Necessary grid extensions and reinforcements to facilitate the connection of wind energy to the grid. Mario Valente Grid Planning Unit TERNA

Transcription

1 Necessary grid extensions and reinforcements to facilitate the connection of wind energy to the grid Mario Valente Grid Planning Unit TERNA Conference on WIND ENERGY AND GRID INTEGRATION Madrid, January 2006

2 Merging GRTN & TERNA GRTN (asset management) ISO Dispatching and Grid development planning + TERNA (asset ownership) Maintenance and Grid development implementation Merger GRTN Gestore del sistema elettrico TERNA Rete Elettrica Nazionale TSO - Purchase and sale of renewable energy - Qualification of renewable sources plants - Issue of Green Certificates - GME and AU - Dispatching & security - Grid operation & maintenance - Planning and implementation of grid development

3 National Electricity Balance Year 2004 from production to consumption Water 14,9% 51,2% 154,2 TWh Hydro source Coal Oil Gas 48,0 TWh 68,7% Industrial consumption 21,5% 64,8 TWh Thermal source Net of electricity consumed by pumping Geothermal 221,5 TWh 1,6% 1,7% 5,2 TWh Geothermic source Wind energy Wind 5,1 TWh 0,6% 1,8TWh Grid losses 20,6 TWh Agricultural consumption Household consumption 25,6% 77,2 TWh Net Imports 14.2% 45,6 TWh (provisional data) Electricity supplied 322,0 TWh NATIONAL GRID kv Service-sector consumption

4 380 kv Italian Transmission Network France Switzerland Austria ROBBIA SOAZZA LAVORGO EDOLO UDINE O. RONCOV. S:FIORANO CORDIGNANO REDIPUGLIA DIVACCIA MERCALLO ALBERTVILLE VEDEL. MONFALCONE SANDRIGO TURBIGO RONDISSONE PLANAIS VENEZIA N. VILLARODIN ROCCA LEINI TRINO N. TAVAZZ. CAMIN DOLO DUGALE LA ADRIA VENAUS CASTELN. CASELLA CAORSO PIOSSASCO OSTIGLIA PIACENZA FERRARA PORTO TOLLE CASANOVA CARPI VIGNOLE PARMA S.DAMASO MAGLIANO RUBIERA P. CORSINI MARTIG. COLUNGA RAVENNA. C. VADO BARGI PIASTRA LIGURE FORLI LA SPEZIA S.MARTINO xx MARGINONE CALENZANO Slovenia FIUMESANTO S/E LIVORNO ROSEN ACCIA IOLO PIOMBINO SUVERETO 200 kv c.c. TAVARNUZZE S.BARBARA PIETRAFITTA FANO CANDIA ABBADIA ROSARA BASTIA VILLAVALLE TERAMO LUCCIANA EDF MONTALTO c.le S.GIACOMO VILLANOVA TORVALDALIGA n. ROMA n. TORVALDALIGA s. VALMONTONE LARINO ROMA s. CEPRANO BONIFACIO FOGGIA S.Teresa LATINA PRESENZANO GARIGLIANO S.MARIA C.V. BENEVENTO S.SOFIA F.SANTO carbone PATRIA CODRONGIANOS STRIANO MONTECORVINO LAINO ANDRIA MATERA BARI OVEST TARANTO N. ROSSANO GALATINA BRINDISI 400 kv dc line Greece RUMIANCA SELARGIUS CAGLIARI SUD SARLUX SCANDALE FEROLETO Power plant 380 kv substation Substation under construction 220 kv substation Single circuit line Double circuit line Line under construction dc 200 kv line SORGENTE PATERNO PATERNO CHIAROMONTE G. CHIAROMONTE G. ISAB RIZZICONI

5 NTC & inter-area limits in Italy (MW - Winter ) FRANCE & SWITZERLAND AUSTRIA 430 SLOVENIA 4,800 1,600 2, , GREECE

6 TWh 80 Italy largest importer in EU 2004 Energy exchanges in Europe (UCTE figures) ,0 (11,6% ) ,9 (1,2%) -7,5-16,2 (8,6% ) (14,7% ) 6,1 (1,2%) -2,5 (4,4% ) 0,1 (2,2% ) -45,6 0,8 (6,3% ) -2,8 (5,5 %) -40 (14,2% ) -60 E F B NL D A CH I SLO GR Net import-export % over country load demand (provisional data)

7 Electricity demand forecast , TWh CAGR Agriculture Grid Losses Household Uses Service Sector 329,2 21,0 68,3 81,5 5,2 378,3 23,5 73,7 95,8 5,6 432,0 26,7 82,5 114,0 5,9 2,8% 1,3% 2,4% 1,9% 3,4% Industry 153,2 179,7 202,9 2,8%

