 11.01GHS MATERIAL SAFETY DATA SHEET Date: Date: 1 September Personal Precautions, Protective Equipment And Emergency Procedures 6.2 Environmental Precautions 6.3 Methods And Material For Containment And Cleaning Up DURAMET SECTION 6: ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES Avoid dust generation. Ensure full personal protection (including respiratory protection) during removal of spillages. Ventilation recommended. 6.4 Reference To Other Sections See Also Section 7, 8, Additional Information None Collect mechanically and dispose of according to Section 13.Transfer to a lidded container for disposal or recovery. Avoid dust generation. Ensure adequate ventilation. SECTION 7: HANDLING AND STORAGE Precautions For Safe Handling Avoid contact with skin and eyes. Wash hands before eating, drinking or smoking. Avoid accumulation of dust. Use only in well-ventilated areas. 7.2 Conditions For Safe Storage, Including Store in the original container in a cool, dry well ventilated area. Keep containers tightly sealed. Any Incompatibilities Storage Temperature Ambient. Storage Life Not available Incompatible Materials Separate from oxidizers (oxygen), (explosives), (halogens), (compressed air) (acids), (bases) (and food chemicals) etc. in transport (and storage). 7.3 Specific End Use(s) Consult the supplier. SECTION 8: EXPOSURE CONTROLS/PERSONAL PROTECTION 8.1 Control Parameters Occupational Exposure Limits Substance CAS No. LTEL (8 hr TWA ppm) LTEL (8 hr TWA mg/m³) STEL (ppm) STEL (mg/m³) Note: Iron Silicon Titanium Aluminum NE NE NE NE OSHA NE NE NE NE ACGIH NE 5 (respirable) 15 (total) NE NE OSHA NE NE NE NE ACGIH NE NE NE NE OSHA NE NE NE NE ACGIH NE 5 (respirable) 15 (total) NE NE OSHA PEL (Final) NE 1 (respirable) NE NE ACGIH Biological Limit Value Limit Value Type Substance CAS No. Biological Limit Value Note: (Country Of Origin) None None None None None PNECs and DNELs No PNECs or DNELs available for product Expires: 31 August 2014 Page: 3/8

215 Revision: 11.01GHS MATERIAL SAFETY DATA SHEET Date: Date: 1 September 2011 DURAMET Personal Protection Equipment Respirators Avoid breathing dust. Assess exposure concentrations of all materials involved in the workplace. If concentrations exceed the exposure limits listed in Exposure Guidelines or irritation or other symptoms experienced, follow the OSHA respirator regulations found in 29 CFR or European Standard EN 149. Eye Avoid eye contact. Wear protective eyewear (goggles, face shield, or safety Protection glasses) Gloves Wear protective gloves. Body Protection Avoid skin contact. Wear suitable protective clothing and gloves. Engineering Provide sufficient ventilation, particularly in closed rooms. Maintain employee Controls exposure below applicable permissible exposure limits. Other Remove contaminated, saturated clothing immediately. Contaminated clothing should be thoroughly cleaned. SECTION 9: PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES 9.1 Information On Basic Physical And Chemical Properties Appearance Gray Solid-Granular Color Gray Odor Odorless Odor Threshold (ppm) Not available Melting Point ( C) / Freezing Point ( C) 2700 C Boiling Point/Boiling Range ( C) Not available Flash Point ( C) No Data Explosive Limit Ranges Not available Auto Ignition Temperature ( C) Not available Decomposition Temperature ( C) Not available Explosive Properties None Oxidizing Properties Not available Flammability (Solid, Gas) Not available ph (Value) Not available Evaporation Rate N/A Vapor Pressure (mm Hg) Not available Vapor Density (Air=1) N/A Density (g/ml) 6.7 Solubility (Water) Insoluble Solubility (Other) Not available Partition Coefficient (n- Octanol/Water) Not available Viscosity (mpa.s) Not available 9.2 Other Information Volatile Organic Chemical (VOC) Content Not available Reactivity Slight SECTION 10: STABILITY AND REACTIVITY 10.2 Chemical Stability Stable under normal conditions Possibility Of Hazardous Reactions Not available 10.4 Conditions To Avoid Not available 10.5 Incompatible Materials Not available 10.6 Hazardous Decomposition Product(s) Not available SECTION 11: TOXICOLOGICAL INFORMATION Substance CAS No. LD 50 (Oral, Rat) LC 50 (Inhalation, Rat) LD 50 (Dermal, Rat) Iron ,000mg/kg NA NA Silicon mg/kg NA NA Titanium No data NA NA Aluminum No data NA NA Avoid accumulation of dust. Expires: 31 August 2014 Page: 4/8