8 Europe s Wind Capacity End 2004 (Source EWEA) European Union 34,205 MW Other European Countries 197 MW Total Capacity 34,402 MW , ,078 16, ,263 1,

9 Wind Power plants increase Development of wind farms by the end of 2005 MW FRANCE SWITZERLAND 11 AUSTRIA 194 SLOVENIA TOTAL (MW) Sardinia At the end of % of off-peak load demand Sicily At the end of % of off-peak load demand 299 (Values updated by the end of August 2005)

10 Wind generation capacity in 2008 SWITZERLAND AUSTRIA SLOVENIA FRANCE North Centre South Islands TOTAL (MW) Total Wind connection applications to transmission grid: MW

11 Wind atlas

12 Main issues related to wind farm development Mainly distributed in major Islands Sardinia is linked with Italy with a dc 200 kv line Limited transport capability (300 MW) and operational flexibility (few fast reversal/year) and modulation range Conventional power plant: few units, large size with high technical minimum difficulty in managing load ramping in case of wind decrease Big amount Cip 6/92 Power Plant, with priority dispatching Wind power plant located in region of low power demand Wind energy to be transmitted over long distances to the load centres Necessity of grid extension

13 Sardinia 380 e 220 kv Transmission Network dc 200 kv line LUCCIANA (F) Peak Load Demand 1,9 GW LATINA Regional Power Generation 3,5 GW FIUME SANTO SASSARI Imports/Exports 0,3 GW CODRONGIANUS Voltage levels of transmission grid Network configuration Interconnection kv Mesh (EHV) Radial (HV-MV) DC link ORISTANO PORTOSCUSO SULCIS ORISTANO EURAL. SAMIN VILLASOR RUMIANCA SARLUX OTTANA TALORO TIRSO SELARGIUS CAGLIARI SUD CAGLIARI NUORO Power Plant Substation 220 kv single circuit line 220 kv double line 380 kv single circuit line 380 kv single circuit line 13

14 Sicily 380 e 220 kv Transmission Network Peak Load Demand Regional Power Generation 3,6 GW 5,7 GW TRAPANI TRAPANI BELLOLAMPO PARTINICO PALERMO TERMINI I. CARACOLI S.FILIPPO DEL MELA da eliminare CORRIOLO DUFERDOFI N SORGENTE RIZZICO NI MESSINA Exports 0,1-0,6 GW PARTANNA CIMINNA Voltage levels of transmission grid Network configuration Interconnection kv Mesh (EHV) Radial (HV-MV) AC link AGRIGENTO ENNA CALTANISSETTA FAVARA CHIAROMONTE G. Da declassare a 150 kv RAGUS A PATERNO ANAPO RAGUSA POLIMERI MISTERBIANCO MELILLI CATANIA PRIOLO ISAB SIRACUSA

15 Grid development Regions: Sardinia, Toscana, Marche, Umbria, Lazio, Abruzzo e Molise BARGI LA SPEZIA POGGIO A CAIANO CALENZANO TAVARNUZZE ACCIAIOLO LIVORNO S. BARBARA ROSEN CANDIA Substation 380/132 kv in Abbadia (MC) 120 -> 132 kv SUVE RET O ROSARA PIOMBINO LUCCIANA EDF MO N TA LTO S GIA C O MO VI LLA N OVA MONTALTO C.LE AU REL A TO RR EV ALD A L G A N O RD S LU CI A RO M A N O R D TORR EV ALDALIGA RO M A ES T ROMA OVEST VA L M O N TO N E ROMA SUD CE PR A N O é LATINA LA R N O PR ES E NZ AN O ENERGIA MOLISE FIUME SANTO CODROGIANOS SAPEI Sardinia Mainland dc 500 kv link RU M IA NC A SE L AR G IUS CA G L A R I SU D SA RLU X

16 Grid development Regions: Campania, Puglia e Basilicata 380 kv single circuit line Foggia - Benevento ENERGIA TERMOLI 800 MW LARINO MIRANT S. SEVERO 400 MW Substation near Bari épresenzano FOGGIA GARIGLIANO ANDRIA BARI OVEST S.M. CAPUA V. BENEVENTO CANDELA PATRIA S. SOFIA MONTECORVINO MATERA ENIPOWER BRINDISI 1170 MW BRINDISI NORD BRINDISI BRINDISI SUD TARANTO NORD Substation near Vesuvio (NA) GALATINA LAINO 380 kv double circuit line Montecorvino - Benevento 380 kv single circuit line Matera S.Sofia