216 Revision: 11.01GHS MATERIAL SAFETY DATA SHEET Date: Date: 1 September Information On Toxicological Effects Mixtures Acute Toxicity Inhalation Skin Contact Eye Contact Ingestion Irritation Corrosivity Sensitisation Repeated Dose Toxicity Carcinogenicity Mutagenicity Toxicity For Reproduction DURAMET Inhalation of the dust may cause breathlessness, coughing, tightness of the chest and difficulty in breathing. Prolonged contact may cause skin abrasion, redness, and itching. Eye irritant. May cause tearing and redness. May cause headache, nausea and vomiting. Causes eye irritation. May cause respiratory irritation. May cause transient irritation. Not to be expected. No data. No data. No data. No data. No data Other Information None SECTION 12: ECOLOGICAL INFORMATION 12.1 Toxicity No data 12.2 Persistence And Degradability No data 12.3 Bioaccumulative Potential The product has low potential for bioaccumulation Mobility In Soil No data 12.5 Results of PBT and vpvb assessment No data Other Adverse Effects No data. SECTION 13: DISPOSAL CONSIDERATIONS 13.1 Waste Treatment Methods Solid or chemical waste generators must determine whether a discarded waste is classified as a hazardous waste. U.S. EPA guidelines for the classifications determination are listed in 40 CFR parts Disposal should be in accordance with local, state or national legislation. Containers must not be punctured or destroyed by burning, even when empty Additional Information None SECTION 14: TRANSPORT INFORMATION Land Transport (ADR/RID) (c)(d) Land Transport (Within USA) (b)(d) UN Number None UN Number None Proper Shipping Name Not classified as Not classified as dangerous for Proper Shipping Name dangerous for transport. transport. Transport Hazard Class(es) None Transport Hazard Class(es) None Packing Group None Packing Group None Hazard Label(s) None Hazard Label(s) None Environmental Hazards None Environmental Hazards None Special Precautions For User None Special Precautions For User None Expires: 31 August 2014 Page: 5/8

217 Revision: 11.01GHS MATERIAL SAFETY DATA SHEET Date: Date: 1 September 2011 DURAMET Sea Transport (IMDG) (c) Air Transport (ICAO/IATA) (c) (d) UN Number None UN Number None Proper Shipping Name Not classified as Not classified as dangerous for Proper Shipping Name dangerous for transport. transport. Transport Hazard Class(es) None Transport Hazard Class(es) None Packing Group None Packing Group None Marine Pollutant None Marine Pollutant None Special Precautions For User None Special Precautions For User None (b)- ORM-D may be applicable within the USA for package sizes less than 30kg. (c) Consult with transport provider. (d) Check relevant regulations for Special Provisions. Transport in bulk according to Annex II of MARPOL73/78 and the IBC Code SECTION 15: REGULATORY INFORMATION 15.1 Safety, Health And Environmental Regulations/Legislation Specific For The Substance Or Mixture EU Regulations Authorisations And/Or Restrictions On Use Consult the supplier European Union (EINECS/ELINCS) German WGK Number National Regulations USA TSCA (Toxic Substance Control Act) SARA 311/312 - Hazard Categories SARA Extremely Hazardous Substances SARA Toxic Chemicals CERCLA (Comprehensive Environmental Response Compensation and Liability Act) CAA (Clean Air Act 1990) CWA (Clean Water Act) State Right to Know Lists All chemicals listed. Not available Listed Acute Health, Chronic Health Listed - None Listed - None Listed - None Listed - None Listed - None Listed Silicon Dioxide, Quartz, MA, MN, NJ, PA. Proposition 65 (California) - This product contains the following substance(s) known to the state of California to cause cancer and/or reproductive harm: None. Canada WHMIS Classification Canada (DSL/NDSL) Canada Ingredient Disclosure List (CIDL) Class D Division 2, Subdivision B, Material Having Other Toxic Effects (Irritation). Listed. - DSL Listed as required Chemical Safety Assessment Not Hazardous, Not Dangerous for Transport. Expires: 31 August 2014 Page: 6/8