17 rid development in Campania and Puglia S.SEVERO FS S.GIOVANNI ROTONDO S.SEVERO MANFREDONIA PIETRACATELLA CASALVECCHIO LUCERA FOGGIA 380 KV ANDRIA BARI O. CAMPOBASSO VOLTURARA FOGGIA FS TRINITAPOLI CERCEMAGGIORE ALBERONA NEW 380 SUBSTATION FOGGIA FOGGIA IND. FOGGIA O. ALENIA ROSETO EOS 1 TROIA ORTANOVA CERIGNOLA FS COLLE SANNITA FOIANO MONTEFALCONE P.D.R. CELLE S.VITO TROIA BOVINO ORSARA Possible new substation 380/150 kv near Candela BOVINO FS SAVIGNANO FS ASCOLI SATRIANO ACCADIA AGIP DELICETO BENEVENTO IND. C.LE EDISON CANDELA PRESENZANO BENEVENTO N. APICE FS ARIANO IRPINO VALLESACCARDA LACEDONIA MELFI IND. S.SOFIA BENEVENTO 2 FLUMERI AIROLA To streghten BISACCIA MONTESARCHIO remove transmission constraint AVELLINO CALITRI

18 Grid development Regions Calabria and Sicily MONTECORVINO MATERA PISTICCI LAINO MERCURE ROTONDA tratto da demolire EDISON Altomonte (CS) 800 MW ROSSANO 1600 MW da declassare a 150 kv MUCONE 1 2 COSENZA SCANDALE FEROLETO 380 kv CROTONE EDISON Pianopoli (CZ) 800 MW VIBO VALENTIA CATANZARO EDISON Simeri Crichi (CZ) 800 MW 380 kv double circuit line Sorgente-Rizziconi RIZZICONI TRAPANI TRAPANI BELLOLAMPO PALERMO TERMINI I. PARTINICO CARACOLI CIMINNA S.FILIPPO DEL MELA DUFE RDO CORRIOLOFIN MESSINA SORGENTE REGGIO CALABRIA PARTANNA ENNA AGRIGENTO CALTANISSETTA FAVARA PATERNO MISTERBIANCO CATANIA MELILLI PRIOLO ANAPO ISAB SIRACUSA CHIAROMONTE G. RAGUSA POLIMERI RAGUSA 380 kv single circuit line Chiaramonte - Ciminna

19 Specific requirements of the grid for wind energy In order to integrate a big amount of wing generation in the Italian electric system, maintaining the security and quality conditions, it is appropriate that wind generation meet some requirements : Capability to not disconnect during short-circuits Participation in solving technical restrinctions, specially in critical stability situation Participation in voltage regulation Participation in frequency regulation Forecast of the production All issues are under discussion with the Italian Regulator

20 Network development process The Development Plan is worked yearly out according to the planning scenarios, on the basis of: Demand growth per each area Development of new production units (Thermal + Wind) Location of new generation on the territory Signals from the power exchange

21 Network Development Plan in Italy Characterization of new investments 380 kv 220 kv kv Total New transformers (MVA) Short-medium term Medium-long term Lines (km) Short-medium term Medium-long term

22 Authorization problems Difficulties in building new high voltage lines due to authorisation problems People opposition linked to increased (excessive) environmental sensitivity, often connected to EMF Difficulties in identifying new feasible routes due to intense human territorial penetration Lack of integration between electrical and territorial/environmental planning Unsatisfactory results and uncertain timetable of present authorization procedures (EIA)

23 Main issues in developing the network TSOs not in charge of power plants localization Localization based on different technical & economical reasons (not linked to network presence) Brown fields & existing infrastructures Cogeneration Exploitation of wind & hydro resources Presence of the natural gas network Acceptance by resident people and municipalities Weak Locational Signals, not EU coordinated Network development to be consistent with market requirements

24 SEA Strategic Environmental Assessment A new tool to gather consensous EC Directive 42/2001 introduced the public evaluation of developments plans, including electricity infrastructure plans Support tool to find macro options during the localization phase Better co-ordination of network and territorial planning Introduction of network & infrastructure corridors Better involvement of central & local authorities

25 SEA Exclusion/Repulsion/Attraction (ERA) criteria ERA Criteria - Legend and examples E1 = Exclusion Law constraints (military areas, airports) E2 = Exclusion Social & Environment factors (cities, lakes, archaeol. sites) E3 = Exclusion Hydro-geological constraints (landslide areas, etc. E4 = Exclusion Other environmental constraints (regional and national parks: can evolve in R1 in absence of alternatives) R1 = Repulsion Constraints which may be overcome in absence of alternatives (Sites of Community Importance, Special Protected Zones) R2 = Repulsion Constraints which may be overcome by implementing technical prescriptions (pylones painting, distances) N = Neutral areas No localization influence A1 = Attraction Presence of natural elements which hide new constructions A2 = Attraction Preferential areas (Infrastructure corridors, industrial areas)

26 SEA Preferential corridors and routes Route 1 Exclusion Area Station A Station B Repulsion Area Route 2 (Preferential)

27 Pylons, are not they beautiful? Thank you for your attention