218 Revision: 11.01GHS MATERIAL SAFETY DATA SHEET Date: Date: 1 September 2011 DURAMET SECTION 16: OTHER INFORMATION The following sections contain revisions or new statements: LEGEND ACGIH American Conference Of Governmental Industrial NA Not Applicable, Not Available Hygienists AICS Australian Inventory Of Chemical Substances NIOSH National Institute For Occupational Safety And Health ANSI American National Standards Institute ND Not Determined atm Atmosphere (Pressure Unit) NFPA National Fire Prevention Association BOD Biological Oxygen Demand NTP National Toxicology Program CAS Chemical Abstracts Service OC Open Cup CC Closed Cup OSHA Occupational Safety And Health Administration CDTA Chemical Drug And Trafficking Act Part Partition COC Cleveland Open Cup PEL Permissible Exposure Limits COD Chemical Oxygen Demand ppb Parts Per Billion coeff. Coefficient PPE Personal Protective Equipment CFR Code Of Federal Regulations ppm Parts Per Million CPR Cardio-Pulmonary Resuscitation psi Pounds Per Square Inch DEA Drug Enforcement Agency RCRA Resource Conservation And Recovery Act DOT Department Of Transportation RQ Reportable Quantity DSCL Dangerous Substances Classification And Labeling RTK Right To Know EEC European Economic Community SARA Superfund Amendments And Reauthorization Act FDA Food And Drug Administration STEL Short-Term Exposure Limit HMIS Hazardous Materials Information System SUSDP Standard For The Uniform Scheduling Of Drugs And Poisons (Australia) IARC International Agency For Research On Cancer TCC Tagliabue Closed Cup IDLH Immediate Danger To Life Or Health TDG Transportation Of Dangerous Goods kg Kilogram TPQ Threshold Planning Quantity L Liter TQ Threshold Quantity LC 50 Median Lethal Concentration TSCA Toxic Substances Control Act LD 50 Median Lethal Dose TWA Time-Weighted Average LEL Lower Explosive Limit UEL Upper Explosive Limit mg Milligram WES Workplace Exposure Standard (New Zealand) ml Milliliter WHMIS Workplace Hazardous Material Information System References: RTECS, CAS Registry, EINECS/ESIS, Casarett & Doull's Toxicology, Goldfranks's Toxicological Emergencies, Manufacturer Information Risk Phrases and Safety Phrases None Hazard Statement(s) and Precautionary Statement(s) None Training Advice: None Expires: 31 August 2014 Page: 7/8

219 Revision: 11.01GHS MATERIAL SAFETY DATA SHEET Date: Date: 1 September 2011 DURAMET Additional Information: The accumulation of airborne dust particles may lead to health and safety risks in some cases. The use of good industrial practices will mitigate this risk. The health risks from inhalation of dust particles vary; this is due to particle concentration, exposure length, number of exposures and type of particles inhaled. Please read Sections 2,4,6,7 and 8 of the MSDS to understand these potential risks. Wear personal protective equipment and follow storage and handling procedures to maintain a safe workplace. In rare instances, combustible dusts may represent a potential explosion hazard when airborne. This hazard is often associated with organic dust such as foodstuffs and coal, but may also occur with mineral products. While the majority of our products would be considered non-combustible, the overall airborne environment should be considered when determining the need for mitigation from this potential hazard. Consult recognized experts when necessary in order to determine any possible hazard. Please read the MSDS for specific information concerning these hazards, and contact us with any further questions. We appreciate your continued business Information contained in this publication or as otherwise supplied to Users is believed to be accurate and is given in good faith, but it is for the Users to satisfy themselves of the suitability of the product for their own particular purpose. ChemTel Inc. gives no warranty as to the fitness of the product for any particular purpose and any implied warranty or condition (statutory or otherwise) is excluded except to the extent that exclusion is prevented by law. ChemTel Inc. accepts no liability for loss or damage (other than that arising from death or personal injury caused by defective product, if proved), resulting from reliance on this information. Freedom under Patents, Copyright and Designs cannot be assumed. Expires: 31 August 2014 Page: 8/8